Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.plm.20210502.16
Gudisa Bereda
: Shock is a state of resulting from an indented state of multiple important body works owing to decreased tissue perfusion. It is a circumstance that could menace life. Progressive stage of shock means failing compensatory mechanisms and the body’s compensatory mechanisms weaken to vindicate tissue perfusion. Hypovolemic shock is a circumstance of insufficient organ perfusion caused by destruction of intravascular volume, ordinarily acute. Distributive shock is a state of comparative hypovolemia sequencing from affiliated to pathology spread to other areas of the perfect intravascular volume and is more common form of shock. Dextran has considerable merits over distinctive types of colloids for the initial shock treatment owing to its antithrombotic properties whereby cell satisfactory is obviated and the occurrence of systematic circulations is decisively de-escalated. Drugs that de-escalate the hearts workload and pain such as morphine or fentanyl relieve anxiety or regulate heart rhythm. Vasopressor medications such as dopamine, norepinephrine, which are medications that constrict blood vessels and assists, escalate blood pressure. High amount of IV fluids very quickly and bestowing medications that will escalate the blood pressure to escalate blood flow to the rest of the body and organs.
{"title":"Shock: Pathophysiology, Stage, Classification, and Treatment","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.11648/j.plm.20210502.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20210502.16","url":null,"abstract":": Shock is a state of resulting from an indented state of multiple important body works owing to decreased tissue perfusion. It is a circumstance that could menace life. Progressive stage of shock means failing compensatory mechanisms and the body’s compensatory mechanisms weaken to vindicate tissue perfusion. Hypovolemic shock is a circumstance of insufficient organ perfusion caused by destruction of intravascular volume, ordinarily acute. Distributive shock is a state of comparative hypovolemia sequencing from affiliated to pathology spread to other areas of the perfect intravascular volume and is more common form of shock. Dextran has considerable merits over distinctive types of colloids for the initial shock treatment owing to its antithrombotic properties whereby cell satisfactory is obviated and the occurrence of systematic circulations is decisively de-escalated. Drugs that de-escalate the hearts workload and pain such as morphine or fentanyl relieve anxiety or regulate heart rhythm. Vasopressor medications such as dopamine, norepinephrine, which are medications that constrict blood vessels and assists, escalate blood pressure. High amount of IV fluids very quickly and bestowing medications that will escalate the blood pressure to escalate blood flow to the rest of the body and organs.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83705019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) account for 2–6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most useful diagnostic methods for clinicians. FNAC is utilized for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions initially. This study was undertaken to evaluate the various cytomorphological features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of salivary gland as diagnosed by FNAC. Materials and Methods: This prospective, analytical study was done for a period of 18 months from January 1, 2014 to June 31, 2016 at the Universal College of the Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Nepal. A total of 81 FNAC samples were collected from patients with salivary gland swelling. The lesions were evaluated cytologically and correlations with histopathological follow-up data were acquired in 31 cases. All statistical analyses were performed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 24). Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were evaluated and compared to that of biopsy. Results: Out of the 81 cases studied, females of 21–30 years of age were the most commonly affected. The most common site of involvement was the parotid gland, with a frequency of 66.7%, the predominant benign lesion diagnosed cytologically was pleomorphic adenoma (PA), with a frequency of 51.84%, and the most common malignant lesion diagnosed was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), with a frequency of 9.88%. Of the total (N=81), 19.75% were of pediatric and 80.25% were in the adult age group. Within the pediatric age group, all the lesions diagnosed by FNAC were benign, with the most common lesion being PA. In the total cases evaluated for FNAC, biopsy sample was collected from 31 cases for histological correlation, with 90.32% corroborating the FNAC diagnosis. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that FNAC is a very useful, rapid, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool for salivary gland lesions that can be utilized for subsequent therapeutic case management.
