Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.; Loranthaceae) is a shrub parasitic on various host tree species. This species is often used for herbal medicinal ingredients by local communities based on the spesies of host tree. The morphological characteristics of D. pentandra are important to study because their adaptation to different host trees may resulting population of ecotypes. This study aims to determine the variation of D. pentandra accession characters on different host tree species based on morphological characters and to determine morphological phenetic relationships between accessions. Besides studies of D. pentandra accessions in Yogyakarta Province have never been conducted in full. Sample collection (accession) of D. pentandra was conducted for various host tree species from various locations, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Morphological characterization and scoring of each accession were conducted to create a similarity matrix using the Jaccard Coefficient formula. Based on the similarity matrix between OTUs and the UPGMA algorithm, it can be formed into a dendrogram. The results showed that the morphological variations of D. pentandra were found in phyllotaxis, leaf thickness, petiole length, number of stomata density per field of view, flower color, crown tube length, corolla lobe length, petal length, stamen : corolla lobe ratio, fruit color, and seed color. The population of D. pentandra in Yogyakarta can be divided into two groups, D. pentandra which has alternate and opposite arrangements in phyllotaxis. The accession dendrogram of D. pentandra in Yogyakarta was divided into five clusters starting from a similarity index of 0.089 to 0.952. Thus, the diversity of morphological variations of D. pentandra on host trees is high.
{"title":"Variation and phenetic relationships of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. from various host trees based on morphological characters","authors":"None Novario Permata Adiansyah, Putri Dian Islami, Purnomo Purnomo","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.34540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.34540","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.; Loranthaceae) is a shrub parasitic on various host tree species. This species is often used for herbal medicinal ingredients by local communities based on the spesies of host tree. The morphological characteristics of D. pentandra are important to study because their adaptation to different host trees may resulting population of ecotypes. This study aims to determine the variation of D. pentandra accession characters on different host tree species based on morphological characters and to determine morphological phenetic relationships between accessions. Besides studies of D. pentandra accessions in Yogyakarta Province have never been conducted in full. Sample collection (accession) of D. pentandra was conducted for various host tree species from various locations, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Morphological characterization and scoring of each accession were conducted to create a similarity matrix using the Jaccard Coefficient formula. Based on the similarity matrix between OTUs and the UPGMA algorithm, it can be formed into a dendrogram. The results showed that the morphological variations of D. pentandra were found in phyllotaxis, leaf thickness, petiole length, number of stomata density per field of view, flower color, crown tube length, corolla lobe length, petal length, stamen : corolla lobe ratio, fruit color, and seed color. The population of D. pentandra in Yogyakarta can be divided into two groups, D. pentandra which has alternate and opposite arrangements in phyllotaxis. The accession dendrogram of D. pentandra in Yogyakarta was divided into five clusters starting from a similarity index of 0.089 to 0.952. Thus, the diversity of morphological variations of D. pentandra on host trees is high.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.24252/bio.v11i1.32129
Aida Wulansari, Tri Muji Ermayanti, Erwin Al Hafiizh, Betalini Widhi Hapsari, Evan Maulana
Modification of medium composition is a critical step in tissue culture to find out the best medium formulation for micropropagation. Furthermore, reduction of some nutrients as well as sugar and plant growth regulator concentrations are an effort often done to make the production of seedlings more economic. The aim of the study was to modify media composition by reduction of macronutrients and sugar concentrations in combination with BAP for micropropagation of Acorus calamus. Experiments of Calamus micropropagation was established by culturing single shoots to MS medium with 100, 50, 33.3 and 25% macronutrients added with sugar at 30, 20, and 10 g/l in combination with 0, 0.5, and 1 mg/l BAP. Each medium treatment had nine replicates. Growth of culture was determined every week until 6 weeks of culture. Growth variable recorded was shoots numbers, leaf length, leaf numbers and root numbers. At six weeks of culture, chlorophyll content was also observed. The results showed that reduction of macronutrients and sugar did not influence shoot and leaf numbers in MS medium but required 0.5-1 mg/l BAP. Rooting is best in medium with no addition of BAP. Chlorophyll content decreased in the medium containing BAP in all reduced macronutrients and sugar concentrations. All plantlets survived in the field. Reduction of macronutrients and sugar can be applied for Calamus shoot culture. Cytokinin BAP is critical for shoot growth but this could be omitted for rooting. Therefore, this finding offered more choices in micropropagation of Calamus with low-cost production.
