Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050525
A. Irani
Translator’s note: The Written Heritage Research and Publication Center (WHRPC) was established in January 1995 under the auspices of the Office of the Deputy Minister for Cultural Activities at the Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance in Iran. It was given the task of researching and publishing important texts of Iranian and Islamic civilizations. The Center concentrates on the editing of texts that have not yet been published, those whose existing editions may be improved by more attentive editorial efforts, and Persian and Arabic works for which better manuscripts have been discovered since the preparation of their original editions. The center’s areas of concentration are: Persian and Arabic literatures, History, Geography, Islamic Sciences, and the Tranoxianian Heritage. Since 2004 this center has increased its cooperation with international organizations that share its goals and interests. More about this institution may be found at its website at: http://www.mirasmaktoob.ir. What follows is a brief description of the activities of the WHRPC in the fields of textual studies and codicology, as presented by Dr. Akbar Irani, the director of WHRPC, in a lecture that he delivered in August of 2007 in the third conference of the Society of Islamic Manuscripts in Cambridge, England. I have taken few liberties with the text in order to transform the narrative from a talk to a report.
{"title":"Textual Studies in Iran: A Report","authors":"A. Irani","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050525","url":null,"abstract":"Translator’s note: The Written Heritage Research and Publication Center (WHRPC) was established in January 1995 under the auspices of the Office of the Deputy Minister for Cultural Activities at the Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance in Iran. It was given the task of researching and publishing important texts of Iranian and Islamic civilizations. The Center concentrates on the editing of texts that have not yet been published, those whose existing editions may be improved by more attentive editorial efforts, and Persian and Arabic works for which better manuscripts have been discovered since the preparation of their original editions. The center’s areas of concentration are: Persian and Arabic literatures, History, Geography, Islamic Sciences, and the Tranoxianian Heritage. Since 2004 this center has increased its cooperation with international organizations that share its goals and interests. More about this institution may be found at its website at: http://www.mirasmaktoob.ir. What follows is a brief description of the activities of the WHRPC in the fields of textual studies and codicology, as presented by Dr. Akbar Irani, the director of WHRPC, in a lecture that he delivered in August of 2007 in the third conference of the Society of Islamic Manuscripts in Cambridge, England. I have taken few liberties with the text in order to transform the narrative from a talk to a report.","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"152 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56778540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050707
M. Fischbach
{"title":"Michael Dumper, ed. Palestinian Refugee Repatriation: Global Perspectives, Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 310 pages, appendices, bibliography, index. Cloth US$120.00 ISBN 0-415-38497-4","authors":"M. Fischbach","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"195 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56780532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050811
Virginia Danielson
{"title":"Sélim Nassib. I Loved You for Your Voice . Translated from the Erench by Alison Anderson. 255 pages. New York: Europa Editions, 2006. Paper US$14.95 ISBN 1-933372-07-9","authors":"Virginia Danielson","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"211 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56781132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S002631840005094X
B. Wood
{"title":"On ”Israel on Trial”","authors":"B. Wood","doi":"10.1017/S002631840005094X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002631840005094X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"231 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S002631840005094X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56781258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050859
Erika Friedl Loeffler
