Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2170280
Jessica M. Gilbert, L. Fruhen, Cindy T. Burton, Sharon K. Parker
ABSTRACT Objectives This study gives an overview of the impact of FIFO work on workers’ mental health before and during COVID-19, using three comparison samples as well as norm data. It provides a timely update on FIFO workers' mental health and how it has been impacted during COVID-19. Method Comparisons are conducted with three participant samples, namely two FIFO worker samples (one before and one during the Covid pandemic) and a purposefully sampled benchmark sample, and Australian population norm data on mental health. Constructs included in surveys were psychological distress, burnout, suicide intention, as well as social, psychological, and emotional wellbeing. Results FIFO workers were found to have worse mental health than the matched benchmark sample, and the Australian norm samples pre-COVID-19. Differences between FIFO workers and the matched benchmark sample persisted for psychological distress and burnout after controlling for demographic factors. Mental ill-health and poor well-being were higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Conclusions FIFO workers need to be considered an at-risk group for adverse mental health outcomes, and this is even more so the case during COVID-19. Findings are attributable to the experience of FIFO work as well as the demographic character of the workforce. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Research findings on FIFO workers' mental health are mixed. (2) A comprehensive comparison of FIFO worker mental health with the wider Australian population on a range of mental health indicators is needed to provide clarity on this issue. (3) Impacts of COVID-19 on FIFO worker mental health have been anecdotally reported but have to date not been empirically tested. What this topic adds: (1) This study shows that FIFO workers had worse mental health compared to non-FIFO workers before COVID-19 in 2018. (2) It documents differences in FIFO workers’ mental health before (2018) and during Covid (2020). (3) The study’s findings clearly identify FIFO workers as an at-risk group for mental health.
{"title":"The mental health of fly-in fly-out workers before and during COVID-19: a comparison study","authors":"Jessica M. Gilbert, L. Fruhen, Cindy T. Burton, Sharon K. Parker","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2023.2170280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2023.2170280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives This study gives an overview of the impact of FIFO work on workers’ mental health before and during COVID-19, using three comparison samples as well as norm data. It provides a timely update on FIFO workers' mental health and how it has been impacted during COVID-19. Method Comparisons are conducted with three participant samples, namely two FIFO worker samples (one before and one during the Covid pandemic) and a purposefully sampled benchmark sample, and Australian population norm data on mental health. Constructs included in surveys were psychological distress, burnout, suicide intention, as well as social, psychological, and emotional wellbeing. Results FIFO workers were found to have worse mental health than the matched benchmark sample, and the Australian norm samples pre-COVID-19. Differences between FIFO workers and the matched benchmark sample persisted for psychological distress and burnout after controlling for demographic factors. Mental ill-health and poor well-being were higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Conclusions FIFO workers need to be considered an at-risk group for adverse mental health outcomes, and this is even more so the case during COVID-19. Findings are attributable to the experience of FIFO work as well as the demographic character of the workforce. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Research findings on FIFO workers' mental health are mixed. (2) A comprehensive comparison of FIFO worker mental health with the wider Australian population on a range of mental health indicators is needed to provide clarity on this issue. (3) Impacts of COVID-19 on FIFO worker mental health have been anecdotally reported but have to date not been empirically tested. What this topic adds: (1) This study shows that FIFO workers had worse mental health compared to non-FIFO workers before COVID-19 in 2018. (2) It documents differences in FIFO workers’ mental health before (2018) and during Covid (2020). (3) The study’s findings clearly identify FIFO workers as an at-risk group for mental health.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2174705
A. Kelly, Andrew W. Munnings, Xiang Zhao, B. Rowland, Kristin R. Laurens, M. Campbell, Joanne Williams, Jennifer A. Bailey, Callula Killingly, J. Abimanyi-Ochom, P. Kremer, J. Toumbourou
ABSTRACT Objective This study examined the nature and prevalence of polydrug use in 12–14 year old Australians. Method Three Australian school surveys (2006, n=4091; 2009, n=5635; 2017, n=1539; age 12–14 years) spanning 11 years were used. Substances included alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, inhalant, and other illicit substances. Risk factors included depressed mood, low emotional control, poor family management and conflict, and academic performance. Latent class analysis was used to discern classes. Regression analyses were used to test the association of risk factors with classes. Results Consistent across surveys, there was a class of adolescents who engaged in wide-ranging polydrug use, with prevalences ranging from 0.44% (2006) to 1.78% (2017). Emotional control problems, low academic performance, and poor family management were elevated in the polydrug class. Conclusion A small proportion of 12–14-year-old adolescents engage in polydrug use. Interventions focusing on family risks and emotional control problems may be beneficial. Key points What is already known about this topic In