{"title":"Modification of media compositions for micropropagation of Acorus calamus L.","authors":"Aida Wulansari, Tri Muji Ermayanti, Erwin Al Hafiizh, Betalini Widhi Hapsari, Evan Maulana","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.32129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.32129","url":null,"abstract":"Modification of medium composition is a critical step in tissue culture to find out the best medium formulation for micropropagation. Furthermore, reduction of some nutrients as well as sugar and plant growth regulator concentrations are an effort often done to make the production of seedlings more economic. The aim of the study was to modify media composition by reduction of macronutrients and sugar concentrations in combination with BAP for micropropagation of Acorus calamus. Experiments of Calamus micropropagation was established by culturing single shoots to MS medium with 100, 50, 33.3 and 25% macronutrients added with sugar at 30, 20, and 10 g/l in combination with 0, 0.5, and 1 mg/l BAP. Each medium treatment had nine replicates. Growth of culture was determined every week until 6 weeks of culture. Growth variable recorded was shoots numbers, leaf length, leaf numbers and root numbers. At six weeks of culture, chlorophyll content was also observed. The results showed that reduction of macronutrients and sugar did not influence shoot and leaf numbers in MS medium but required 0.5-1 mg/l BAP. Rooting is best in medium with no addition of BAP. Chlorophyll content decreased in the medium containing BAP in all reduced macronutrients and sugar concentrations. All plantlets survived in the field. Reduction of macronutrients and sugar can be applied for Calamus shoot culture. Cytokinin BAP is critical for shoot growth but this could be omitted for rooting. Therefore, this finding offered more choices in micropropagation of Calamus with low-cost production.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra), which has pharmacological properties against a number of infectious disorders, contains secondary metabolites like alkaloids, terpenoids/steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. While preserving plant availability, callus culture can quickly enhance the production of these secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine the combination of the concentration of growth regulator 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the optimal position of leaf explants for the induction of black betel callus. This study is an experimental study using a complete randomized design with combinations of treatments between concentrations of 2.4-D growth regulators (0.0 mg/l; 1.5 mg/l; 2.5 mg/l; 3.5 mg/l) and leaf explant position (abaxial contact with media and adaxial contact with media). Quantitative data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test on the SPSS program. Meanwhile, qualitative data in callus morphology were analyzed descriptively. The treatment of 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D using abaxial leaf position can be chosen as optimal combination of treatment. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) for many of the observed variables between this treatment compared to treatment with higher concentration of 2,4-D. MS media with 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D and abaxial leaf position can induce callus at 2.4 weeks after planting, caused 100 % percentage of explants forming callus, browning score of 2.1, 10% explant contamination, callus growth score of 2.6 and callus morphology in the form of yellowish-white callus color and compact callus texture.
{"title":"The effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and leaf surface orientation on callus induction of black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra)","authors":"Paramita Cahyaningrum Kuswandi, Fajar Prasetya, Rahma Sutanti Rahayu","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.35796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.35796","url":null,"abstract":"Black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra), which has pharmacological properties against a number of infectious disorders, contains secondary metabolites like alkaloids, terpenoids/steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. While preserving plant availability, callus culture can quickly enhance the production of these secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine the combination of the concentration of growth regulator 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the optimal position of leaf explants for the induction of black betel callus. This study is an experimental study using a complete randomized design with combinations of treatments between concentrations of 2.4-D growth regulators (0.0 mg/l; 1.5 mg/l; 2.5 mg/l; 3.5 mg/l) and leaf explant position (abaxial contact with media and adaxial contact with media). Quantitative data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test on the SPSS program. Meanwhile, qualitative data in callus morphology were analyzed descriptively. The treatment of 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D using abaxial leaf position can be chosen as optimal combination of treatment. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) for many of the observed variables between this treatment compared to treatment with higher concentration of 2,4-D. MS media with 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D and abaxial leaf position can induce callus at 2.4 weeks after planting, caused 100 % percentage of explants forming callus, browning score of 2.1, 10% explant contamination, callus growth score of 2.6 and callus morphology in the form of yellowish-white callus color and compact callus texture.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.24252/bio.v11i1.37210
Ana Luísa Emídio Galliotti, Jonathan De Oliveira Rios, Luís Gustavo da Conceição Galego
Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive species of African origin with its first record in Brazil in 1999. The species quickly dispersed throughout Brazil and produced significant impacts on fig culture. It is currently considered a potential pest of berries, which justifies the investigation of techniques that enable their capture. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the attractiveness of bait colors in Z. indianus capturing from locations with different degrees of urbanization. For this, traps with yellow and purple baits were used and the relative abundance in the capture in areas with different degrees of urbanization was evaluated. Our results indicated a higher Z. indianus capture in environments with a high degree of urbanization using the purple. The capture using attractants is highly effective, and we noticed that for places where there are populations with large numbers of individuals, the visual stimulus inside the bait is a variable of great attractiveness for this species, mainly by purple baits.
