Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.810008
Matthieu de Castelbajac
It is generally assumed that crime victim surveys were almost simultaneously suggested by various American research organizations and a Finnish criminologist in the mid-1960s. This coincidence apparently fits the common sociological pattern of multiple inventions. With hindsight, surveying victims of crime seems so evident an idea that it is a mystery nobody thought of it before—that is, before nearly everybody did. This mystery, however, is entirely a product of our decision to lump together as the same invention unequal contributions to a very broad problem. This hindsight bias is dissected here, using a comparison of different contributions to the application of survey methods to the study of victims of crime. When we speak of multiple inventions, we treat unequal contributions as if they were equivalent, and we become insensitive to the reasons why some have fared better than others. Only by paying attention to these differences can we come to understand why, in the case at hand, American researchers finally brought about an idea with which their Scandinavian counterparts had been toying for two decades.
{"title":"The Difficulties of Invention: On the Multiple Invention of Crime Victim Surveys in Scandinavia and the US in the Post-War Era","authors":"Matthieu de Castelbajac","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.810008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.810008","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally assumed that crime victim surveys were almost simultaneously suggested by various American research organizations and a Finnish criminologist in the mid-1960s. This coincidence apparently fits the common sociological pattern of multiple inventions. With hindsight, surveying victims of crime seems so evident an idea that it is a mystery nobody thought of it before—that is, before nearly everybody did. This mystery, however, is entirely a product of our decision to lump together as the same invention unequal contributions to a very broad problem. This hindsight bias is dissected here, using a comparison of different contributions to the application of survey methods to the study of victims of crime. When we speak of multiple inventions, we treat unequal contributions as if they were equivalent, and we become insensitive to the reasons why some have fared better than others. Only by paying attention to these differences can we come to understand why, in the case at hand, American researchers finally brought about an idea with which their Scandinavian counterparts had been toying for two decades.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"133 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.810008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.794999
Anna Heinonen, Noora Ellonen
This study examined the association between disability status and the risk of disciplinary violence at the hands of parents. The data consist of a nationally representative sample of 12–13 and 15–16-year-old Finnish school children (n = 13,459). These representative data were collected by the Police College of Finland. The results show that having a visual impairment, mental health problems, learning and/or memory difficulties, or another chronic illness, such as asthma, is associated with an increased risk of disciplinary violence. Children with multiple disabilities were significantly more likely to be targets of disciplinary violence. These findings suggest that children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to maltreatment.
{"title":"Are Children with Disabilities and Long-term Illnesses at Increased Risk of Disciplinary Violence?","authors":"Anna Heinonen, Noora Ellonen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.794999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.794999","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the association between disability status and the risk of disciplinary violence at the hands of parents. The data consist of a nationally representative sample of 12–13 and 15–16-year-old Finnish school children (n = 13,459). These representative data were collected by the Police College of Finland. The results show that having a visual impairment, mental health problems, learning and/or memory difficulties, or another chronic illness, such as asthma, is associated with an increased risk of disciplinary violence. Children with multiple disabilities were significantly more likely to be targets of disciplinary violence. These findings suggest that children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to maltreatment.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"172 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.794999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.797244
M. Vuori, Atte Oksanen, P. Räsänen
This study examines how adult populations express fear of mass violence in two Finnish local communities that have both faced school shooting incidents. The main focus is on the respondents' fear about the recurrence of school shootings. Our hypothesis is that socio-demographic factors, crime victimization, and depressive mood explain individual variation in fear of mass violence. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data (n = 1,266). The postal surveys were collected from the Jokela and Kauhajoki local communities approximately 6 and 18 months after the school shooting incidents had taken place in 2007 and 2008. Descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis are used as analysis methods. The results highlight that fear of mass violence was associated with the female gender, low income, and households with school-aged children. Young women aged 18–34 were among the most concerned, whereas young men aged 18–34 were the least concerned, also when compared to older males. Finally, the individuals who knew a victim of the incident or reported depressive mood were twice as likely to express worry about crime compared to others. The findings support earlier findings on socio-demographic variation in fear of crime. However, the findings have important contextual significance, as in recent years we have seen collective-targeted attacks in small communities in many European countries and in the United States.