背景:唾液腺肿瘤(sgt)占所有头颈部肿瘤的2-6.5%，细针吸细胞学(FNAC)是临床医生最有用的诊断方法之一。FNAC最初用于评估可疑的唾液腺病变。本研究旨在评价FNAC诊断的唾液腺非肿瘤性和肿瘤性病变的各种细胞形态学特征。材料和方法:本前瞻性分析性研究于2014年1月1日至2016年6月31日在尼泊尔Bhairahawa的Universal College of the Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH)进行，为期18个月。共采集唾液腺肿胀患者FNAC样本81份。对31例的病变进行细胞学评估，并与组织病理学随访资料进行相关性分析。所有统计分析均使用SPSS (statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件(version 24)进行。评估FNAC的敏感性和特异性，并与活检进行比较。结果:81例病例中，21-30岁的女性最常见。最常见的受累部位为腮腺，频率为66.7%，细胞学上诊断的良性病变以多形性腺瘤(PA)为主，频率为51.84%，恶性病变以粘液表皮样癌(MEC)最常见，频率为9.88%。其中小儿19.75%，成人80.25% (N=81)。在儿童年龄组中，FNAC诊断的病变均为良性，最常见的病变为PA。在FNAC评估的病例中，31例活检标本进行组织学相关性分析，90.32%的病例证实了FNAC的诊断。结论:本研究表明FNAC是一种非常有用、快速、微创的唾液腺病变诊断工具，可用于后续的治疗病例管理。
{"title":"Evaluation of Salivary Gland Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Nepal","authors":"A. Poudel, B. Shrestha, S. Regmi","doi":"10.2147/PLMI.S266866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PLMI.S266866","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) account for 2–6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most useful diagnostic methods for clinicians. FNAC is utilized for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions initially. This study was undertaken to evaluate the various cytomorphological features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of salivary gland as diagnosed by FNAC. Materials and Methods: This prospective, analytical study was done for a period of 18 months from January 1, 2014 to June 31, 2016 at the Universal College of the Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Nepal. A total of 81 FNAC samples were collected from patients with salivary gland swelling. The lesions were evaluated cytologically and correlations with histopathological follow-up data were acquired in 31 cases. All statistical analyses were performed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 24). Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were evaluated and compared to that of biopsy. Results: Out of the 81 cases studied, females of 21–30 years of age were the most commonly affected. The most common site of involvement was the parotid gland, with a frequency of 66.7%, the predominant benign lesion diagnosed cytologically was pleomorphic adenoma (PA), with a frequency of 51.84%, and the most common malignant lesion diagnosed was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), with a frequency of 9.88%. Of the total (N=81), 19.75% were of pediatric and 80.25% were in the adult age group. Within the pediatric age group, all the lesions diagnosed by FNAC were benign, with the most common lesion being PA. In the total cases evaluated for FNAC, biopsy sample was collected from 31 cases for histological correlation, with 90.32% corroborating the FNAC diagnosis. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that FNAC is a very useful, rapid, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool for salivary gland lesions that can be utilized for subsequent therapeutic case management.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-23DOI: 10.11648/J.PLM.20200401.12
T. Tadesse, Belay Zawdie
Cholera is becoming a big problem in the world especially in African region including Ethiopia. The disease is very common in areas where there is inequity and lack of social development. The diseases affected the whole districts of the kirkos-sub-city, Addis Ababa. Hence, we are enforced to assess risk factors associated with cholera. Unmatched 1:2 case-control study on 50 confirmed cases and 100 controls was conducted from June 09, 2016 to September 2016. Data were collected through direct interviews using semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Two data collectors and one supervisor were involved in data collection. Cases were selected from cholera treatment center line list and controls were selected from neighborhood of case using lottery method. Data were entered by Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Logistic regression was used to compute the crude and adjusted odds ratios for the factors associated with acquiring the AWD. A p-value of < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered to be statistically significant. The median and mode age in the study groups was 35.5 and 60 years old respectively with interquartile range from 28 to 54.25 years. The highest peak period for the outbreak was on July 4, 2016. Eating partially roasted meat [AOR=4.14, CI=1.11-15.46] and being male [AOR=8.57, CI=2.21-33.25] had significantly associated with the risk factors of accruing cholera. Whereas, regular hand washing with soap after defecation [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.91], treating water before drinking by aqua tabs [AOR=0.08, CI=0.01-0.95] and boiling [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.95] disposing house hold refuse at municipal site [AOR=0.11, CI=0.02-0.69] were protective against cholera. Eating partially roasted meat, regular hand washing with soap after defecation, disposing house hold refuse at municipal site, treating water before drinking by aqua tabs and boiling were possible risk factors associated with the outbreak. Hence, water, sanitation and hygiene offices should strictly work on the hygiene and availability of safe water at all levels.
