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Rainfall events stimulate episodic associative nitrogen fixation in switchgrass 降雨事件刺激开关草的偶发性联合固氮作用
IF 4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01180-w
Carmella Vizza, Matthew A. Belanger, Jabarius Jones, Sean J. Murphy, Daniel H. Buckley, G. Philip Robertson, Sarah S. Roley

Associative N2 fixation (ANF) is widespread but poorly characterized, limiting our ability to estimate global inputs from N2 fixation. In some places, ANF rates are at or below detection most of the time but occasionally and unpredictably spiking to very high rates. Here we test the hypothesis that plant phenology and rainfall events stimulate ANF episodes. We measured ANF in intact soil cores in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in Michigan, USA. We used rain exclusion shelters to impose three rainfall treatments with each receiving 60 mm of water over a 20-day period but at different frequencies. We concurrently established a treatment that received ambient rainfall, and all four treatments were replicated four times. To assess the effects of plant phenology, we measured ANF at key phenological stages in the ambient treatment. To assess the effects of rainfall, we measured ANF immediately before and immediately after each wetting event in each treatment involving rainfall manipulation. We found that the previous day’s rainfall could explain 29% of the variation in ANF rates within the ambient treatment alone, and that bulk soil C:N ratio was also positively correlated with ANF, explaining 18% of the variation alone. Wetting events increased ANF and the magnitude of response to wetting increased with the amount of water added and decreased with the amount of inorganic N added in water. ANF episodes thus appear to be driven primarily by wetting events. Wetting events likely increase C availability, promote microbial growth, and make rhizosphere conditions conducive to ANF.

关联氮固定(ANF)很普遍,但特征不明显,这限制了我们估算氮固定全球输入的能力。在一些地方,大部分时间氮固定率处于或低于检测水平,但偶尔会不可预测地飙升到很高的水平。在这里,我们验证了植物物候和降雨事件会刺激氮固定率上升的假设。我们测量了美国密歇根州开关草(Panicum virgatum L.)完整土芯中的 ANF。我们使用防雨罩施加了三种降雨处理,每种处理在 20 天内降雨量为 60 毫米,但降雨频率不同。同时,我们还设置了一个接受环境降雨的处理,所有四个处理均重复四次。为了评估植物物候的影响,我们在常温处理的关键物候期测量了 ANF。为了评估降雨的影响,我们在每个降雨处理中,在每次降雨前和降雨后立即测量ANF。我们发现,仅前一天的降雨量就能解释环境处理中 ANF 变化率的 29%,而土壤容重 C:N 比率也与 ANF 呈正相关,仅此就能解释 18% 的变化。湿润事件增加了ANF,对湿润的响应程度随加水量的增加而增加,随水中无机氮添加量的增加而减少。因此,ANF 的变化似乎主要是由湿润事件驱动的。湿润事件可能会增加碳的供应量,促进微生物生长,并使根圈条件有利于 ANF 的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial nitrogen transformations in tundra soil depend on interactive effects of seasonality and plant functional types 苔原土壤中的微生物氮转化取决于季节性和植物功能类型的交互影响
IF 4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01176-6
Marianne Koranda, Anders Michelsen

Nitrogen (N) cycling in organic tundra soil is characterised by pronounced seasonal dynamics and strong influence of the dominant plant functional types. Such patterns in soil N-cycling have mostly been investigated by the analysis of soil N-pools and net N mineralisation rates, which, however, yield little information on soil N-fluxes. In this study we investigated microbial gross N-transformations, as well as concentrations of plant available N-forms in soils under two dominant plant functional types in tundra heath, dwarf shrubs and mosses, in subarctic Northern Sweden. We collected organic soil under three dwarf shrub species of distinct growth form and three moss species in early and late growing season. Our results showed that moss sites were characterised by significantly higher microbial N-cycling rates and soil N-availability than shrub sites. Protein depolymerisation, the greatest soil N-flux, as well as gross nitrification rates generally did not vary significantly between early and late growing season, whereas gross N mineralisation rates and inorganic N availability markedly dropped in late summer at most sites. The magnitude of the seasonal changes in N-cycling, however, clearly differed among plant functional types, indicating interactive effects of seasonality and plant species on soil N-cycling. Our study highlights that the spatial variation and seasonal dynamics of microbial N transformations and soil N availability in tundra heath are intimately linked with the distinct influence of plant functional types on soil microbial activity and the plant species-specific patterns of nutrient uptake and carbon assimilation. This suggests potential strong impacts of future global change-induced shifts in plant community composition on soil N-cycling in tundra ecosystems.