Australia, adolescents have generally reduced their use of alcohol and tobacco over recent decades. Most research is based on patterns of use of single substances in mid-to-late adolescence, but we know that a significant proportion of older Australian adolescents engage in polydrug use. Family relationship quality has been associated with drug use amongst older adolescents and young adults but may have an especially significant association with polydrug use amongst younger adolescents given key biopsychosocial transitions occurring around this age. What this research adds: A small but meaningful proportion of Australian 12–14-year-olds engage in polydrug use. The nature of polydrug use amongst young Australian adolescents has shifted since 2006, with profiles showing decreased tobacco use and continuing challenges in addressing alcohol, cannabis and inhalant use amongst young adolescents. This group also reported poor family management, poor emotional control, and academic failure. The results highlight the importance of detection and targeted early intervention for a subgroup of young adolescents who may have developed risky drug use patterns across the transition to high school.
{"title":"Polydrug use in Australian 12-14 year olds from 2006 to 2017: an examination of drug use profiles, emotional control problems, and family relationship characteristics","authors":"A. Kelly, Andrew W. Munnings, Xiang Zhao, B. Rowland, Kristin R. Laurens, M. Campbell, Joanne Williams, Jennifer A. Bailey, Callula Killingly, J. Abimanyi-Ochom, P. Kremer, J. Toumbourou","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2023.2174705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2023.2174705","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study examined the nature and prevalence of polydrug use in 12–14 year old Australians. Method Three Australian school surveys (2006, n=4091; 2009, n=5635; 2017, n=1539; age 12–14 years) spanning 11 years were used. Substances included alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, inhalant, and other illicit substances. Risk factors included depressed mood, low emotional control, poor family management and conflict, and academic performance. Latent class analysis was used to discern classes. Regression analyses were used to test the association of risk factors with classes. Results Consistent across surveys, there was a class of adolescents who engaged in wide-ranging polydrug use, with prevalences ranging from 0.44% (2006) to 1.78% (2017). Emotional control problems, low academic performance, and poor family management were elevated in the polydrug class. Conclusion A small proportion of 12–14-year-old adolescents engage in polydrug use. Interventions focusing on family risks and emotional control problems may be beneficial. Key points What is already known about this topic In Australia, adolescents have generally reduced their use of alcohol and tobacco over recent decades. Most research is based on patterns of use of single substances in mid-to-late adolescence, but we know that a significant proportion of older Australian adolescents engage in polydrug use. Family relationship quality has been associated with drug use amongst older adolescents and young adults but may have an especially significant association with polydrug use amongst younger adolescents given key biopsychosocial transitions occurring around this age. What this research adds: A small but meaningful proportion of Australian 12–14-year-olds engage in polydrug use. The nature of polydrug use amongst young Australian adolescents has shifted since 2006, with profiles showing decreased tobacco use and continuing challenges in addressing alcohol, cannabis and inhalant use amongst young adolescents. This group also reported poor family management, poor emotional control, and academic failure. The results highlight the importance of detection and targeted early intervention for a subgroup of young adolescents who may have developed risky drug use patterns across the transition to high school.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2174684
Caitlin A. Howlett, S. Miles, C. Berryman, A. Phillipou, G. Moseley
ABSTRACT Cognitive flexibility is a widely studied construct and is considered an important treatment target for several psychological disorders. The convergence of several independent fields of research has led to assumptions about the assessment of cognitive flexibility – assumptions that are not empirically supported and often conflate different notions of flexibility. This critical review discusses how the conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has seemingly arisen from literature on eating disorders. We describe how seminal early observations of “inflexible” personality characteristics, communication competence research, and investigations of frontal lobe function after injury led to two methods of assessing “cognitive flexibility”. We discuss the impact that conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has had on the field, and we provide recommendations for assessing cognitive flexibility in both research and clinical settings. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” are commonly used in research and clinical practice. (2) There is uncertainty in the field about whether or not self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” assess similar underlying constructs. (3) Both clinicians and researchers are susceptible to the jingle fallacy. What this topic adds: (1) This narrative critique of the literature reveals that self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” have gradually been conflated over time. (2) Early research in eating disorders seems to have played an influential role in generating and reinforcing such conflation. (3) The assumption that self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” are causally linked has no empirical basis and yet it has been used to explain inflexible cognitions and behaviours in people with eating disorders.
