Australian Journal of Psychology最新文献

Background: Sleep disturbance is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), impacted by stress and academic/scheduling demands that conflict with biological phase delay. COVID-19 lockdowns allowed us to study sleep in AYAs when there are lessened scheduling demands. Additionally, we could test whether a sleep self-management app was helpful during lockdowns.

Method: AYAs (ages 15-24 years) before (Pre-Lockdown; n = 65) and during lockdowns in Canada (Lockdown; n = 40) completed sleep diaries on the app; set goals based on generated feedback; and completed more sleep diaries pursuing whatever post-feedback goals they set.

Results: The Lockdown group reported later and less variable rise times (RT) and spent more time in bed (TIB), both awake and asleep. Pre-Lockdown set a goal to reduce RT variability whereas Lockdown set a goal to decrease TIB, and AYAs made behaviour changes to meet their goals. For both groups, sleep onset, duration of awakenings, sleep duration and efficiency, and insomnia severity significantly improved at endpoint.

Conclusions: AYAs slept differently during lockdowns, perhaps due to decreased scheduling. The pandemic revealed the need for accessible strategies to improve sleep health. Findings support the feasibility of using evidence-based apps, and that AYAs can effectively use self-management tools across variable global and social contexts to improve their sleep.

Objective: There is a growing popularity in the worldwide use of schema therapy (ST) to address a variety of psychological disorders. Yet, research into the cultural suitability of ST is scarce. This study aimed to explore ST clinicians' experiences of the cultural suitability of ST.

Method: Eleven clinicians from nine countries were interviewed about their experiences of practising ST. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Two main themes, each with subthemes, were identified. The first theme was considerations for Cultural Context and Content: (i) Incongruence with Cultural Norms of Emotional Expression, (ii) "Maladaptive" or "Adaptive", But in What Context?, and (iii) Issues Related to Familism when Addressing Parent/Critic Modes. The second theme focused on clinicians' Cultural Competence: (i) Perceptions of Reduced Confidence and Competence in Providing Culturally Responsive Practice, and (ii) Clinicians' Cultural Values Impacting ST Delivery. Participants discussed strategies to improve the cultural-responsiveness of ST, suggesting areas for further development.

Conclusion: Present findings suggest that ST is not a one-size-fits-all approach, underscoring the need to improve the cultural responsiveness of ST, while better supporting clinicians to develop their cultural competence. Future research is needed to establish evidence-based cultural adaptations for ST.

Objective: Despite Paylater's increasing popularity in Indonesia, no research potentially has explored the influence of Paylater users' shopping motivation on purchase intention. This topic is important to research to create a healthier shopping environment for marketers and users. This paper presents two studies addressing this gap.

Method: Study 1 explored the values of shopping motivation influencing purchase intention in Indonesia using a non-experimental method with 299 participants aged from 18 to 40 years in Indonesia. Study 2 used experimental vignette methods to strengthen the first study's results. This study involved 752 participants with the same characteristics as Study 1.

Results: The results of Study 1 show that both utilitarian and hedonic motivations influence Paylater users' purchase intention in Indonesia, and all shopping motivation values positively influence utilitarian and hedonic motivations. In Study 2, we found that values of convenience, customisation, adventure/exploration and gratification affect the purchase intention of Paylater users in Indonesia.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate both motivations influence purchase intention, but hedonic has the most significant influence, and all shopping motivation values are significant. Therefore, each value can motivate Indonesian Paylater users' intention to purchase.

Key points: What is known about this topic.

Objective: Intertemporal decision-making ability refers to the ability of individuals to weigh costs and benefits at different time points and make choices, which is crucial for adolescents to resist temptation, improve self-control, and prospection. However, there are rarely studies that have been conducted to directly measure the intertemporal decision-making ability of adolescents.

Method: In this study, adolescents aged 9 to 15 years old were include to finish the measurement, and the intertemporal decision-making ability scale was developed based on three neural networks of intertemporal decision-making. After conducting the exploratory factor analysis, the final scale had 14 items in three dimensions.