有机苔原土壤的氮(N)循环具有明显的季节动态特征,并受到主要植物功能类型的强烈影响。土壤氮循环的这种模式主要是通过分析土壤氮库和净氮矿化率来研究的,但这些方法对土壤氮通量的研究很少。在这项研究中,我们调查了瑞典北部亚北极地区苔原石楠林两种主要植物功能类型--矮灌木和苔藓--下土壤中的微生物氮转化总量以及植物可利用氮形式的浓度。我们在生长季节的早期和晚期采集了三种不同生长形态的矮灌木和三种苔藓下的有机土壤。结果表明,苔藓生长地的微生物氮循环率和土壤氮利用率明显高于灌木生长地。蛋白质解聚是最大的土壤氮通量,总硝化率在生长季初期和后期一般没有显著变化,而在大多数地点,总氮矿化率和无机氮可用性在夏末明显下降。然而,不同植物功能类型的氮循环季节变化幅度明显不同,这表明季节性和植物物种对土壤氮循环具有交互影响。我们的研究强调,苔原石楠中微生物氮转化和土壤氮供应的空间变化和季节动态与植物功能类型对土壤微生物活动的独特影响以及植物物种特有的养分吸收和碳同化模式密切相关。这表明,未来全球变化引起的植物群落组成变化可能会对冻原生态系统的土壤氮循环产生强烈影响。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term warming decreased soil DOM content and microbial species in alpine wetlands but increased soil DOM content and hydrolase activity in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau 短期变暖降低了高山湿地的土壤 DOM 含量和微生物种类,但增加了青藏高原高山草甸的土壤 DOM 含量和水解酶活性
IF 4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01171-x
Shiyu Fan, Jihong Qin, Hui Sun, Zhenchu Dan, Wenqing Chen, Jiyuan Yang

As important carbon sinks, alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau are undergoing severe degradation. To reveal warming-induced ecological shifts in alpine environments, this study determined soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, absorption and fluorescence spectra and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectra (metabolomes) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and metagenomes based on short-term incubation (0 °C, 10 °C and 20 °C) of topsoil from alpine wetlands and meadows (degraded wetlands). Compared with meadows, wetlands had higher contents of soil DOM (dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved phosphorous) and greater activities of hydrolases (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase), with those parameters all being highest at 20 °C in meadows and showing various dynamics in wetlands. Soil DOM in wetlands presented the lowest values of specific ultraviolet absorbances (SUVA254 and SUVA260) at 0 °C and the highest values at 10 °C, whereas the opposite was true in the meadows. Wetland soils had greater diversities of DOM molecular compositions and microbial communities, with warming gradually increasing the number of identified DOM compounds in meadows and decreasing the number of microbial species in both soils. Wetland soils had more Proteobacteria (44.2%) and Acidobacteria (21.1%) and fewer Actinobacteria (18.0%) than meadow soils and contained many temperature-sensitive archaea (which were abundant at 0 °C). Distance-based redundancy analysis and Procrustes analysis indicated the greater complexity of ecological responses in alpine wetlands, which may be attributed to the higher adaptive capacity of soil microbial communities. Our results suggest that both degradation and warming decrease soil DOM content and microbial activities in alpine wetlands, providing important references for alpine wetland conservation under current climate change.