{"title":"Conflation between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility: a critical review of the Jingle Fallacy","authors":"Caitlin A. Howlett, S. Miles, C. Berryman, A. Phillipou, G. Moseley","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2023.2174684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2023.2174684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cognitive flexibility is a widely studied construct and is considered an important treatment target for several psychological disorders. The convergence of several independent fields of research has led to assumptions about the assessment of cognitive flexibility – assumptions that are not empirically supported and often conflate different notions of flexibility. This critical review discusses how the conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has seemingly arisen from literature on eating disorders. We describe how seminal early observations of “inflexible” personality characteristics, communication competence research, and investigations of frontal lobe function after injury led to two methods of assessing “cognitive flexibility”. We discuss the impact that conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has had on the field, and we provide recommendations for assessing cognitive flexibility in both research and clinical settings. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” are commonly used in research and clinical practice. (2) There is uncertainty in the field about whether or not self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” assess similar underlying constructs. (3) Both clinicians and researchers are susceptible to the jingle fallacy. What this topic adds: (1) This narrative critique of the literature reveals that self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” have gradually been conflated over time. (2) Early research in eating disorders seems to have played an influential role in generating and reinforcing such conflation. (3) The assumption that self-report and neurocognitive assessments of “cognitive flexibility” are causally linked has no empirical basis and yet it has been used to explain inflexible cognitions and behaviours in people with eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48350564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2170652
J. Berry, E. Marceau, Joshua O. Lunn
ABSTRACT Objective Although person-centred outcome measures have been recommended to evaluate cognitive rehabilitation interventions, few validated measures have been developed for this purpose. The current study examined aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity of a modified version of goal attainment scaling that uses a goal menu, calculator and control goals. Method Participants were N=25 female residents of a substance use disorder therapeutic community who were allocated to a four-week cognitive remediation (n=13) or treatment as usual (n=12) control group in a controlled sequential groups trial. Modified goal attainment scaling was used to set goals. Limited efficacy and efficiency, quality appraisal criteria, and convergent and discriminant validity of target and control goals were used to examine feasibility, reliability and content validity, and construct validity, respectively. Results Target goals were achieved at a higher rate than control goals for the Intervention, but not Control, group, with a medium effect size (r = 0.5). The approach was efficient and 44% of reliability and 75% of content validity criteria were met. Target goals correlated more strongly than control goals with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version. Conclusions The modified approach to goal attainment scaling demonstrated aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity. Key points What is already known about this topic: Cognitive remediation is a promising intervention for people with substance use disorder. Goal attainment scaling captures individualised person-centred goals. There is much variability in the quality and application of goal attainment scaling. What this topic adds: Modified goal attainment scaling is feasible in substance use disorder treatment research. Modified goal attainment scaling meets several reliability and validity criteria. Modified goal attainment scaling can be used to generate an effect size using nonparametric techniques.