Results: The results showed that the intertemporal decision-making ability scale for early adolescents contains three dimensions, namely, cognitive control, reward valuation, and prospection, with a total of 14 items.

Conclusion: The intertemporal decisionmaking ability scale developed in this study can effectively assess the intertemporal decisionmaking ability for early adolescents..

Objective: The study evaluated the potential of apple aroma to alleviate physiological stress response induced by a short-term cognitive stressor. It investigated the effects of apple aroma on cardiac and peripheral autonomic nervous system activity under stressful conditions.

Methods: Within-subject experiments were conducted with 25 healthy male university students with a 30-minute calculation task under three conditions: Apple, Chamomile (CHA), and Di propylene glycol (DPG) (scentless air). The aroma administration was precisely controlled and counterbalanced. Cardiac activity on electrocardiograms and nose tip temperature were recorded throughout the experiment. A visual analog scale and a scent questionnaire were subjective measures.

Results: Apple aroma demonstrated a significantly smaller increase in heart rate (t [24] = 3.36, p = 0.008 vs. DPG, t [24] = 4.06, p = 0.001 vs. CHA), and a decrease in the high-frequency component of heart rate variability (t [24] = 2.81, p = 0.029 vs. DPG, t [24] = 3.48, p = 0.006 vs. CHA) compared to the other conditions, representing a smaller enhancement of cardiac sympathetic nervous system activity and smaller suppression of cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity respectively.

Conclusion: Apple aroma showed efficacy in alleviating the physiological stress response in terms of cardiac activity. Apple was also considered significantly preferable and comfortable compared to the other conditions, which would be beneficial in the context of aromatherapy.

Objective: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is hindered by limited uptake, early drop-out and non-response. This pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of a mobile app as part of a blended approach to treating frontline workers experiencing PTSD.

Method: A single-group pre-post study was conducted with 10 adult frontline workers (firefighters, police, correctional workers) receiving trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for PTSD. Participants used an app (Support Base) designed to consolidate session content and encourage independent skills practice. At post-treatment, feasibility was assessed via app usage data and participant feedback, usability via the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire, and acceptability via items from the Mobile Application Rating Scale: user version.

Results: Usability ratings were above average and the app received an overall mean rating of 3.4/5. Despite generally positive attitudes towards using technology in therapy, participants had low levels of confidence/experience with wellbeing apps and almost half preferred using the standard treatment workbook. Clinicians highlighted a range of client barriers to app use, including difficulties in clinician/client collaboration. Overall, there was significant pre- to post-treatment improvement in clinical measures of PTSD and depression, but this change cannot be tied to app use.

Conclusions: Although Support Base was viewed by participants as usable and acceptable, there were feasibility issues which must be further considered in delivering this form of care. Due to the uncontrolled study design, any additive effects of the app beyond standard clinical treatment could not be assessed. The development of a more integrated blended care model is a potential avenue for future research.

Objective: There is currently a lack of intervention trials focusing on parent management strategies for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and smartphone addiction. The aim of the current study (ACTRN12622001355763) was to examine the efficacy of the Tech Diet Parent Program (TDPP), an online parent management video program, in reducing IGD and smartphone addiction symptoms and associated developmental impacts.

Method: A total of N = 689 parent participants (with school-aged children) completed baseline measures and 153 parents provided 6-week follow-up data after completing the TDPP.

Results: Fifty-nine percent had a child at baseline with high levels of IGD and/or smartphone addiction symptoms. At 6-week follow-up 60% of children with high levels of IGD symptoms and 32% of high levels of smartphone addiction were significantly lower post-program completion. Increased levels of program dosage and compliance were found to be important factors in reductions to IGD and smartphone addiction symptoms, particularly for the high symptom sample. Higher dosage and compliance was also correlated with a significant reduction in the negative developmental impacts of screen use on the children, notably in the sub-domains of physical/social development and education.

Conclusions: These findings have implications for utilising online parent management strategies for the prevention and intervention of both IGD and smartphone addiction, either as a stand-alone intervention or in conjunction with established individual treatments like CBT.