Biology of the Cell最新文献

Cell junction proteins play a pivotal role in regulating key physiological processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. E-cadherin, a crucial component of adherens junctions, is essential for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis by modulating cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, we explored the function of E-cadherin in the intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings indicate that during colitis, E-cadherin remains associated with the cell membrane in colonocytes. Furthermore, using an in vitro system, we demonstrated that in colonocytes, E-cadherin inhibits cell proliferation and β-catenin signaling while simultaneously activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These results suggest that E-cadherin may suppress cell proliferation while promoting PI3K/Akt signaling in colonocytes of colitic mice.

Deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks are very effective for automatic image segmentation tasks with no exception for cellular electron micrographs. However, the lack of dedicated easy-to-use tools largely reduces the widespread use of these techniques. Here we present DeepSCEM, a straightforward tool for fast and efficient segmentation of cellular electron microscopy images using deep learning with a special focus on efficient and user-friendly generation and training of models for organelle segmentation.

As master regulators of embryonic development, regulating homeobox genes is fundamental for developmental biology. Despite the growth of multiple topics regarding fine-tuning homeobox gene expression, the discussion on how the circadian rhythm affects their control and vice-versa still needs to be improved. Due to the intrinsic importance of the circadian clock and its impact on several molecular mechanisms, including development and pregnancy, the interplay between this mechanism and homeobox genes becomes a meaningful discussion. This work aims to review and critically discuss the crosstalk between homeobox genes and circadian regulation in multiple organisms, focusing on differentiation and developmental mechanisms. A considerable focus is given to new perspectives on the topic.

The French Society for Cell Biology (SBCF) gathers all researchers working in the broad field of cell biology and is actively involved in several missions. Indeed, from communicating about the latest breakthroughs to announcing upcoming events, the SBCF also identifies and nurtures emerging talents while financially supporting young researchers to help them attend scientific meetings. The society's mission is to promote the scientific area, to boost knowledge transmission, and be the reference for French research in cell biology on the international stage. In this context, the SBCF has woven networks of knowledge and expertise with global Societies of cell biology and continues to foster partnerships specifically through joint sessions at international meetings. In the same vein, since 2022, the SBCF has been organizing an annual themed international symposium called “Cell Biology of…” to spotlight specific topics of interest. Past editions have highlighted subjects such as the coronaviruses, neurons, and plants, showcasing the broad scope of the discipline. In addition to these scientific initiatives, the SBCF is also very much committed to supporting and regularly organizing a variety of events for raising the public awareness of science in general and cell biology in particular, and engaging it in the wonders of science.

Tissue organization is fundamental to the form and function of most, if not all, multicellular organisms. But what specifies the precise histologic organization of cells in tissues of plants and animals is unclear. We hypothesize that a tissue code exists that is the basis for dynamic maintenance of tissue organization. Any code for tissue organization must account for how the dynamics of tissue renewal maintain histologic structure. Accordingly, we modeled the dynamics of crypt renewal to determine how the organization of cells is maintained in colonic epithelium. Specifically, we modeled spatial and temporal asymmetries of cell division and established that five simple mathematical laws ([1] timing of cell division, [2] temporal order of cell division, [3] spatial direction of cell division, [4] number of cell divisions, and [5] cell lifespan) constitute a set of biological rules for colonic epithelia. Our results indicate that these rules form the basis of precise organization of cells in colonic epithelium during continuous crypt renewal. These five laws might even provide a means to understand the mechanisms that underlie organization of other tissue types, and how genetic alterations cause tissue disorganization that leads to birth defects and tissue pathology like cancer.