{"title":"Feasibility, reliability and validity of a modified approach to goal attainment scaling to measure goal outcomes following cognitive remediation in a residential substance use disorder rehabilitation setting","authors":"J. Berry, E. Marceau, Joshua O. Lunn","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2023.2170652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2023.2170652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Although person-centred outcome measures have been recommended to evaluate cognitive rehabilitation interventions, few validated measures have been developed for this purpose. The current study examined aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity of a modified version of goal attainment scaling that uses a goal menu, calculator and control goals. Method Participants were N=25 female residents of a substance use disorder therapeutic community who were allocated to a four-week cognitive remediation (n=13) or treatment as usual (n=12) control group in a controlled sequential groups trial. Modified goal attainment scaling was used to set goals. Limited efficacy and efficiency, quality appraisal criteria, and convergent and discriminant validity of target and control goals were used to examine feasibility, reliability and content validity, and construct validity, respectively. Results Target goals were achieved at a higher rate than control goals for the Intervention, but not Control, group, with a medium effect size (r = 0.5). The approach was efficient and 44% of reliability and 75% of content validity criteria were met. Target goals correlated more strongly than control goals with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version. Conclusions The modified approach to goal attainment scaling demonstrated aspects of feasibility, reliability and validity. Key points What is already known about this topic: Cognitive remediation is a promising intervention for people with substance use disorder. Goal attainment scaling captures individualised person-centred goals. There is much variability in the quality and application of goal attainment scaling. What this topic adds: Modified goal attainment scaling is feasible in substance use disorder treatment research. Modified goal attainment scaling meets several reliability and validity criteria. Modified goal attainment scaling can be used to generate an effect size using nonparametric techniques.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2170279
Erin Mackenzie, A. Mcmaugh, P. Van Bergen, Roberto Hernan Parada
ABSTRACT Objective This study explored how seeking support from friends and parents and informal digital sources are related to anxiety and depression in adolescent girls. Method Early and middle adolescent girls (N = 186) were presented with four vignettes of academic stressors; for each scenario, they rated their likelihood of seeking support from parents, friends, or digital sources. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the youth version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Alternate models were tested using Structural Equation Modelling. Results Digital support seeking mediated the relationships between seeking support from parents and friends and anxiety and depression. Seeking support from parents was negatively related to digital support seeking, which in turn was positively related to depression and anxiety. In contrast, seeking support from friends was positively related to digital support seeking. Conclusion These findings suggest that informal digital support seeking may be considered a problematic way of coping with academic stress for adolescent girls, while seeking support from parents can be considered a protective factor due to its negative relationship with digital support-seeking. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Most adolescents use online communication on a daily basis to connect with friends, which provides unprecedented access to seeking informal academic support from these friends. (2) While seeking support is generally viewed as an adaptive coping strategy for adolescents, there is emerging evidence to suggest that online coping is related to poorer mental health. However, it is unknown how digital support seeking for academic stressors is related to depression and anxiety. (3) Adolescent girls are more likely than boys to seek support from others and are also more likely to experience depression and anxiety. What this topic adds: (1) The current study is the first to examine relationships between digital support seeking, seeking support from traditional sources (parents and friends), and depression and anxiety in adolescent girls. (2) Digital support-seeking demonstrated relationships with higher indicators of depression and anxiety, indicating it is a problematic way of coping with academic stress. We propose seeking support from parents as a protective factor due to its negative relationship with digital support-seeking. (3) Given the salience of academic stressors for adolescents, the findings suggest that parents, teachers, and practitioners should be wary of maladaptive outcomes when adolescents seek help online for academic concerns.
{"title":"Adolescent girls’ academic support-seeking, depression, and anxiety: the mediating role of digital support-seeking","authors":"Erin Mackenzie, A. Mcmaugh, P. Van Bergen, Roberto Hernan Parada","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2023.2170279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2023.2170279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study explored how seeking support from friends and parents and informal digital sources are related to anxiety and depression in adolescent girls. Method Early and middle adolescent girls (N = 186) were presented with four vignettes of academic stressors; for each scenario, they rated their likelihood of seeking support from parents, friends, or digital sources. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the youth version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Alternate models were tested using Structural Equation Modelling. Results Digital support seeking mediated the relationships between seeking support from parents and friends and anxiety and depression. Seeking support from parents was negatively related to digital support seeking, which in turn was positively related to depression and anxiety. In contrast, seeking support from friends was positively related to digital support seeking. Conclusion These findings suggest that informal digital support seeking may be considered a problematic way of coping with academic stress for adolescent girls, while seeking support from parents can be considered a protective factor due to its negative relationship with digital support-seeking. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Most adolescents use online communication on a daily basis to connect with friends, which provides unprecedented access to seeking informal academic support from these friends. (2) While seeking support is generally viewed as an adaptive coping strategy for adolescents, there is emerging evidence to suggest that online coping is related to poorer mental health. However, it is unknown how digital support seeking for academic stressors is related to depression and anxiety. (3) Adolescent girls are more likely than boys to seek support from others and are also more likely to experience depression and anxiety. What this topic adds: (1) The current study is the first to examine relationships between digital support seeking, seeking support from traditional sources (parents and friends), and depression and anxiety in adolescent girls. (2) Digital support-seeking demonstrated relationships with higher indicators of depression and anxiety, indicating it is a problematic way of coping with academic stress. We propose seeking support from parents as a protective factor due to its negative relationship with digital support-seeking. (3) Given the salience of academic stressors for adolescents, the findings suggest that parents, teachers, and practitioners should be wary of maladaptive outcomes when adolescents seek help online for academic concerns.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2153623