originality lies in his treatment of Ibn al-Zubayr and 'Abd al-Malik's accession to power, which are the subject of his second chapter. It is in here that Robinson corrects the myopia of most modern scholarship in setting the caliphate of Ibn al-Zubayr the greatest rival of Abd al-Malik in proper context, perhaps more in tune with how they were understood in their own time. Inspired by the approach of many Muslim historians of the pre-modern period, Robinson provides a more credible and less anachronistic reconstruction of the careers of both men. In a section entitled "The Case for Ibn al-Zubayr," Robinson recognizes the credibility of Ibn al-Zubayr's claim, his Islamic credentials and effective and broad military control in the mid to late 680's, and opts to portray him not as an "anti-caliph" whose movement represented a mere "interregnum" in Umayyad rule, but as a legitimate caliph whose caliphate ended in 692. Hence, the career of 'Abd al-Malik is seen as a rebellion that was successful in usurping the rule from Ibn al-Zubayr, rather than a "sure thing" whose legitimacy and success were guaranteed from the start. In the chapters that follow, Robinson examines various questions relating to 'Abd al-Malik as caliph. Chapter Three deals with how Abd al-Malik wished to portray himself, while chapters Four, Five and Six, address the project of state and empire building which he undertook, situating it within the tradition of empire building in the Middle East, but also within the context and circumstances of'Abd al-Malik's life. These chapters include a discussion of 'Abd al-Malik's military and fiscal innovations, an examination of the authority behind the power that Abd al-Malik exercised, and an analysis of the means by which Abd al-Malik broadcast his claim of authority through both conventional and novel media. In concluding, Robinson evaluates the legacy of 'Abd al-Malik, focusing on the influential and highly respected succession arrangements that he expressed, as well as on Abd al-Malik's vision "of an administratively centralizing theocracy ruled by God's Caliph," which survived well into the Abbasid period (p. 124). He also offers some reflections on the dual process of Arabization and Islamization that was integral to the success of this vision. Robinson raises many challenging questions in this book and offers fresh, persuasive and insightful answers to them; it is precisely this feature that sets this book apart from many treatments of the early Marwanid period. Robinson is to be commended for writing a book that will satisfy many, perhaps offend a few, but also open the door to much more research on this fascinating period. Maya Yazigi University of British Columbia
{"title":"Hammed Shahidian. Women in Iran. Emerging Voices in the Women’s Movement. Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 2002. 212 pages, index. US$130.00 ISBN 0-313-32345-3","authors":"Erika Friedl Loeffler","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050859","url":null,"abstract":"originality lies in his treatment of Ibn al-Zubayr and 'Abd al-Malik's accession to power, which are the subject of his second chapter. It is in here that Robinson corrects the myopia of most modern scholarship in setting the caliphate of Ibn al-Zubayr the greatest rival of Abd al-Malik in proper context, perhaps more in tune with how they were understood in their own time. Inspired by the approach of many Muslim historians of the pre-modern period, Robinson provides a more credible and less anachronistic reconstruction of the careers of both men. In a section entitled \"The Case for Ibn al-Zubayr,\" Robinson recognizes the credibility of Ibn al-Zubayr's claim, his Islamic credentials and effective and broad military control in the mid to late 680's, and opts to portray him not as an \"anti-caliph\" whose movement represented a mere \"interregnum\" in Umayyad rule, but as a legitimate caliph whose caliphate ended in 692. Hence, the career of 'Abd al-Malik is seen as a rebellion that was successful in usurping the rule from Ibn al-Zubayr, rather than a \"sure thing\" whose legitimacy and success were guaranteed from the start. In the chapters that follow, Robinson examines various questions relating to 'Abd al-Malik as caliph. Chapter Three deals with how Abd al-Malik wished to portray himself, while chapters Four, Five and Six, address the project of state and empire building which he undertook, situating it within the tradition of empire building in the Middle East, but also within the context and circumstances of'Abd al-Malik's life. These chapters include a discussion of 'Abd al-Malik's military and fiscal innovations, an examination of the authority behind the power that Abd al-Malik exercised, and an analysis of the means by which Abd al-Malik broadcast his claim of authority through both conventional and novel media. In concluding, Robinson evaluates the legacy of 'Abd al-Malik, focusing on the influential and highly respected succession arrangements that he expressed, as well as on Abd al-Malik's vision \"of an administratively centralizing theocracy ruled by God's Caliph,\" which survived well into the Abbasid period (p. 124). He also