{"title":"Cholera Outbreak Investigation in Four Districts of Kirkos Sub-city in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"T. Tadesse, Belay Zawdie","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20200401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20200401.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera is becoming a big problem in the world especially in African region including Ethiopia. The disease is very common in areas where there is inequity and lack of social development. The diseases affected the whole districts of the kirkos-sub-city, Addis Ababa. Hence, we are enforced to assess risk factors associated with cholera. Unmatched 1:2 case-control study on 50 confirmed cases and 100 controls was conducted from June 09, 2016 to September 2016. Data were collected through direct interviews using semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Two data collectors and one supervisor were involved in data collection. Cases were selected from cholera treatment center line list and controls were selected from neighborhood of case using lottery method. Data were entered by Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Logistic regression was used to compute the crude and adjusted odds ratios for the factors associated with acquiring the AWD. A p-value of < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered to be statistically significant. The median and mode age in the study groups was 35.5 and 60 years old respectively with interquartile range from 28 to 54.25 years. The highest peak period for the outbreak was on July 4, 2016. Eating partially roasted meat [AOR=4.14, CI=1.11-15.46] and being male [AOR=8.57, CI=2.21-33.25] had significantly associated with the risk factors of accruing cholera. Whereas, regular hand washing with soap after defecation [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.91], treating water before drinking by aqua tabs [AOR=0.08, CI=0.01-0.95] and boiling [AOR=0.23, CI=0.06-0.95] disposing house hold refuse at municipal site [AOR=0.11, CI=0.02-0.69] were protective against cholera. Eating partially roasted meat, regular hand washing with soap after defecation, disposing house hold refuse at municipal site, treating water before drinking by aqua tabs and boiling were possible risk factors associated with the outbreak. Hence, water, sanitation and hygiene offices should strictly work on the hygiene and availability of safe water at all levels.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83464113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-21700/v1
Fraol Jaleta, G. Garoma, Tadesse Gerenfes
Back ground: Prompt and accurate malaria diagnosis is essential strategies for effective malaria case management as well as the public health response to malaria. Diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of malaria microscopy diagnosis public hospitals of Eastern and Central part Oromia, Ethiopia Method : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March, 2019 to May, 2019. All 46 public hospitals of 12 zones in Eastern and Central parts of Oromia, Ethiopia were included in the study. Data were collected using Semi structured questionnaire and known validated positive and negative slides with different species, stage and parasite density distributed to each health facility. It was categorized and cleaned by Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 with multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with poor malaria microscopy diagnosis. Level of agreement was calculated by Kappa statistics. Results: From the total of 46 hospitals , 31 (67.39%) had acceptable quality performance with cumulative grading score of > 80%. The overall percentage of agreement in detection and species identification was 80.45% (Kappa=0.79) and 63.03% (Kappa=0. 38). Laboratory professionals who had work experience greater than five years were 10.56 times better in detecting and identifying malaria parasite when compared to those who had work experience less than or equal to five years (AOR [95%CI]=10.56[1.45-76.73]) . Laboratory professionals who were trained on malaria microscopy diagnosis were 1.28 times reported better quality results than those who were not trained (AOR, % 95CI=1.28[1.5-48.13]) Conclusion: The overall agreement of laboratory professionals in detection and species identification was with substantial and fair with kappa value 0.79 and 0.38 respectively. There were also gaps in correctly reporting stages identification and parasite count from distributed slides. Lack of Training and low work experience of laboratory professionals were factors associated with malaria microscopy diagnostic performance. Hence, capacitating laboratory professionals is essential to ensure good performance of malaria microscopy which reduces misdiagnosis of malaria parasites and mistreatment of malaria suspected patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of