A. Novic, Charrlotte Seib, N. Burton
ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to investigate associations between mastery and physical activity with psychological distress in a population-based sample of mid-aged adults. Method Self-reported measures of psychological distress, mastery and time spent in each of walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity in the previous week were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 7,146 adults aged 40–64 years (M = 53 years, SD = 6.5 years, 42.4% men). Generalized Linear Models were used to examine the inter-relationship between mastery and physical activity with psychological distress. Results In fully adjusted models, only mastery was significantly associated with psychological distress (β = − 0.12, SE = 0.01, p < .01). There was no significant interaction between mastery and physical activity on psychological distress. Conclusions Mastery may be an important resource against psychological distress. A sense of control may therefore be a key component for psychotherapeutic interventions to mitigate distress in mid-aged adults. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Previous research indicates psychological distress is prevalent among Australian mid-aged adults. Mastery and physical activity are resources shown to protect against psychological distress in mid-aged adults. Longitudinal research with mid-aged adults has demonstrated a positive relationship between mastery and physical activity. What this topic adds: The current study showed higher mastery was associated with lower psychological distress in a sample of mid-aged adults. No relationship was observed between physical activity and distress or for an interaction between physical activity and mastery. This evidence may inform the development of interventions to mitigate distress in mid-aged adults.
{"title":"Mastery, physical activity and psychological distress in mid-aged adults","authors":"A. Novic, Charrlotte Seib, N. Burton","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2022.2153623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2022.2153623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to investigate associations between mastery and physical activity with psychological distress in a population-based sample of mid-aged adults. Method Self-reported measures of psychological distress, mastery and time spent in each of walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity in the previous week were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 7,146 adults aged 40–64 years (M = 53 years, SD = 6.5 years, 42.4% men). Generalized Linear Models were used to examine the inter-relationship between mastery and physical activity with psychological distress. Results In fully adjusted models, only mastery was significantly associated with psychological distress (β = − 0.12, SE = 0.01, p < .01). There was no significant interaction between mastery and physical activity on psychological distress. Conclusions Mastery may be an important resource against psychological distress. A sense of control may therefore be a key component for psychotherapeutic interventions to mitigate distress in mid-aged adults. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Previous research indicates psychological distress is prevalent among Australian mid-aged adults. Mastery and physical activity are resources shown to protect against psychological distress in mid-aged adults. Longitudinal research with mid-aged adults has demonstrated a positive relationship between mastery and physical activity. What this topic adds: The current study showed higher mastery was associated with lower psychological distress in a sample of mid-aged adults. No relationship was observed between physical activity and distress or for an interaction between physical activity and mastery. This evidence may inform the development of interventions to mitigate distress in mid-aged adults.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2145236
Louise Ferraz de camargo, Kylie Rice, E. Thorsteinsson
ABSTRACT Objective Bullying victimisation is well known to be associated with social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder among adolescents. Study 1 reports on a systematic review to examine these relationships. Study 2 employed a survey to investigate the relationship between overt, reputational, and relational bullying with self-endorsement of social anxiety disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method Study 1 consists of a systematic review of the literature published between 2011 and 2021. Multiple sources were used to identify potentially eligible studies using keywords in varying combinations and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The quality of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool. Study 2 collected data through an online questionnaire completed by 338 high-school students aged 12–18 years. Results Study 1 demonstrated that bullying victimisation research limits anxiety outcomes to social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Results also demonstrated that overt and covert bullying types are typically not defined. Study 2 found that covert bullying types (reputational and relational) uniquely predicted increased levels of all anxiety subtypes, while overt bullying did not. Relational bullying was the best predictor of all anxiety subtypes, except obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion These results suggest the need to consider different types of bullying and the need to assess anxiety subtype symptoms more broadly. KEY POINTS What is already known about the topic: Bullying-victimisation is associated with social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder among adolescents. Previous research has identified three bullying victimisation subtypes; overt, and two covert types being reputational and relational. Covert bullying victimisation is more strongly related to depression and social anxiety symptomology than overt. What this topic adds: Overt bullying victimisation does not predict self-endorsement of generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Covert bullying victimisation predicts separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Subtypes of bullying victimisation demonstrate unique relationships with a range of anxiety disorder symptomology beyond that of generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.