作为重要的碳汇,青藏高原的高寒湿地正在经历严重退化。为了揭示气候变暖引起的高寒环境生态变化,本研究对高寒湿地和草甸(退化湿地)的表土进行了短期培养(0 °C、10 °C和20 °C),测定了土壤养分含量、酶活性、吸收和荧光光谱以及四极飞行时间质谱(代谢组)中溶解有机物(DOM)和元基因组的含量。与草甸相比,湿地的土壤 DOM(溶解有机碳、溶解有机氮和溶解磷)含量更高,水解酶(β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维生物水解酶、β-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶)的活性也更高,草甸的这些参数在 20 °C 时最高,而湿地的这些参数则呈现出不同的动态变化。湿地土壤 DOM 的特定紫外线吸收率(SUVA254 和 SUVA260)在 0 °C 时最低,在 10 °C 时最高,而草地则相反。湿地土壤中 DOM 分子组成和微生物群落的多样性更高,草甸土壤中确定的 DOM 化合物的数量随着气候变暖而逐渐增加,而两种土壤中微生物物种的数量则逐渐减少。与草甸土壤相比,湿地土壤中的蛋白质细菌(44.2%)和酸性细菌(21.1%)较多,放线菌(18.0%)较少,并且含有许多对温度敏感的古细菌(在 0 °C 时含量丰富)。基于距离的冗余分析和 Procrustes 分析表明,高山湿地的生态响应更为复杂,这可能是因为土壤微生物群落的适应能力更强。我们的研究结果表明,退化和变暖都会降低高山湿地的土壤DOM含量和微生物活动,这为当前气候变化下的高山湿地保护提供了重要参考。
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引用次数: 0
Functional attributes of conifers expanding into temperate semi-arid grasslands modulate carbon and nitrogen fluxes in response to prescribed fire 扩展到温带半干旱草地的针叶树的功能属性会调节碳和氮的通量,从而对规定火力做出响应
IF 4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01168-6
Justin D. Gay, Bryce Currey, Kimberley T. Davis, E. N. Jack Brookshire

Fire exclusion is a key factor driving conifer expansion into temperate semi-arid grasslands. However, it remains unclear how reintroducing fire affects the aboveground storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the expanding tree species and belowground in soils. To assess the impacts of fire reintroduction C and N pools and fluxes in areas of conifer expansion we targeted a region of the Northern Great Plains that has experienced extensive woody plant expansion (WPE) of two species: ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and juniper (Juniperus spp). We quantified tree mortality of both species to estimate the amount of dead biomass C and N produced by a recent prescribed fire, in addition to changes in soil C, pyrogenic C (PyC), and N concentrations across a woody-cover gradient using a before/after/control experimental design. Post-fire soil chemical analysis revealed a 2 year increase in mineral soil C, PyC and N, suggesting the return of fire led to the transfer of partially combusted plant organic matter back to the soil. Further, we found that functional trait differences between the two species influenced the distribution of living conifer biomass-N prior to fire. Despite junipers having 41% less total aboveground biomass than ponderosa, they contained two times more aboveground N. Prescribed fire resulted in 88% mortality of all mature juniper stems and increased fire severity correlated with greater pre-fire juniper cover. Ponderosa mortality varied by size class, with > 40 cm stem diameter class having only 28% mortality. High mortality and greater aboveground N storage in juniper biomass, compared to ponderosa, led to 77% of the total conifer biomass N lost. Consequently, the functional attributes of expanding trees differentially contribute to fluxes of C and N after the return of fire, with junipers acting as conduits for N movement due to their relatively higher N content in less fire-resistant tissues and ponderosa serving as important and more stable storage pools for C. Together, these findings highlight the importance of considering species-specific traits when planning WPE management strrategies at landscape-scales, particularly when goals include C storage or soil nutrient status.