Malaria Microscopy Diagnosis Performance in Public Hospitals of Eastern and Central Part of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019","authors":"Fraol Jaleta, G. Garoma, Tadesse Gerenfes","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-21700/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-21700/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Back ground: Prompt and accurate malaria diagnosis is essential strategies for effective malaria case management as well as the public health response to malaria. Diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of malaria microscopy diagnosis public hospitals of Eastern and Central part Oromia, Ethiopia Method : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March, 2019 to May, 2019. All 46 public hospitals of 12 zones in Eastern and Central parts of Oromia, Ethiopia were included in the study. Data were collected using Semi structured questionnaire and known validated positive and negative slides with different species, stage and parasite density distributed to each health facility. It was categorized and cleaned by Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 with multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with poor malaria microscopy diagnosis. Level of agreement was calculated by Kappa statistics. Results: From the total of 46 hospitals , 31 (67.39%) had acceptable quality performance with cumulative grading score of > 80%. The overall percentage of agreement in detection and species identification was 80.45% (Kappa=0.79) and 63.03% (Kappa=0. 38). Laboratory professionals who had work experience greater than five years were 10.56 times better in detecting and identifying malaria parasite when compared to those who had work experience less than or equal to five years (AOR [95%CI]=10.56[1.45-76.73]) . Laboratory professionals who were trained on malaria microscopy diagnosis were 1.28 times reported better quality results than those who were not trained (AOR, % 95CI=1.28[1.5-48.13]) Conclusion: The overall agreement of laboratory professionals in detection and species identification was with substantial and fair with kappa value 0.79 and 0.38 respectively. There were also gaps in correctly reporting stages identification and parasite count from distributed slides. Lack of Training and low work experience of laboratory professionals were factors associated with malaria microscopy diagnostic performance. Hence, capacitating laboratory professionals is essential to ensure good performance of malaria microscopy which reduces misdiagnosis of malaria parasites and mistreatment of malaria suspected patients.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46169235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-03DOI: 10.11648/J.PLM.20190302.11
Victor Rodrigues Ribeiro Ferreira, Maria C. V. B. Braile‐Sternieri, Eliana Migliorini Mustafa, S. B. Sabino, Cibele Olegário Vianna Queiroz, Bethina Canaroli Sbardellini, G. B. Sternieri, Luiza Braile Verdi, I. Filho, D. Braile
Introduction: Myocarditis (MC) can result from a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes, and the secondary MC due to viral infection is the most prevalent form. Acute and nonfatal MC, on the other hand, has a more indolent presentation with mortality up to 20.0% in the first year and 55.0% at 11 years based on the initial diagnosis of acute MC. The diagnostic evaluation of MC is done initially through clinical suspicion, together with non-invasive diagnostic methods. In this sense, we highlight the Echocardiography with Strain. Objective: to present the importance of the early diagnosis of myocarditis through the images obtained by the Strain Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Case report: The CBB patient, 25 years old, female, with no known diagnosis, reports that two weeks ago the patient had started upper airway infection with partial improvement after specific antimicrobial treatment. The hemogram revealed normocytic and normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with predominance of segmented. C-reactive protein was elevated and markers of myocardial ischemia were also altered. Strain echocardiography revealed segmental alterations of the endomyocardial deformation with reduction of the longitudinal Strain in the middle inferolateral and middle anterolateral segments. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed late focal mesoepicardial enhancement, of small extension, in the midbasal inferolateral segment, suggestive of MC. Final considerations: In conclusion the study made it possible to know that the early diagnosis of myocarditis through the image obtained by the Strain Echocardiography showed the inflammatory process in the same region observed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This was added to the hemogram, reactive protein, and to the markers of myocardial ischemia.