{"title":"A systematic review and empirical investigation: bullying victimisation and anxiety subtypes among adolescents","authors":"Louise Ferraz de camargo, Kylie Rice, E. Thorsteinsson","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2022.2145236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2022.2145236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Bullying victimisation is well known to be associated with social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder among adolescents. Study 1 reports on a systematic review to examine these relationships. Study 2 employed a survey to investigate the relationship between overt, reputational, and relational bullying with self-endorsement of social anxiety disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method Study 1 consists of a systematic review of the literature published between 2011 and 2021. Multiple sources were used to identify potentially eligible studies using keywords in varying combinations and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The quality of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool. Study 2 collected data through an online questionnaire completed by 338 high-school students aged 12–18 years. Results Study 1 demonstrated that bullying victimisation research limits anxiety outcomes to social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Results also demonstrated that overt and covert bullying types are typically not defined. Study 2 found that covert bullying types (reputational and relational) uniquely predicted increased levels of all anxiety subtypes, while overt bullying did not. Relational bullying was the best predictor of all anxiety subtypes, except obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion These results suggest the need to consider different types of bullying and the need to assess anxiety subtype symptoms more broadly. KEY POINTS What is already known about the topic: Bullying-victimisation is associated with social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder among adolescents. Previous research has identified three bullying victimisation subtypes; overt, and two covert types being reputational and relational. Covert bullying victimisation is more strongly related to depression and social anxiety symptomology than overt. What this topic adds: Overt bullying victimisation does not predict self-endorsement of generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Covert bullying victimisation predicts separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Subtypes of bullying victimisation demonstrate unique relationships with a range of anxiety disorder symptomology beyond that of generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2141584
Brigitta Scarfe, C. Adams, E. Gringart, D. McAullay, Moira Sim, N. Strobel
ABSTRACT Objective Older adults are vulnerable to isolation and poor emotional wellbeing during COVID-19, however, their access to appropriate supports is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore older adults’ experiences accessing social and emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Method Ten older adults from Western Australia (Australia) aged 68 to 78 years participated in individual semi-structured interviews between December 2020 and January 2021. Responses were investigated using thematic analysis. Results Three key themes emerged: adaptability and self-sufficiency; informal support-seeking; and digital and online technologies. Older adults were adaptable to COVID-19 restrictions; however, some were anxious about reconnecting with their social networks once restrictions had eased. Older adults relied on their informal support networks to maintain their social and emotional wellbeing during lockdown. Digital platforms (e.g., Zoom, social media) enabled older adults to stay connected with others, yet some older people were unable or reluctant to use technology, leaving them vulnerable to social isolation. Conclusions Older adults are resilient to the challenges of COVID-19. Informal supports and digital technologies are important to maintaining social and emotional wellbeing during lockdown. Local governments and community groups may benefit from increased funding to deliver services that promote social connectedness during times of crisis. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Older adults are vulnerable to social isolation and poor mental health during COVID-19. (2) Older adults are less likely to seek and receive help for their emotional and social health than younger age groups. (3) Barriers to accessing appropriate supports include physical health problems, stigma, negative attitudes towards help-seeking and system-level factors. What this topic adds: (1) Older adults were able to adapt well to COVID-19 restrictions and relied on informal supports to maintain their wellbeing. (2) Older adults with limited social networks and poor access to and/or knowledge of digital technologies are at the greatest risk of social and emotional declines. (3) Telephone “warm” lines, volunteering opportunities, and programs to improve digital literacy may help to protect older adults’ social and emotional wellbeing during times of crises.