Graphical abstract

阻火是温带半干旱草原针叶林扩张的一个关键因素。然而,目前仍不清楚重新引入火灾会如何影响扩展树种的地上碳(C)和氮(N)储存以及土壤的地下碳(C)和氮(N)储存。为了评估重新引入火灾对针叶树扩张地区碳库和氮库及通量的影响,我们将目标锁定在大平原北部的一个地区,该地区经历了两种木本植物的大面积扩张(WPE):松柏(Pinus ponderosa)和杜松(Juniperus spp)。我们对这两种树种的树木死亡率进行了量化,以估算最近一场规定火灾所产生的死亡生物量碳和氮的数量,此外,我们还采用火灾前/火灾后/对照实验设计,估算了木质植被梯度上土壤碳、热原碳(PyC)和氮浓度的变化。火灾后的土壤化学分析显示,2 年后土壤矿物碳、热原碳和氮的含量有所增加,这表明火灾的恢复导致部分燃烧的植物有机物转移回土壤。此外,我们还发现,两种树种的功能特征差异影响了火灾前针叶树生物量-氮的分布。尽管刺柏的地上生物量总量比松柏少 41%,但它们所含的地上 N 却比松柏多两倍。预设火灾导致所有成熟刺柏茎的死亡率达到 88%,火灾严重程度的增加与火灾前刺柏覆盖率的增加相关。杜松的死亡率因大小等级而异,茎直径为 40 厘米的等级死亡率仅为 28%。与松柏相比,杜松生物量的高死亡率和更大的地上氮储量导致针叶林生物量氮损失总量的 77%。因此,扩张树木的功能属性在火灾恢复后对碳和氮的通量有不同的贡献,杜松因其耐火性较差的组织中相对较高的氮含量而成为氮移动的通道,而松柏则成为重要且更稳定的碳储存库。这些发现共同强调了在景观尺度上规划WPE管理策略时考虑物种特异性的重要性,特别是当目标包括碳储存或土壤养分状况时。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal patterns in riverine carbon form and export from a temperate forested watershed in Southeast Alaska 阿拉斯加东南部温带森林流域河流碳形成和输出的季节模式
IF 4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01175-7
Claire Delbecq, Jason B. Fellman, J. Ryan Bellmore, Emily J. Whitney, Eran Hood, Kevin Fitzgerald, Jeffrey A. Falke

Riverine export of carbon (C) is an important part of the global C cycle; however, most riverine C budgets focus on individual forms of C and fail to comprehensively measure both organic and inorganic C species in concert. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted high frequency sampling of multiple C forms, including dissolved organic C (DOC), inorganic carbon (as alkalinity), particulate organic C (POC), coarse particulate organic C (CPOC), and invertebrate biomass C across the main run-off season in a predominantly rain-fed watershed in Southeast Alaska. Streamwater concentrations were used to model daily watershed C export from May through October. Concentration and modeled yield data indicated that DOC was the primary form of riverine C export (8708 kg C/km2), except during low flow periods when alkalinity (3125 kg C/km2) was the dominant form of C export. Relative to DOC and alkalinity, export of particulate organic C (POC: 992 kg C/km2; CPOC: 313 kg C/km2) and invertebrates (40 kg C/km2) was small, but these forms of organic matter could disproportionately impact downstream food webs because of their higher quality, assessed via C to nitrogen ratios. These seasonal and flow driven changes to C form and export likely provide subsidies to downstream and nearshore ecosystems such that predicted shifts in regional hydroclimate could substantially impact C transfer and incorporation into aquatic food webs.

河流输出的碳(C)是全球碳循环的重要组成部分;然而,大多数河流碳预算都侧重于单个形式的碳,而未能同时全面测量有机和无机碳物种。为了填补这一知识空白,我们在阿拉斯加东南部一个以雨水灌溉为主的流域对多种形式的碳进行了高频采样,包括溶解有机碳 (DOC)、无机碳(碱度)、颗粒有机碳 (POC)、粗颗粒有机碳 (CPOC) 以及整个主要径流季节的无脊椎动物生物量碳。从 5 月到 10 月,溪水浓度被用来模拟流域每天的碳输出量。浓度和模型产量数据表明,溶解氧是河流碳输出的主要形式(8708 千克碳/平方公里),但在低流量期间除外,因为在低流量期间,碱度(3125 千克碳/平方公里)是碳输出的主要形式。与溶解氧和碱度相比,颗粒有机碳(POC:992 千克碳/平方公里;CPOC:313 千克碳/平方公里)和无脊椎动物(40 千克碳/平方公里)的输出量较小,但这些形式的有机物可能会对下游食物网产生不成比例的影响,因为根据碳氮比评估,它们的质量更高。这些由季节和水流驱动的碳形态和输出变化很可能为下游和近岸生态系统提供了补贴,因此区域水文气候的预测变化可能会对碳的转移和融入水生食物网产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Partitioning denitrification pathways in N2O emissions from re-flooded dry paddy soils 再灌溉旱田土壤 N2O 排放中的分区反硝化途径
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01164-w
Yijia Tang, Budiman Minasny, Alex McBratney