{"title":"Fear of Crime in Local Communities after School Shootings","authors":"M. Vuori, Atte Oksanen, P. Räsänen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.797244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.797244","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how adult populations express fear of mass violence in two Finnish local communities that have both faced school shooting incidents. The main focus is on the respondents' fear about the recurrence of school shootings. Our hypothesis is that socio-demographic factors, crime victimization, and depressive mood explain individual variation in fear of mass violence. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data (n = 1,266). The postal surveys were collected from the Jokela and Kauhajoki local communities approximately 6 and 18 months after the school shooting incidents had taken place in 2007 and 2008. Descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis are used as analysis methods. The results highlight that fear of mass violence was associated with the female gender, low income, and households with school-aged children. Young women aged 18–34 were among the most concerned, whereas young men aged 18–34 were the least concerned, also when compared to older males. Finally, the individuals who knew a victim of the incident or reported depressive mood were twice as likely to express worry about crime compared to others. The findings support earlier findings on socio-demographic variation in fear of crime. However, the findings have important contextual significance, as in recent years we have seen collective-targeted attacks in small communities in many European countries and in the United States.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"154 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.797244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.832913
Kristina Jerre
The intention of this study was to develop an understanding of the views of the public on, first, what the objective(s) of society's reaction to crime should be and, second, how different types of sanctions are perceived as being able to fulfil these objectives. A thematic analysis was conducted on the basis of transcripts of group interviews. The participants argued that society's reaction should signal condemnation of the crime and at the same time be beneficial in relation to the resocialization of the offender. Sanctions that were perceived to fulfil the signalling of condemnation, i.e. tangible custodial sanctions, were described as being counter-productive in relation to the resocialization of the offender. On the other hand, the signal of caring for the offender was perceived as having a neutralizing effect on the signal of condemnation. For the objective of society's reaction to be fulfilled it thus has to give the illusion of being tangible and harsh but at the same time, in reality, must serve as an effective, lasting deterrent to the offender. It is suggested that the contradictions and tensions surrounding the objectives of society's reaction to crime, and the issue of how these contradictions might be considered when framing crime policy, should be opened up as a matter for discussion in the public debate.
{"title":"Contradictory Expectations on Society's Reaction to Crime. A Qualitative Study of How People View the Objectives of Society's Reaction to Crime and How These Objectives Can Be Fulfilled","authors":"Kristina Jerre","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.832913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.832913","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of this study was to develop an understanding of the views of the public on, first, what the objective(s) of society's reaction to crime should be and, second, how different types of sanctions are perceived as being able to fulfil these objectives. A thematic analysis was conducted on the basis of transcripts of group interviews. The participants argued that society's reaction should signal condemnation of the crime and at the same time be beneficial in relation to the resocialization of the offender. Sanctions that were perceived to fulfil the signalling of condemnation, i.e. tangible custodial sanctions, were described as being counter-productive in relation to the resocialization of the offender. On the other hand, the signal of caring for the offender was perceived as having a neutralizing effect on the signal of condemnation. For the objective of society's reaction to be fulfilled it thus has to give the illusion of being tangible and harsh but at the same time, in reality, must serve as an effective, lasting deterrent to the offender. It is suggested that the contradictions and tensions surrounding the objectives of society's reaction to crime, and the issue of how these contradictions might be considered when framing crime policy, should be opened up as a matter for discussion in the public debate.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"114 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.832913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.845353
A. Bruhn
In Sweden, female prison officers are a long-established fact. Today women make up about 38% of the prison officer work-force. However, the distribution of sexes in the organization is quite uneven between different types of prison wings and units, and at the in-group level there is an informal gendered division of labour going on. The article deals with how a gendered division of labour comes about as a result of socially established motives and notions among prison officers, as well as prisoners, about men's and women's different qualities in performing different types of work tasks. It is based on data from a minor interview study (from 2006), and a 3-year multi-strategic research project containing qualitative case-studies and a nationwide survey (from 2007–2009). The article concludes that a great number of female officers contribute to a more prominent position for the rehabilitative side of prison work. However, the on-going gendered division of labour in and between wings and units is also one important factor behind sub-cultural differentiation and variations in work practices in the prison organization. A more balanced distribution of the sexes would stimulate rehabilitative work and a more unified view of the occupational role throughout the whole organization.