{"title":"Importance of Strain Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Early Diagnosis of Myocarditis","authors":"Victor Rodrigues Ribeiro Ferreira, Maria C. V. B. Braile‐Sternieri, Eliana Migliorini Mustafa, S. B. Sabino, Cibele Olegário Vianna Queiroz, Bethina Canaroli Sbardellini, G. B. Sternieri, Luiza Braile Verdi, I. Filho, D. Braile","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20190302.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20190302.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Myocarditis (MC) can result from a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes, and the secondary MC due to viral infection is the most prevalent form. Acute and nonfatal MC, on the other hand, has a more indolent presentation with mortality up to 20.0% in the first year and 55.0% at 11 years based on the initial diagnosis of acute MC. The diagnostic evaluation of MC is done initially through clinical suspicion, together with non-invasive diagnostic methods. In this sense, we highlight the Echocardiography with Strain. Objective: to present the importance of the early diagnosis of myocarditis through the images obtained by the Strain Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Case report: The CBB patient, 25 years old, female, with no known diagnosis, reports that two weeks ago the patient had started upper airway infection with partial improvement after specific antimicrobial treatment. The hemogram revealed normocytic and normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with predominance of segmented. C-reactive protein was elevated and markers of myocardial ischemia were also altered. Strain echocardiography revealed segmental alterations of the endomyocardial deformation with reduction of the longitudinal Strain in the middle inferolateral and middle anterolateral segments. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed late focal mesoepicardial enhancement, of small extension, in the midbasal inferolateral segment, suggestive of MC. Final considerations: In conclusion the study made it possible to know that the early diagnosis of myocarditis through the image obtained by the Strain Echocardiography showed the inflammatory process in the same region observed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This was added to the hemogram, reactive protein, and to the markers of myocardial ischemia.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82267303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.14
Zohair Ait Ouzdi, Y. Ahroui, Y. Zemrani, Y. Darouassi, H. Ammar, E. Mezouari, R. Moutaj
Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco)","authors":"Zohair Ait Ouzdi, Y. Ahroui, Y. Zemrani, Y. Darouassi, H. Ammar, E. Mezouari, R. Moutaj","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.14","url":null,"abstract":"Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91345565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Prabhakaran, G. Xing, A. Hocking, M. Hussey, D. Henderson, S. Klebe
Purpose: Classi fi cation of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, is important both in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Use of appropriate markers for this identi fi cation is crucial in order to conserve patient tissue for further molecular testing that could guide treatment decisions and have prognostic implications. Patients and methods: We constructed tissue microarrays from archival resections of 200 NSCLC that were previously subtyped based on morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in some cases. We performed IHC with three TTF-1 clones (SP141, SPT24 and 8G7G3/1), Napsin A, p40, p63 and CK5/6 and panels of four or two markers that best help identify adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were ascertained. Results: Our results showed that the best four-marker panel utilized TTF-1 (clone SP141), Napsin A, p63 and CK5/6 with a sensitivity of 98.3% and high speci fi city of 91.7%. The best two-marker panel was TTF-1 (clone SP141) and p63 with 96.5% sensitivity and 85.71% speci fi city. Conclusion: As there are variations in the performance of different clones of TTF-1 IHC antibodies, the clone chosen can increase the diagnostic value in differentiating adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. In the panels analyzed, the survival of cases concordant with the diagnosis had longer survival compared to those that were discordant. The difference was however not statistically signi fi cant ( p >0.05). a on panels of antibodies that work in lung carcinomas. We have collected tissue from patients who were previously diagnosed and we performed immunohistochemistry with panels of antibodies. Our results show that the best four marker panel utilized the antibodies TTF-1 (clone SP141), Napsin A, p63 and CK5/6. The best two marker panel was TTF-1 (clone SP141) and p63.