In flooded paddy fields, peak greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emission after rewetting the dry soils is widely recognised. However, the relative contribution of biotic and abiotic factors to this emission remains uncertain. In this study, we used the isotope technique (δ18O and δ15NSP) and molecular-based microbial analysis in an anoxic incubation experiment to evaluate the contributions of bacterial, fungal, and chemical denitrification to N2O emissions. We collected eight representative paddy soils across southern China for an incubation experiment. Results show that during the 10-day incubation period, the net N2O emissions were mainly produced by fungal denitrification, which accounted for 58–77% in six of the eight investigated flooded paddy soils. In contrast, bacterial denitrification contributed 6–15% of the net N2O emissions. Moreover, around 11–35% of the total N2O emissions were derived from chemical denitrification in all soil types. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that initial soil organic carbon (OC) concentrations were the primary regulator of N2O source patterns. Soils with relatively lower OC concentration (7–15 mg g−1) tend to be dominated by fungal denitrification, which accounted for the net N2O production at the end of the incubation period. Overall, these findings highlight the dominance of the fungal denitrification pathway for N2O production in flooded paddy soils, which predominates in soils with relatively lower OC content. This suggests that fungal contribution should be considered when optimizing agricultural management system timing to control N2O emissions in flooded paddy soil ecosystems, and for the relevant establishment of predictive numerical models in the future.

在被水淹没的稻田中,人们普遍认识到,干燥的土壤复湿后,温室气体一氧化二氮(N2O)的排放量会达到峰值。然而,生物和非生物因素对这一排放的相对贡献仍不确定。在本研究中,我们在缺氧培养实验中使用同位素技术(δ18O 和 δ15NSP)和基于分子的微生物分析来评估细菌、真菌和化学反硝化作用对一氧化二氮排放的贡献。我们在中国南方收集了八种具有代表性的水稻土进行培养实验。结果表明,在为期 10 天的培养期内,N2O 净排放量主要由真菌反硝化作用产生,在所调查的 8 块水稻田土壤中,有 6 块土壤的真菌反硝化作用占 58-77%。相比之下,细菌反硝化作用占 N2O 净排放量的 6-15%。此外,在所有类型的土壤中,约 11%-35% 的 N2O 排放量来自化学反硝化作用。变分分析(VPA)和主成分分析(PCA)表明,初始土壤有机碳(OC)浓度是 N2O 来源模式的主要调节因素。有机碳浓度相对较低(7-15 毫克/克)的土壤往往以真菌反硝化作用为主,这也是培养期结束时净 N2O 产生的主要原因。总之,这些研究结果突出表明,真菌反硝化作用是淹水稻田土壤产生 N2O 的主要途径,在 OC 含量相对较低的土壤中占主导地位。这表明,在优化农业管理系统的时间安排以控制水淹稻田土壤生态系统中的一氧化二氮排放时,以及在未来建立相关预测数值模型时,应考虑真菌的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of mixing on seasonal carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in ponds 混合对池塘中二氧化碳和甲烷季节通量的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01167-7
Joseph S. Rabaey, James B. Cotner

Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Ponds have amongst the highest CO2 and CH4 fluxes of all aquatic ecosystems, yet seasonal variation in fluxes remain poorly characterized, creating challenges for accurately estimating annual emissions. Further, ponds can exhibit a range of mixing regimes, yet the impact of mixing regimes on gas emissions remains unclear. Here, we assessed annual dynamics of CO2 and CH4 in four temperate ponds (Minnesota, USA) that varied in mixing regimes. The ponds ranged from annual sinks to sources of CO2 (−1 to 15 mol m−2 yr−1) and were all significant sources of CH4 (4.3–8.2 mol m−2 yr−1), with annual fluxes in CO2 equivalents of 1.8–4.1 kg CO2-eq. m−2 yr−1. Mixing regimes impacted CO2 and CH4 dynamics, as stratified periods were associated with more anoxia, greater accumulation of gases in the bottom waters, higher emissions of CH4, and lower fluxes of CO2. Ponds with stronger summer stratification also had increased CO2 and CH4 fluxes associated with fall turnover. Overall, the two ponds with the strongest stratification had higher annual fluxes (2.6, 4.1 kg CO2-eq. m−2 yr−1) compared to the two ponds that more frequently mixed (1.8, 2.2 kg CO2-eq. m−2 yr−1).

内陆水域是温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的重要来源。在所有水生生态系统中,池塘的二氧化碳和甲烷通量最高,但通量的季节性变化特征仍然不明显,这给准确估算年排放量带来了挑战。此外,池塘会出现一系列混合机制,但混合机制对气体排放的影响仍不清楚。在这里,我们评估了四个温带池塘(美国明尼苏达州)中二氧化碳和甲烷的年度动态,这些池塘的混合机制各不相同。这些池塘既是二氧化碳的年度汇,也是二氧化碳的年度源(-1 至 15 摩尔 m-2 yr-1),而且都是甲烷的重要来源(4.3-8.2 摩尔 m-2 yr-1),以二氧化碳当量计算的年度通量为 1.8-4.1 千克二氧化碳当量 m-2 yr-1。混合机制影响了二氧化碳和甲烷的动态变化,因为分层时期缺氧程度更高,底层水体中气体积累更多,甲烷排放量更高,二氧化碳通量更低。夏季分层较强的池塘在秋季更替时二氧化碳和甲烷通量也会增加。总体而言,与混合较频繁的两个池塘(1.8、2.2 千克二氧化碳当量 m-2 yr-1)相比,分层最强的两个池塘的年通量较高(2.6、4.1 千克二氧化碳当量 m-2 yr-1)。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental co-limitation on temperature responses of greenhouse gas production in floodplain sediments 洪泛区沉积物中温室气体产生的温度响应的环境共限性
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01174-8
Maidina Zhumabieke, Jinhee Huh, Hyunji Lee, Ji-Hyung Park

Despite the rising interest in understanding how climate change could affect the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from river systems, including floodplains, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of how changing environmental conditions, such as moisture and nutrient availability, limit the temperature responses of GHG production in floodplain sediments. To examine the environmental co-limitations on the temperature responses of three major GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) produced in floodplain sediments, sediments from a constructed wetland on the floodplain of the lower Han River were incubated for 24 d at four temperatures spanning 4–28 ℃, under three conditions (closed, open/wetting, and open/drying). The net production of all three GHGs exhibited nonlinear temperature responses with gas-specific patterns and magnitudes of response varying over the incubation period. During the later incubation phase, positive temperature responses were weakened for the net production of CO2 and CH4 in the dried treatments, whereas a similar weakening occurred for N2O production in the wet treatments. This, combined with incubation-induced changes in dissolved organic carbon and its fluorescence components, indicated the lack or excess of moisture and associated changes in O2 and organic carbon availability as critical co-limiting factors for the temperature responses of GHG production. Warming decreased δ13C in the CH4 emitted from wet and hypoxic sediments, implying a stronger warming effect on CH4 production over oxidation. Unlike many studies assuming a consistent relationship between temperature and GHG production in sediments irrespective of other environmental conditions, our results suggest that warming effects on the GHG emissions from floodplain sediments would depend on the balance between gas production and consumption under the prevailing constraints of moisture, O2, and labile carbon availability.