{"title":"Gender Relations and Division of Labour among Prison Officers in Swedish Male Prisons","authors":"A. Bruhn","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.845353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.845353","url":null,"abstract":"In Sweden, female prison officers are a long-established fact. Today women make up about 38% of the prison officer work-force. However, the distribution of sexes in the organization is quite uneven between different types of prison wings and units, and at the in-group level there is an informal gendered division of labour going on. The article deals with how a gendered division of labour comes about as a result of socially established motives and notions among prison officers, as well as prisoners, about men's and women's different qualities in performing different types of work tasks. It is based on data from a minor interview study (from 2006), and a 3-year multi-strategic research project containing qualitative case-studies and a nationwide survey (from 2007–2009). The article concludes that a great number of female officers contribute to a more prominent position for the rehabilitative side of prison work. However, the on-going gendered division of labour in and between wings and units is also one important factor behind sub-cultural differentiation and variations in work practices in the prison organization. A more balanced distribution of the sexes would stimulate rehabilitative work and a more unified view of the occupational role throughout the whole organization.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"115 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.845353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.805048
Reino Sirén, J. Savolainen
International literature on prison effects on recidivism tends to find little evidence of specific deterrence. If anything, imprisonment seems more likely to increase than decrease rates of offending. The present study adds to this literature by examining imprisonment and recidivism in Finland, a nation characterized by an exceptionally moderate penal culture. It has been suggested that severe sanctions need to be imposed selectively in order for them to be effective. In this research, we estimated the impact of first imprisonment on recidivism in comparison with offenders sentenced to either suspended imprisonment or community service. Using data from government population registries, we controlled for a large number of legal and extra-legal confounding factors, including criminal history and socio-demographic characteristics. We found no evidence of reduced recidivism as a result of imprisonment. Instead, consistent with prior research, we find evidence of increased recidivism in certain offender categories. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.
{"title":"No Evidence of Specific Deterrence under Penal Moderation: Imprisonment and Recidivism in Finland","authors":"Reino Sirén, J. Savolainen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.805048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.805048","url":null,"abstract":"International literature on prison effects on recidivism tends to find little evidence of specific deterrence. If anything, imprisonment seems more likely to increase than decrease rates of offending. The present study adds to this literature by examining imprisonment and recidivism in Finland, a nation characterized by an exceptionally moderate penal culture. It has been suggested that severe sanctions need to be imposed selectively in order for them to be effective. In this research, we estimated the impact of first imprisonment on recidivism in comparison with offenders sentenced to either suspended imprisonment or community service. Using data from government population registries, we controlled for a large number of legal and extra-legal confounding factors, including criminal history and socio-demographic characteristics. We found no evidence of reduced recidivism as a result of imprisonment. Instead, consistent with prior research, we find evidence of increased recidivism in certain offender categories. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"80 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.805048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.837267
Mikko Aaltonen, Venla Salmi
While illegal downloading of copyrighted content from the Internet is a very common form of law-breaking, it has attracted relatively little attention among criminologists. Using the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Survey 2012 (n = 4,855), the current study analyses the overlap between traditional juvenile crime and intensity of illegal downloading, and examines the determinants of illegal downloading in light of control theories. Despite the fact that the majority of youths download, the intensity of downloading has a strong positive association with other forms of delinquency. Measures of self-control and parental social control emerge as significant predictors of frequent downloading.
{"title":"Versatile Delinquents or Specialized Pirates? A Comparison of Correlates of Illegal Downloading and Traditional Juvenile Crime","authors":"Mikko Aaltonen, Venla Salmi","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.837267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.837267","url":null,"abstract":"While illegal downloading of copyrighted content from the Internet is a very common form of law-breaking, it has attracted relatively little attention among criminologists. Using the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Survey 2012 (n = 4,855), the current study analyses the overlap between traditional juvenile crime and intensity of illegal downloading, and examines the determinants of illegal downloading in light of control theories. Despite the fact that the majority of youths download, the intensity of downloading has a strong positive association with other forms of delinquency. Measures of self-control and parental social control emerge as significant predictors of frequent downloading.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"188 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.837267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-01DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.773759
Erling Johannes HusabØ
This article explains how the last decade's eagerness to fight terrorism has moved Nordic legislators to extend the police's powers to inquire into the preparation of crimes in order to prevent them from being committed. Special attention is given to the use of covert, coercive methods such as communication surveillance and audio surveillance of private rooms. The expansion of police powers stems from the cumulate effect of the criminalization of acts preparatory to terrorism, the introduction of new types of covert investigation methods, and (in Norway, Finland, and Sweden) the partial removal of the traditional threshold of a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act. The effects go far beyond the field of terrorism. New law proposals in the aftermath of the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway suggest that the pressure towards more proactive use of covert police methods will continue. Finally, two basic premises of this development are discussed. The assumption that further expansions will substantially contribute to the prevention of terrorism suffers from a lack of scientific basis. Legal safeguards such as court control of individual decisions and the establishment of intelligence oversight boards can only to a limited extent counterbalance the interference with the right to respect for private life.