{"title":"A comparison of diagnostic panels in the immunohistochemical analysis of lung cancer","authors":"S. Prabhakaran, G. Xing, A. Hocking, M. Hussey, D. Henderson, S. Klebe","doi":"10.2147/plmi.s204421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/plmi.s204421","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Classi fi cation of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, is important both in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Use of appropriate markers for this identi fi cation is crucial in order to conserve patient tissue for further molecular testing that could guide treatment decisions and have prognostic implications. Patients and methods: We constructed tissue microarrays from archival resections of 200 NSCLC that were previously subtyped based on morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in some cases. We performed IHC with three TTF-1 clones (SP141, SPT24 and 8G7G3/1), Napsin A, p40, p63 and CK5/6 and panels of four or two markers that best help identify adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were ascertained. Results: Our results showed that the best four-marker panel utilized TTF-1 (clone SP141), Napsin A, p63 and CK5/6 with a sensitivity of 98.3% and high speci fi city of 91.7%. The best two-marker panel was TTF-1 (clone SP141) and p63 with 96.5% sensitivity and 85.71% speci fi city. Conclusion: As there are variations in the performance of different clones of TTF-1 IHC antibodies, the clone chosen can increase the diagnostic value in differentiating adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. In the panels analyzed, the survival of cases concordant with the diagnosis had longer survival compared to those that were discordant. The difference was however not statistically signi fi cant ( p >0.05). a on panels of antibodies that work in lung carcinomas. We have collected tissue from patients who were previously diagnosed and we performed immunohistochemistry with panels of antibodies. Our results show that the best four marker panel utilized the antibodies TTF-1 (clone SP141), Napsin A, p63 and CK5/6. The best two marker panel was TTF-1 (clone SP141) and p63.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/plmi.s204421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2019:11 1–5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International Dovepress
{"title":"Squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a pericoccygeal–rectal epithelial inclusion cyst with adjacent benign notochordal cell tumor: first case report and review of the literature","authors":"L. López, L. Schoeniger, Zhongren Zhou","doi":"10.2147/PLMI.S173802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PLMI.S173802","url":null,"abstract":"php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2019:11 1–5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International Dovepress","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/PLMI.S173802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44057370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.13
E. P. Buthelezi, Florence Marule, Bahule Motlonye, N. Mopane, Tshepo Rakhothule, D. Tanyanyiwa
Background: Delay in serum separation from red blood cells in samples collected from most primary healthcare facilities and transported to a laboratory for analysis is of great concern. Standard guidelines state that serum or plasma should be separated from cells within 2 hours of collection. The aim was to determine effects of delayed sample separation on measured biochemical analytes. The objective was to store blood samples in primary collection tubes at 20-25°C post venesection, then separate, and analyse samples of selected analytes. Methods: Multiple sample tubes of whole blood were collected from one of the authors volunteer, and subjected to time delays in centrifugation. The baseline serum was separated from red blood cells within 30 minutes of post venesection to allow adequate coagulation. Twenty analytes were studied using 2 analytical platforms. Percentage variation and standard error method were used to evaluate time-dependent variability in analytes. Total change limit was used to measure significant changes within-run variability for both platforms. Results: Most analytes were stable up to day 3 to 4 on both platforms. Serum CO2, CL, Ca, ALT and ALB were stable up to 8 days when they were measured on Cobas 8000®. BUN, TRIG, TB, CHOL, AST, ALT and ALB were stable up to 10 days on Dimension® CCS. K showed significant changes at 2h on both platforms at initial measurements. It was out-of-range at day 10 on Dimension® CCS. Serum creatinine levels showed substantial changes at day 2 on Dimension® analyzer and on Cobas 8000® at day 3. Conclusions: The study showed stability of wide range of serum analytes at 20-25°C for several days. The acceptable results can be achieved if samples are centrifuged the same day and analyzed later for most of biochemical analytes.