尽管人们越来越关注气候变化如何影响包括洪泛平原在内的河流系统的温室气体(GHGs)排放,但我们仍然缺乏对不断变化的环境条件(如水分和养分供应)如何限制洪泛平原沉积物中温室气体产生的温度响应的机理认识。为了研究环境对洪泛平原沉积物中产生的三种主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)的温度响应的共同限制,在封闭、开放/湿润和开放/干燥三种条件下,将汉江下游洪泛平原建湿地的沉积物在4-28 ℃的四种温度下培养24 d。所有三种温室气体的净产生量都表现出非线性温度响应,气体的特定模式和响应大小随培养期而变化。在后期培养阶段,干燥处理中二氧化碳和甲烷的净产生量对温度的正反应减弱,而湿处理中一氧化二氮的产生量对温度的正反应同样减弱。这与孵育引起的溶解有机碳及其荧光成分的变化相结合,表明水分的缺乏或过量以及与之相关的氧气和有机碳供应量的变化是温室气体产生的温度响应的关键共同限制因素。变暖降低了湿沉积物和缺氧沉积物释放的 CH4 中的δ13C,这意味着变暖对 CH4 生成的影响大于氧化作用。许多研究假设温度与沉积物中温室气体的产生之间存在一致的关系,而与其他环境条件无关,与此不同的是,我们的研究结果表明,变暖对洪泛区沉积物温室气体排放的影响将取决于在湿度、氧气和可溶性碳可用性的普遍限制条件下气体产生与消耗之间的平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Decoupling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved black carbon (DBC) in a temperate fluvial network 温带河网中溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解黑碳(DBC)的解耦关系
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01172-w
Adrian M. Bass, Chao Gu

Black carbon (BC) is a significant component of the global carbon cycle both in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is a significant portion of the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool and represents a major flux of recalcitrant carbon to the coastal and deep oceans. Dissolved black carbon can originate from multiple sources related to its relative biogeochemical reactivity with the dynamics of highly recalcitrant DBC integral to long-term sequestration. Thus, understanding how the more recalcitrant fractions of DBC varies in diverse catchments is critical and currently underexplored. We used hydrogen pyrolysis to isolate the fraction of DBC with aromatic clusters above 7 rings, representing the more stable components. Here we report the dynamics of DBCHyPy over a hydrological year in a temperate catchment, with a long history of coal mining extraction. Quarterly measurements of DBC were undertaken from two main channel and four tributary sites. Hydrogen pyrolysis derived DBC comprised a significant percentage of the total DOC flux (3.2% to 28.3%) and included significant spatial variability. Unlike other studies examining more reactive DBC fractions, bulk DOC concentrations and DBCHyPy were poorly correlated when considered over an annual scale. Rather, DBCHyPy was correlated with indicators of groundwater such as dissolved inorganic carbon and conductivity. Data suggest a consistent source of DBCHyPy not subject to the same mobilisation drivers as DOC, which shows substantial seasonality. Rather, our data shows a potentially consistent supply of stable DBC originating from the coal mining-influenced groundwater. Petrogenic sources of DBC have been poorly constrained to date, the data presented here suggests in some catchments it may be significant and yield catchment scale DOC-DBC decoupling. The dynamics of DBC have implications for carbon fluxes, pollution transport and water quality/treatment requirements. These preliminary findings suggest potentially complex drivers in spatially heterogeneous catchments, contrasting with previous work finding tight DOC-DBC mobilisation dynamics.