{"title":"Maintaining social and emotional wellbeing among older adults during periods of increased social isolation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Brigitta Scarfe, C. Adams, E. Gringart, D. McAullay, Moira Sim, N. Strobel","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2022.2141584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2022.2141584","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Older adults are vulnerable to isolation and poor emotional wellbeing during COVID-19, however, their access to appropriate supports is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore older adults’ experiences accessing social and emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Method Ten older adults from Western Australia (Australia) aged 68 to 78 years participated in individual semi-structured interviews between December 2020 and January 2021. Responses were investigated using thematic analysis. Results Three key themes emerged: adaptability and self-sufficiency; informal support-seeking; and digital and online technologies. Older adults were adaptable to COVID-19 restrictions; however, some were anxious about reconnecting with their social networks once restrictions had eased. Older adults relied on their informal support networks to maintain their social and emotional wellbeing during lockdown. Digital platforms (e.g., Zoom, social media) enabled older adults to stay connected with others, yet some older people were unable or reluctant to use technology, leaving them vulnerable to social isolation. Conclusions Older adults are resilient to the challenges of COVID-19. Informal supports and digital technologies are important to maintaining social and emotional wellbeing during lockdown. Local governments and community groups may benefit from increased funding to deliver services that promote social connectedness during times of crisis. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Older adults are vulnerable to social isolation and poor mental health during COVID-19. (2) Older adults are less likely to seek and receive help for their emotional and social health than younger age groups. (3) Barriers to accessing appropriate supports include physical health problems, stigma, negative attitudes towards help-seeking and system-level factors. What this topic adds: (1) Older adults were able to adapt well to COVID-19 restrictions and relied on informal supports to maintain their wellbeing. (2) Older adults with limited social networks and poor access to and/or knowledge of digital technologies are at the greatest risk of social and emotional declines. (3) Telephone “warm” lines, volunteering opportunities, and programs to improve digital literacy may help to protect older adults’ social and emotional wellbeing during times of crises.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42040097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2138542
Daphne Pillay-Naidoo, P. Nel
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the indirect processes through which cognitive, emotional and behavioural assets function to explain resilience amongst women leaders in higher education institutions. Method A quantitative cross-sectional survey design with a sample of N = 255 women leaders from higher education institutions was employed. Results All the proposed indirect pathways were found to be statistically significant and explained a fair proportion of the variance in the resilience scores of women leaders. Results revealed that cognitive assets (self-efficacy and mindfulness) were associated with resilience through association with emotional assets (positive affect and self-regulation) and behavioural assets (problem-solving skills and authentic functioning), both individually and in serial. Conclusions This study offers support for the direct and indirect relationships between mindfulness, self-efficacy, self-regulation, positive affect, authentic functioning, problem solving skills and resilience. It further generates new insights into the indirect processes through which cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains of influence may explain resilience amongst women leaders. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Women leaders remain underrepresented in higher education institutions when compared to their male counterparts. Women leaders who possess higher levels of resilience are more likely to overcome the numerous barriers women face in higher education institutions when compared women leaders with lower levels of resilience. There is an established direct relationship between personal strengths such as self-efficacy, self-regulation and problem-solving ability and resilience. What this topic adds: By investigating the proposed indirect pathways and the interaction between cognitive, emotional and behavioural assets, this study offers a more nuanced approach to understanding the processes that lead to resilience. Using the cognitive-behavioural perspective of psychology as the theoretical framework to support the hypotheses proposed, this study expands the application of the cognitive behavioural model to explain resilience in the work context. This study offers support for a newly proposed model of cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains of influence on resilience.