{"title":"Yellow or purple: African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970) capture using colored baits","authors":"Ana Luísa Emídio Galliotti, Jonathan De Oliveira Rios, Luís Gustavo da Conceição Galego","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.37210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.37210","url":null,"abstract":"Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive species of African origin with its first record in Brazil in 1999. The species quickly dispersed throughout Brazil and produced significant impacts on fig culture. It is currently considered a potential pest of berries, which justifies the investigation of techniques that enable their capture. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the attractiveness of bait colors in Z. indianus capturing from locations with different degrees of urbanization. For this, traps with yellow and purple baits were used and the relative abundance in the capture in areas with different degrees of urbanization was evaluated. Our results indicated a higher Z. indianus capture in environments with a high degree of urbanization using the purple. The capture using attractants is highly effective, and we noticed that for places where there are populations with large numbers of individuals, the visual stimulus inside the bait is a variable of great attractiveness for this species, mainly by purple baits.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.24252/bio.v11i1.33881
Rita Ariyana Nur Khasanah, Silvia Rahmawati
Herbicides that have less impact on non-target crops are better suited for weed control. The use of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup®) is a farmer's choice for controlling these weeds. The negative effects of glyphosate residues on cultivated crops, environment and human health have led farmers to switch to use bioherbicides. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaves have been studied having the potential as bioherbicide but their effects on non-target plant have been less studied. This study aimed to examine the effects of Roundup® and Ketapang leaf extract on germination and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper as non-target plant. This experimental study was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Cayenne pepper was sown for 14 days. Parameters observed were germination, morphology, weight, and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper sprouts. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 16 and tested with One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests at p-value of 0.05 depended on parametric assumption tests. There were significant differences between the Roundup® solution treatment with the control on all parameters (germination parameters, weight, and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper sprouts) (p<0.05). The effect was getting worse seen in cayenne pepper seeds given high doses of Roundup® solution. On the contrary, there were no significant differences between the treatments of the aqueous extract of Ketapang leaves with the control on all parameters (p>0.05), except the vigor index. There were morphological changes in the radicle and root of cayenne pepper sprouts exposed to them. Rotted radicles were highly visible in Roundup®-exposed sprouts.
{"title":"The effect of commercial herbicide and bioherbicide of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) on germination and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)","authors":"Rita Ariyana Nur Khasanah, Silvia Rahmawati","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.33881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.33881","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicides that have less impact on non-target crops are better suited for weed control. The use of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup®) is a farmer's choice for controlling these weeds. The negative effects of glyphosate residues on cultivated crops, environment and human health have led farmers to switch to use bioherbicides. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaves have been studied having the potential as bioherbicide but their effects on non-target plant have been less studied. This study aimed to examine the effects of Roundup® and Ketapang leaf extract on germination and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper as non-target plant. This experimental study was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Cayenne pepper was sown for 14 days. Parameters observed were germination, morphology, weight, and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper sprouts. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 16 and tested with One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests at p-value of 0.05 depended on parametric assumption tests. There were significant differences between the Roundup® solution treatment with the control on all parameters (germination parameters, weight, and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper sprouts) (p<0.05). The effect was getting worse seen in cayenne pepper seeds given high doses of Roundup® solution. On the contrary, there were no significant differences between the treatments of the aqueous extract of Ketapang leaves with the control on all parameters (p>0.05), except the vigor index. There were morphological changes in the radicle and root of cayenne pepper sprouts exposed to them. Rotted radicles were highly visible in Roundup®-exposed sprouts.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.24252/bio.v11i1.35221
Nadine Uliesther, Istini Nurafifah, Irma Rohmawati, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha Putri, Tia Erfianti, Eko Agus Suyono
Euglena sp. is a type of microalgae are widely recognized for producing an important compound called paramylon. If Euglena sp. is grown in a medium containing a carbon source, it can produce more paramylon. The culture medium alternative must be optimized to maximize biomass production and specifically targeted metabolites. This study aims to compare the effects of glucose and glutamic acid as carbon sources on the growth rate, biomass, and paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) content of Euglena species. The treatment that carried out as the different organic carbon sources were glucose and glutamic acid. About one g/l of each treatment were added to Cramers and Myers (CM) culture medium to see how they affected growth rate, biomass, and paramylon content in Euglena sp. culture. The optical density based on absorbance was used to calculate the density of the cells, biomass was known by measuring the dry weight, and paramylon content produced was analyzed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The CM medium treatment with glucose added (CM+Glucose) had the highest specific growth rate, biomass, and paramylon content, with values of 2.902±0.338 (OD680/dx10-1), 0.476±0.023 g/l, and 2.416±0.129 mg/ml Euglena sp. can be utilized to produce paramylon on an industrial scale, so it is necessary to carry out further identification process regarding the species of Euglena sp. local strain, and it is hoped that there will be further research on other possible methods to increase the paramylon content in Euglena sp., such as using organic waste to replace the organic carbon source in the medium.