黑碳(BC)是陆地和水生系统中全球碳循环的重要组成部分。溶解性黑碳(DBC)在溶解性有机碳(DOC)总量中占很大比例,是向沿岸和深海输送难溶碳的主要通量。溶解黑碳有多种来源,与其相对的生物地球化学反应活性有关,其中高难降解性 DBC 的动态变化与长期固碳密不可分。因此,了解 DBC 中难降解部分在不同集水区的变化情况至关重要,而目前对这一问题的探索还很不够。我们利用氢热解分离出了 DBC 中具有 7 环以上芳香簇的部分,这部分代表了更稳定的成分。在此,我们报告了在一个温带集水区的一个水文年中 DBCHyPy 的动态变化情况,该集水区有着悠久的煤矿开采历史。我们在两个主河道和四个支流地点对 DBC 进行了季度测量。氢热解产生的 DBC 在 DOC 总通量中占了很大比例(3.2% 到 28.3%),而且空间变化很大。与研究活性更强的 DBC 部分的其他研究不同,在考虑年度尺度时,DOC 总量浓度与 DBCHyPy 的相关性很低。相反,DBCHyPy 与溶解无机碳和电导率等地下水指标相关。数据表明,DBCHyPy 的来源是一致的,并不像 DOC 那样受移动驱动因素的影响,DBCHyPy 显示出很大的季节性。相反,我们的数据显示,受采煤影响的地下水可能会持续供应稳定的 DBC。迄今为止,DBC 的成岩来源还没有得到很好的确定,本文提供的数据表明,在某些流域,DBC 的成岩来源可能很重要,并能产生流域尺度的 DOC-DBC解耦。DBC 的动态变化对碳通量、污染迁移和水质/处理要求都有影响。这些初步研究结果表明,在空间异构的集水区中,可能存在复杂的驱动因素,这与之前发现的 DOC-DBC 紧密动员动态形成了鲜明对比。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus inactivation mitigates the effect of warm winters in a temperate shallow lake (Mielenko Lake, Poland) 磷失活减轻了温带浅水湖(波兰米连科湖)暖冬的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01173-9
Renata Augustyniak-Tunowska, Rafał Karczmarczyk, Jolanta Grochowska, Michał Łopata, Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, Miquel Lürling

Direct and indirect anthropopressure on water ecosystems is the serious problem throughout the world.. In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in average air temperatures is observed, which implies the occurrence of a shorter period of snow and ice cover during the winter season. The winter 2019/2020 was unusual, because that was the first time in the record, that a complete lack of permanent ice cover was observed on numerous lakes in Poland. Such unusual conditions could influence lake functioning. Hence we analyzed the chemistry of the water–sediment interface (near-bottom and interstitial water and sediment) in the shallow, eutrophic Mielenko Lake (area 7.9 ha, max depth 1.9 m) in 2013 and 2019–2022 period to assess the influence of prolonged water circulation on the bottom zone. Mielenko Lake was subjected to a phosphorus inactivation procedure using Al and Fe salts (PAX 18, PIX 111) in 2020 and 2021. Our research revealed that unusually prolonged winter circulation caused a significant decrease in organic matter content in bottom sediment in 2020, as well as a decrease in NaOH-nrP fraction and TP amounts. That effect was short-term and it did not significantly influence the NaOH-rP fraction amounts. The released P was probably built in macrophytes biomass during vegetation season, because P inactivation has been limiting phytoplankton proliferation, and it favored shifting to a clearwater state with macrophytes domination. This was confirmed by decreasing in phytoplankton biomass, and a massive expansion of the macrophytes range noted in the second year of restoration. Our study shows, that P inactivation could mitigate the negative effects of warm winters in shallow lakes.

人类对水生态系统造成的直接和间接压力是全世界面临的一个严重问题。在北半球,平均气温上升,这意味着冬季冰雪覆盖的时间缩短。2019/2020 年冬季是不寻常的,因为这是有史以来第一次在波兰的许多湖泊上观察到完全没有永久冰盖的情况。这种不寻常的情况可能会影响湖泊的功能。因此,我们分析了 2013 年和 2019-2022 年期间米连科湖(面积 7.9 公顷,最大水深 1.9 米)富营养化浅水区水-沉积物界面(近底层和间隙水及沉积物)的化学性质,以评估长期水循环对湖底区域的影响。2020 年和 2021 年,使用铝盐和铁盐(PAX 18、PIX 111)对米连科湖进行了磷失活处理。我们的研究表明,异常延长的冬季环流导致 2020 年底层沉积物中的有机物含量显著下降,NaOH-nrP 部分和 TP 量也有所减少。这种影响是短期的,对 NaOH-rP 部分的含量没有显著影响。在植被季节,释放的磷可能会在大型底栖生物的生物量中积累,因为磷的失活限制了浮游植物的增殖,这有利于向以大型底栖生物为主的清水状态转变。浮游植物生物量的减少以及恢复后第二年大型水草范围的大幅扩大证实了这一点。我们的研究表明,钾失活能减轻暖冬对浅水湖泊的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Biogeochemistry
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