{"title":"Testing a model of resilience for women leaders: a strengths based approach","authors":"Daphne Pillay-Naidoo, P. Nel","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2022.2138542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2022.2138542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the indirect processes through which cognitive, emotional and behavioural assets function to explain resilience amongst women leaders in higher education institutions. Method A quantitative cross-sectional survey design with a sample of N = 255 women leaders from higher education institutions was employed. Results All the proposed indirect pathways were found to be statistically significant and explained a fair proportion of the variance in the resilience scores of women leaders. Results revealed that cognitive assets (self-efficacy and mindfulness) were associated with resilience through association with emotional assets (positive affect and self-regulation) and behavioural assets (problem-solving skills and authentic functioning), both individually and in serial. Conclusions This study offers support for the direct and indirect relationships between mindfulness, self-efficacy, self-regulation, positive affect, authentic functioning, problem solving skills and resilience. It further generates new insights into the indirect processes through which cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains of influence may explain resilience amongst women leaders. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Women leaders remain underrepresented in higher education institutions when compared to their male counterparts. Women leaders who possess higher levels of resilience are more likely to overcome the numerous barriers women face in higher education institutions when compared women leaders with lower levels of resilience. There is an established direct relationship between personal strengths such as self-efficacy, self-regulation and problem-solving ability and resilience. What this topic adds: By investigating the proposed indirect pathways and the interaction between cognitive, emotional and behavioural assets, this study offers a more nuanced approach to understanding the processes that lead to resilience. Using the cognitive-behavioural perspective of psychology as the theoretical framework to support the hypotheses proposed, this study expands the application of the cognitive behavioural model to explain resilience in the work context. This study offers support for a newly proposed model of cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains of influence on resilience.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45190531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2139196
C. Adams, E. Gringart, D. McAullay, Moira Sim, Brigitta Scarfe, Amy Budrikis, N. Strobel
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on access to mental health and social services among older adults in Western Australia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 194 adults aged ≥70 years or ≥60 years with chronic conditions. A questionnaire co-developed by a consumer reference group was used to collect data on social networks and service access. Frequency analyses were used to assess quantitative data. Qualitative data were assessed using thematic analyses. Results 62.7% of participants reported being not at all/slightly affected by COVID-19; 40.7% reported having three/four people to chat with. 76.3% of participants did not access mental health or social services during the 2020 COVID-19 restrictions. The remaining 23.7% mostly accessed mental health-related services, with GPs the most common source of support. 18.0% of the total sample reported choosing not to access services even though they would have liked to. Conclusions Most older adults in this sample did not access mental health or social care services. 18.0% of all participants felt they needed services but did not access them. This suggests there were some unmet needs within the community. Strengthening social networks may help protect older adults against psychosocial declines during and post-COVID-19. Key points What is already known about this topic: Older adults are at an increased risk of social isolation, loneliness, and mental health declines during COVID-19. COVID-19 has brought a substantial need for, and disruption to, mental health and social care services locally and globally. Services have had to change the way they deliver care, which has presented challenges in providing mental health and social support to older adults. What this topic adds: Most older adults did not access mental health or social care services during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. The greatest barriers to access were the belief that I “should be able to cope on my own” and a preference for face-to-face care. Local governments and community organisations play a key role in strengthening social networks and protecting older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing during and post-COVID-19.
{"title":"Older adults access to mental health and social care services during COVID-19 restrictions in Western Australia","authors":"C. Adams, E. Gringart, D. McAullay, Moira Sim, Brigitta Scarfe, Amy Budrikis, N. Strobel","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2022.2139196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2022.2139196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on access to mental health and social services among older adults in Western Australia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 194 adults aged ≥70 years or ≥60 years with chronic conditions. A questionnaire co-developed by a consumer reference group was used to collect data on social networks and service access. Frequency analyses were used to assess quantitative data. Qualitative data were assessed using thematic analyses. Results 62.7% of participants reported being not at all/slightly affected by COVID-19; 40.7% reported having three/four people to chat with. 76.3% of participants did not access mental health or social services during the 2020 COVID-19 restrictions. The remaining 23.7% mostly accessed mental health-related services, with GPs the most common source of support. 18.0% of the total sample reported choosing not to access services even though they would have liked to. Conclusions Most older adults in this sample did not access mental health or social care services. 18.0% of all participants felt they needed services but did not access them. This suggests there were some unmet needs within the community. Strengthening social networks may help protect older adults against psychosocial declines during and post-COVID-19. Key points What is already known about this topic: Older adults are at an increased risk of social isolation, loneliness, and mental health declines during COVID-19. COVID-19 has brought a substantial need for, and disruption to, mental health and social care services locally and globally. Services have had to change the way they deliver care, which has presented challenges in providing mental health and social support to older adults. What this topic adds: Most older adults did not access mental health or social care services during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. The greatest barriers to access were the belief that I “should be able to cope on my own” and a preference for face-to-face care. Local governments and community organisations play a key role in strengthening social networks and protecting older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing during and post-COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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