{"title":"Different carbon source alternative medium improves Euglena sp. growth and paramylon production","authors":"Nadine Uliesther, Istini Nurafifah, Irma Rohmawati, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha Putri, Tia Erfianti, Eko Agus Suyono","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.35221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.35221","url":null,"abstract":"Euglena sp. is a type of microalgae are widely recognized for producing an important compound called paramylon. If Euglena sp. is grown in a medium containing a carbon source, it can produce more paramylon. The culture medium alternative must be optimized to maximize biomass production and specifically targeted metabolites. This study aims to compare the effects of glucose and glutamic acid as carbon sources on the growth rate, biomass, and paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) content of Euglena species. The treatment that carried out as the different organic carbon sources were glucose and glutamic acid. About one g/l of each treatment were added to Cramers and Myers (CM) culture medium to see how they affected growth rate, biomass, and paramylon content in Euglena sp. culture. The optical density based on absorbance was used to calculate the density of the cells, biomass was known by measuring the dry weight, and paramylon content produced was analyzed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The CM medium treatment with glucose added (CM+Glucose) had the highest specific growth rate, biomass, and paramylon content, with values of 2.902±0.338 (OD680/dx10-1), 0.476±0.023 g/l, and 2.416±0.129 mg/ml Euglena sp. can be utilized to produce paramylon on an industrial scale, so it is necessary to carry out further identification process regarding the species of Euglena sp. local strain, and it is hoped that there will be further research on other possible methods to increase the paramylon content in Euglena sp., such as using organic waste to replace the organic carbon source in the medium.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.24252/bio.v11i1.37655
Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Zacarías Pereira-Vega, Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama, José Vega Baudrit
Nanomedicine is currently at the forefront of technology. Nanovaccines are a relevant development derived from this field and comprise nanoparticles ranging from 50-250 nm to deliver antigens and other immunomodulatory agents. Their formulation can include liposomes, which are widely known as safe and allow their engineering to be cationic, conferring a superior immunostimulatory effect. This promising strategy for vaccine delivery has gained interest in cancer as it provides higher targeting efficiency, increased antigen stability, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced uptake by antigen-presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells. Therefore, this minireview discusses recent research on cationic liposome-based vaccine delivery systems for anti-cancer therapy. Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were screened for original and review papers published in the last ten years. The antigen association with the cationic nanoparticles either by electrostatic interactions or complementary coiled coil peptide pair strategy were found as the most promising strategies. The work also highlights the potential of this therapeutic platform for enhancing the T-cell immune response against cancer through mRNA-containing formulations for different routes of administration, providing a detailed physicochemical characterization of the reported nanosystems.