{"title":"Counterterrorism and the Expansion of Proactive Police Powers in the Nordic States","authors":"Erling Johannes HusabØ","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.773759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.773759","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains how the last decade's eagerness to fight terrorism has moved Nordic legislators to extend the police's powers to inquire into the preparation of crimes in order to prevent them from being committed. Special attention is given to the use of covert, coercive methods such as communication surveillance and audio surveillance of private rooms. The expansion of police powers stems from the cumulate effect of the criminalization of acts preparatory to terrorism, the introduction of new types of covert investigation methods, and (in Norway, Finland, and Sweden) the partial removal of the traditional threshold of a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act. The effects go far beyond the field of terrorism. New law proposals in the aftermath of the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway suggest that the pressure towards more proactive use of covert police methods will continue. Finally, two basic premises of this development are discussed. The assumption that further expansions will substantially contribute to the prevention of terrorism suffers from a lack of scientific basis. Legal safeguards such as court control of individual decisions and the establishment of intelligence oversight boards can only to a limited extent counterbalance the interference with the right to respect for private life.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"23 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.773759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.771912
Janne Flyghed
Throughout history, those in power have monitored and exercised control over individuals and groups who have been perceived as representing some form of threat to their power. Irrespective of the system of government in place, political crime is a matter of central interest to a society's security police. Political crimes are often committed by extra-parliamentary groups or organizations. The focus of this paper is how the Swedish secret police (SÄPO) have acted against what they have perceived as the extreme left, mainly anarchists and autonomists, during and after the cold war. Did SÄPO's perception of this part of the extra-parliamentary opposition change when the cold war was over in the early 1990s? Were these groups and individuals perceived as the new enemy in the threat vacuum that temporarily arose in the aftermath of the cold war? Furthermore, had the new security concept that was introduced at that time any impact on SÄPO's activities?
{"title":"Policing of Political Protest. The Security Police's Control of the Extra-parliamentary Opposition in Sweden During and after the Cold War","authors":"Janne Flyghed","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.771912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.771912","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, those in power have monitored and exercised control over individuals and groups who have been perceived as representing some form of threat to their power. Irrespective of the system of government in place, political crime is a matter of central interest to a society's security police. Political crimes are often committed by extra-parliamentary groups or organizations. The focus of this paper is how the Swedish secret police (SÄPO) have acted against what they have perceived as the extreme left, mainly anarchists and autonomists, during and after the cold war. Did SÄPO's perception of this part of the extra-parliamentary opposition change when the cold war was over in the early 1990s? Were these groups and individuals perceived as the new enemy in the threat vacuum that temporarily arose in the aftermath of the cold war? Furthermore, had the new security concept that was introduced at that time any impact on SÄPO's activities?","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"81 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.771912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2013.773693
José Luis Díez-Ripollés
This study intends to implement analytical tools in the field of comparative criminal justice policy. According to this goal, the author chooses the social inclusion/social exclusion dimension as the comparative framework, to the detriment of widely accepted high punitiveness/low punitiveness. A set of common policies and practices have been selected, as long as they are to some extent enforced in different national crime control systems across the industrialized world. They should materialize as indicators predicting either social exclusive or social exclusive outcomes. Thereafter, the author proposes to build a scale on the social inclusion/social exclusion dimension, where national crime control systems will be placed according to the aforementioned indicators. In each extreme of the scale one would hypothetically find one of the two most current antagonistic national crime control systems, that is, the Nordic European countries on the one side and the United States of America on the other. The study concludes by confronting possible methodological objections.
{"title":"Social Inclusion and Comparative Criminal Justice Policy","authors":"José Luis Díez-Ripollés","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2013.773693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2013.773693","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to implement analytical tools in the field of comparative criminal justice policy. According to this goal, the author chooses the social inclusion/social exclusion dimension as the comparative framework, to the detriment of widely accepted high punitiveness/low punitiveness. A set of common policies and practices have been selected, as long as they are to some extent enforced in different national crime control systems across the industrialized world. They should materialize as indicators predicting either social exclusive or social exclusive outcomes. Thereafter, the author proposes to build a scale on the social inclusion/social exclusion dimension, where national crime control systems will be placed according to the aforementioned indicators. In each extreme of the scale one would hypothetically find one of the two most current antagonistic national crime control systems, that is, the Nordic European countries on the one side and the United States of America on the other. The study concludes by confronting possible methodological objections.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"14 1","pages":"62 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2013.773693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60277179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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