offers some reflections on the dual process of Arabization and Islamization that was integral to the success of this vision. Robinson raises many challenging questions in this book and offers fresh, persuasive and insightful answers to them; it is precisely this feature that sets this book apart from many treatments of the early Marwanid period. Robinson is to be commended for writing a book that will satisfy many, perhaps offend a few, but also open the door to much more research on this fascinating period. Maya Yazigi University of British Columbia","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"217 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56781301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050781
Don Matthews
{"title":"Nur Masalha. The Politics of Denial: Israel and Palestinian Refugee Problem. London and Sterling, Va.: Pluto Press, 2003, 298 pages, endnotes, bibliography, index. Paper ISBN 0-7453-2120-8","authors":"Don Matthews","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"207 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56780603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050793
E. Webb
other property owned by them" (p. 131). The resolution in fact does not identify by name what it calls "the Governments or authorities responsible" for compensating refugees. Readers seeking to understand the legal arguments surrounding the right of Palestinian Arabs to return can profitably mine Masalha's bibliography for more detailed studies of the matter. The Politics of Denial provides one of the best summary statements of the historical basis for Palestinian grievances against Israel. The book is accessible to anyone with an elementary knowledge of the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict and could be assigned in undergraduate and graduate-level classes, although the writing does not provide the best model for students to emulate. The book is repetitive, not only in its main points, but also in its phrasing. A number of proper names are misspelled or inaccurately transliterated. For example, Zangwill is spelled "Zagwill" (p. 15), Tzvai is represented as "Tzavi" (p. 26), and Maghrabi as "Magharbeh" (pp. 189-91). In addition, the style of documentation is inconsistent, employing primarily endnotes, but occasionally parenthetical or bracketed citations. All of this suggests that the editorial process was rushed. Nonetheless, anyone who approaches The Politics of Denial hoping that these flaws will salvage the long-established Zionist narratives that Masalha assails will be disappointed. The book is compelling in its argument that the Zionist movement from its beginning and until the present has refused to face the moral dilemmas and consequences of colonizing a land that was already populated, and that the act has and continues to require the willful expropriation of Palestinians' property and denial of their national and legal rights. Don Matthews Oakland University
{"title":"James McDougall. History and the Culture of Nationalism in Algeria . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 266 pages, footnotes, bibliography, index, 18 B/W photographs. Hardcover US$85.00 ISBN: 0-521-84373-1","authors":"E. Webb","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050793","url":null,"abstract":"other property owned by them\" (p. 131). The resolution in fact does not identify by name what it calls \"the Governments or authorities responsible\" for compensating refugees. Readers seeking to understand the legal arguments surrounding the right of Palestinian Arabs to return can profitably mine Masalha's bibliography for more detailed studies of the matter. The Politics of Denial provides one of the best summary statements of the historical basis for Palestinian grievances against Israel. The book is accessible to anyone with an elementary knowledge of the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict and could be assigned in undergraduate and graduate-level classes, although the writing does not provide the best model for students to emulate. The book is repetitive, not only in its main points, but also in its phrasing. A number of proper names are misspelled or inaccurately transliterated. For example, Zangwill is spelled \"Zagwill\" (p. 15), Tzvai is represented as \"Tzavi\" (p. 26), and Maghrabi as \"Magharbeh\" (pp. 189-91). In addition, the style of documentation is inconsistent, employing primarily endnotes, but occasionally parenthetical or bracketed citations. All of this suggests that the editorial process was rushed. Nonetheless, anyone who approaches The Politics of Denial hoping that these flaws will salvage the long-established Zionist narratives that Masalha assails will be disappointed. The book is compelling in its argument that the Zionist movement from its beginning and until the present has refused to face the moral dilemmas and consequences of colonizing a land that was already populated, and that the act has and continues to require the willful expropriation of Palestinians' property and denial of their national and legal rights. Don Matthews Oakland University","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"208 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56781117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0026318400050495