{"title":"Large Academic Hospital Laboratory Investigates a Major Pre-Analytical Challenge in Africa and Developing Countries","authors":"E. P. Buthelezi, Florence Marule, Bahule Motlonye, N. Mopane, Tshepo Rakhothule, D. Tanyanyiwa","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delay in serum separation from red blood cells in samples collected from most primary healthcare facilities and transported to a laboratory for analysis is of great concern. Standard guidelines state that serum or plasma should be separated from cells within 2 hours of collection. The aim was to determine effects of delayed sample separation on measured biochemical analytes. The objective was to store blood samples in primary collection tubes at 20-25°C post venesection, then separate, and analyse samples of selected analytes. Methods: Multiple sample tubes of whole blood were collected from one of the authors volunteer, and subjected to time delays in centrifugation. The baseline serum was separated from red blood cells within 30 minutes of post venesection to allow adequate coagulation. Twenty analytes were studied using 2 analytical platforms. Percentage variation and standard error method were used to evaluate time-dependent variability in analytes. Total change limit was used to measure significant changes within-run variability for both platforms. Results: Most analytes were stable up to day 3 to 4 on both platforms. Serum CO2, CL, Ca, ALT and ALB were stable up to 8 days when they were measured on Cobas 8000®. BUN, TRIG, TB, CHOL, AST, ALT and ALB were stable up to 10 days on Dimension® CCS. K showed significant changes at 2h on both platforms at initial measurements. It was out-of-range at day 10 on Dimension® CCS. Serum creatinine levels showed substantial changes at day 2 on Dimension® analyzer and on Cobas 8000® at day 3. Conclusions: The study showed stability of wide range of serum analytes at 20-25°C for several days. The acceptable results can be achieved if samples are centrifuged the same day and analyzed later for most of biochemical analytes.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90442314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-21DOI: 10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.11
Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Adam, A. Ismail
Prolactin (PRL) is a protein produced in the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. It’s like growth hormone increases in sleep, stress, pregnancy and Chest wall stimulation or trauma. Prolactin production can be stimulated by the hypothalamic peptides, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major prevalent disease worldwide associated with low grade systemic inflammation that influences individuals to higher incidence of atherosclerotic complications. Both prolactin clearance and production are altered in CKD. The aim of the current work was to assess the serum prolactin level in Renal Failure or chronic kidney disease in order to acquainting endocrinologists with information of hyperprolactinemia in renal failure. This is a descriptive and practical study, conducted at different dialysis’s centers in Khartoum state during May to October 2014. 106 patents (different ages) with symptoms of renal frailer had been selected for the study. 106 samples collected from patient in dialysis center to confirm that renal failure patient associated with hyperprolactinemia by collection 89 patient samples(60were males and 29 were females) and 17 controls, from different person with varies ages from 18 up to 50 years. In this study, samples of patients that the cause of their renal failure is hypertension were rejected. From the collected data, a descriptive and statistical analysis wascarried out, the histograms which include means, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. All the results give an idea that hyperprolactinemia exist renal failure patients. The results concluded that the prevalence of renal failure is higher in male by 2 fold, chronic renal failure significantly not change in prolactin level, whereas chronic renal failure female patients have higher prolactin level than male. The results of prolactin showed that there was insignificant different in main prolactin level of patient compared with control group that hyperprolactinemia exist in renal failure patients.
{"title":"Assessment of Prolactin Level Among Chronic Renal Failure Patients in Khartoum State","authors":"Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Adam, A. Ismail","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20190301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Prolactin (PRL) is a protein produced in the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. It’s like growth hormone increases in sleep, stress, pregnancy and Chest wall stimulation or trauma. Prolactin production can be stimulated by the hypothalamic peptides, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major prevalent disease worldwide associated with low grade systemic inflammation that influences individuals to higher incidence of atherosclerotic complications. Both prolactin clearance and production are altered in CKD. The aim of the current work was to assess the serum prolactin level in Renal Failure or chronic kidney disease in order to acquainting endocrinologists with information of hyperprolactinemia in renal failure. This is a descriptive and practical study, conducted at different dialysis’s centers in Khartoum state during May to October 2014. 106 patents (different ages) with symptoms of renal frailer had been selected for the study. 106 samples collected from patient in dialysis center to confirm that renal failure patient associated with hyperprolactinemia by collection 89 patient samples(60were males and 29 were females) and 17 controls, from different person with varies ages from 18 up to 50 years. In this study, samples of patients that the cause of their renal failure is hypertension were rejected. From the collected data, a descriptive and statistical analysis wascarried out, the histograms which include means, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. All the results give an idea that hyperprolactinemia exist renal failure patients. The results concluded that the prevalence of renal failure is higher in male by 2 fold, chronic renal failure significantly not change in prolactin level, whereas chronic renal failure female patients have higher prolactin level than male. The results of prolactin showed that there was insignificant different in main prolactin level of patient compared with control group that hyperprolactinemia exist in renal failure patients.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82847586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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