Gregory Starrett
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"Gregory Starrett","doi":"10.1017/s0026318400050495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400050495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0026318400050495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56778221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050641
S. Sayarı
Part three, "Postcolonial Lives," is an important section whose title should be put in quotation marks, in my view, since the region is still dependent on a global political and economic structure dictated by world powers and organizations. For example, one biography is of a Moroccan migrant worker, poignantly addressing issues of Arab labor migration in Western Europe, the internationalization of labor, and globalization of the world economy. Life stories of people in the region in the last few decades are compiled in the last section, "Contemporary Lives." For example, one biography is of an Iranian female community leader that illuminates the history of gender relations since the Iranian revolution. Biography five, about a West Bank settler, is preceded by a valuable note on the politics of colonization of Palestine and the settlement projects there. In sum, the book provides a non-elite historiography of the region through the personal stories of ordinary people, and some not so ordinary, and gives much-needed voice to people in the Middle East. This work is a necessary complement to large-scale historiography, grounding historical processes that shaped and affected the Middle East, such as colonialism, Zionism, neocolonialism, and globalization, and showing how diverse individuals responded to these historical factors. It illustrates the range of experiences they navigated that were not simply about formal "politics." Although the book does not represent all the groups living in the Middle East, it is an excellent volume that advances our knowledge of people from around the region. I have been teaching the book myself for two consecutive years and students have responded very well to this text, so I highly recommend it for courses. A book that complements these social and oral histories well is a new text by Ilan Pappc, The Modem History of the Middle Hast (2005), also a non-traditional text book that provides a comprehensive introductory history of the region utilizing a critical approach based on Edward Said's critique of Orientalism. Magid Shihade Berkeley City College
{"title":"Soner Cagaptay. Islam, Secularism, and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who is a Turk? London and New York: Routledge 2006 162 pages, notes, index. Cloth US$65.00 ISBN 0-415-38458-3","authors":"S. Sayarı","doi":"10.1017/S0026318400050641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400050641","url":null,"abstract":"Part three, \"Postcolonial Lives,\" is an important section whose title should be put in quotation marks, in my view, since the region is still dependent on a global political and economic structure dictated by world powers and organizations. For example, one biography is of a Moroccan migrant worker, poignantly addressing issues of Arab labor migration in Western Europe, the internationalization of labor, and globalization of the world economy. Life stories of people in the region in the last few decades are compiled in the last section, \"Contemporary Lives.\" For example, one biography is of an Iranian female community leader that illuminates the history of gender relations since the Iranian revolution. Biography five, about a West Bank settler, is preceded by a valuable note on the politics of colonization of Palestine and the settlement projects there. In sum, the book provides a non-elite historiography of the region through the personal stories of ordinary people, and some not so ordinary, and gives much-needed voice to people in the Middle East. This work is a necessary complement to large-scale historiography, grounding historical processes that shaped and affected the Middle East, such as colonialism, Zionism, neocolonialism, and globalization, and showing how diverse individuals responded to these historical factors. It illustrates the range of experiences they navigated that were not simply about formal \"politics.\" Although the book does not represent all the groups living in the Middle East, it is an excellent volume that advances our knowledge of people from around the region. I have been teaching the book myself for two consecutive years and students have responded very well to this text, so I highly recommend it for courses. A book that complements these social and oral histories well is a new text by Ilan Pappc, The Modem History of the Middle Hast (2005), also a non-traditional text book that provides a comprehensive introductory history of the region utilizing a critical approach based on Edward Said's critique of Orientalism. Magid Shihade Berkeley City College","PeriodicalId":88595,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Studies Association bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"186 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0026318400050641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56779612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0026318400050689
John M. Vanderlippe
Chapter 2 discusses how the tyrannical Pharaoh who confronted Moses in the Qur'an bolstered the revulsion of some medieval Muslims against all pre-Islamic antiquities. But other Muslims travelers, philosophers, Sufis, and peasants reflected on antiquities as telling reminders of the power and wisdom of ancient Egypt. The chapter then describes the halting attempts of the Egyptian state from the 1830s to claim, conserve, and collect antiquities. Chapter 3 describes how, under Khedive Ismail, Rifa'a al-Tahtawi and Ali Mubarak laid institutional foundations for teaching about ancient Egypt and linking the pharaohs to modern revival and the cause of national independence. Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid expounded these themes early in the 20" century, and his intellectual and political heirs came into their own in the interwar period, the subject of Chapter 4. In 1922, Carter's discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb came on the heels of Britain's concession of greater Egyptian independence. To Carter's consternation, nationalists won the battle to keep all of Tut's treasures in Egypt. "Pharaonism" swept through elite discourse in politics (palace, Wafdist, and Liberal Constitutionalist), literature (Muhammad Husayn Haykal and Tawfiq al-Hakim), painting, and sculpture. Mahmud al-Mukhtar's iconic granite statue "The Awakening of Egypt" showed a sphinx rising as a peasant woman lifts her head covering. Pharaonism had already peaked before World War II, when Naguib Mahfouz published his first three novels, all set in ancient Egypt. Colla's fifth chapter creatively pairs Mahfouz and Sayyid Qutb, who in 1944 heaped extravagant praise on Mahfouz's Kijah Tiba (The Struggle of Thebes). Kifab celebrates Egypt's liberation from foreign Hyksos rule at the start of the New Kingdom, a clear allusion to longing for freedom from the British yoke. Mahfouz and Qutb soon turned their backs on pharaonism, though in fatefully different ways. Mahfouz began writing the social realist fiction set in the 20"' century that would win him the Nobel Prize but almost cost him his life at the hands of an Islamist assassin. Qutb, appalled by experience of the United States as a student, returned to join the Muslim Brotherhood, spend years in Nasser's prisons, and die on the gallows in 1966. His prison polemics against contemporary Muslim regimes and the West still echo through the Islamic world. The Qur'anic pharaoh of Moses loomed large in his imagination, and in 1981 President Sadat's assassin would proclaim, "I have killed Pharaoh!" Colla's rich readings of the multiple meanings of pharaonic history are an inspired contribution to a growing subfield. Conflicted Antiquities will be a cornerstone for further work on the perennially fascinating topic of ancient Egypt's legacy to cultures near and far that came after it.
第二章讨论了在《古兰经》中与摩西对峙的暴虐法老如何激起了一些中世纪穆斯林对所有前伊斯兰时代古物的反感。但其他穆斯林旅行者、哲学家、苏菲派和农民则认为，这些文物提醒着人们古埃及的力量和智慧。然后，本章描述了埃及政府从19世纪30年代开始断断续续地要求、保存和收集文物的尝试。第三章描述了在赫迪夫·伊斯梅尔的领导下，里法阿·塔塔维和阿里·穆巴拉克如何为古埃及的教学奠定制度基础，并将法老与现代复兴和民族独立事业联系起来。Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid在20世纪早期阐述了这些主题，他的知识分子和政治继承人在两次世界大战之间的时期得到了自己的发展，这是第四章的主题。1922年，卡特发现了图坦卡蒙陵墓，就在英国承认埃及更大程度的独立之后。令卡特震惊的是，民族主义者赢得了将图坦卡蒙所有宝藏留在埃及的战斗。“法老主义”席卷了政治(宫廷主义、瓦夫派和自由立宪主义者)、文学(穆罕默德·侯赛因·海卡尔和陶菲克·哈基姆)、绘画和雕塑领域的精英话语。马哈茂德·穆赫塔尔(Mahmud al-Mukhtar)的标志性花岗岩雕像《埃及的觉醒》(The Awakening of Egypt)中，一位农妇掀开头巾，狮身人面像正在升起。法老主义在第二次世界大战之前就已经达到了顶峰，当时纳吉布·马哈福兹(Naguib Mahfouz)出版了他的前三部小说，都以古埃及为背景。科拉的第五章创造性地将马哈福兹和萨伊德·库特布放在一起，后者在1944年对马哈福兹的《底比斯之战》大加赞扬。Kifab庆祝埃及在新王国开始时从外国希克索斯统治下解放出来，这明显暗示了对摆脱英国枷锁的渴望。马哈福兹和库特卜很快就背弃了法老主义，尽管方式截然不同。马哈福兹开始创作以20世纪为背景的社会现实主义小说，这部小说为他赢得了诺贝尔奖，但也差点让他丧命于一名伊斯兰刺客之手。作为学生的库特布对美国的经历感到震惊，他回到美国加入了穆斯林兄弟会，在纳赛尔的监狱里呆了几年，并于1966年死于绞刑架上。他在狱中针对当代穆斯林政权和西方的论战至今仍在伊斯兰世界回响。《古兰经》中摩西的法老隐约出现在他的想象中，1981年暗杀萨达特总统的人宣称:“我已经杀死了法老!”科拉对法老历史多重含义的丰富解读，对这一不断发展的分支领域做出了鼓舞人心的贡献。古物冲突将成为进一步研究古埃及对后世文化遗产这一永恒迷人话题的基石。
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