{"title":"Current strategies in cationic liposomal vaccine development for anti-cancer therapy","authors":"Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Zacarías Pereira-Vega, Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama, José Vega Baudrit","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.37655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.37655","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomedicine is currently at the forefront of technology. Nanovaccines are a relevant development derived from this field and comprise nanoparticles ranging from 50-250 nm to deliver antigens and other immunomodulatory agents. Their formulation can include liposomes, which are widely known as safe and allow their engineering to be cationic, conferring a superior immunostimulatory effect. This promising strategy for vaccine delivery has gained interest in cancer as it provides higher targeting efficiency, increased antigen stability, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced uptake by antigen-presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells. Therefore, this minireview discusses recent research on cationic liposome-based vaccine delivery systems for anti-cancer therapy. Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were screened for original and review papers published in the last ten years. The antigen association with the cationic nanoparticles either by electrostatic interactions or complementary coiled coil peptide pair strategy were found as the most promising strategies. The work also highlights the potential of this therapeutic platform for enhancing the T-cell immune response against cancer through mRNA-containing formulations for different routes of administration, providing a detailed physicochemical characterization of the reported nanosystems.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One effort to reduce the transmission of malaria is the provision of antimalarial drugs. However, the use of drugs that are not according to standards causes resistance to Plasmodium. This condition triggers the exploration of various natural compounds to prevent malaria. Secondary metabolites derived from Streptomyces sp. are known to have antimalarial activity. However, information related to secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp. strains InaCC A497 and AB8 as antimalarials are not yet known. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolite compounds secondary contained in Streptomyces sp. strains InaCC A497 and AB8 as antimalarial candidates. This research method is descriptive by testing secondary metabolites which are carried out through chemical compound tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Test results of chemical compounds and FT-IR analysis of Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, while Streptomyces sp. AB8 contains alkaloids and tannins. In the TLC test, Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 produced an Rf value of 0.257 and Streptomyces sp. AB8 of 0.314. Based on the GC-MS test, Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 produces acetic acid compounds, ethyl ester including the ester group, and 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester including the alkaloid group. Streptomyces sp. AB8 produces the compound 2-pentadecyn-1-ol which belongs to the aromatic alcohol group and cochlioquinone A belongs to the quinone group. Both compounds have antimalarial activity.
{"title":"Candidates for antimalarial compounds in secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. InaCC 1497 and AB8","authors":"Endah Setyaningrum, Jihan Fikra Angelia, Kusuma Handayani, Achmad Arifiyanto, Dzul Fithria Mumtazah","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.33727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.33727","url":null,"abstract":"One effort to reduce the transmission of malaria is the provision of antimalarial drugs. However, the use of drugs that are not according to standards causes resistance to Plasmodium. This condition triggers the exploration of various natural compounds to prevent malaria. Secondary metabolites derived from Streptomyces sp. are known to have antimalarial activity. However, information related to secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp. strains InaCC A497 and AB8 as antimalarials are not yet known. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolite compounds secondary contained in Streptomyces sp. strains InaCC A497 and AB8 as antimalarial candidates. This research method is descriptive by testing secondary metabolites which are carried out through chemical compound tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Test results of chemical compounds and FT-IR analysis of Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, while Streptomyces sp. AB8 contains alkaloids and tannins. In the TLC test, Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 produced an Rf value of 0.257 and Streptomyces sp. AB8 of 0.314. Based on the GC-MS test, Streptomyces sp. InaCC A497 produces acetic acid compounds, ethyl ester including the ester group, and 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester including the alkaloid group. Streptomyces sp. AB8 produces the compound 2-pentadecyn-1-ol which belongs to the aromatic alcohol group and cochlioquinone A belongs to the quinone group. Both compounds have antimalarial activity.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain is an organ to control our activities, such as human consciousness, emotional, and movement. It was controlled by amygdala and cerebral cortex as the parts of the brain. Many things that can bring over it. Bee venom (BV) is known as traditional medicine and probably can sway the brain. The objective of this study was to determine the dose of BV that causes excessive neuronal cells death, especially in the amygdala and cerebral cortex. About 15 white male mice Deutsch Denken Yoken (DDY) strain were divided into control group and the treatment group. BV was administrated intraperitoneally for two weeks with multilevel doses, that was 1.88 mg/kg, 3.76 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 7.48 mg/kg. Brain tissue isolation was performed three days of the last administration by using perfusion method. Morphological sectioned of brain tissue (amygdala and brain cortex) was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results indicated that the BV inclined to affect neuronal cells death in the amygdala and cerebral cortex. Based on the study, the highest doses (7.48 mg/kg) of BV caused the highest neuronal cell death.
{"title":"Neuronal cell death in the amygdala and cerebral cortex of mice (Mus musculus) induced by bee (Apis mellifera) venom","authors":"Rian Oktiansyah, Ummi Hiras Habisukan, Anggun Wicaksono, Yustina Hapida, Fahmy Armanda","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.36165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.36165","url":null,"abstract":"Brain is an organ to control our activities, such as human consciousness, emotional, and movement. It was controlled by amygdala and cerebral cortex as the parts of the brain. Many things that can bring over it. Bee venom (BV) is known as traditional medicine and probably can sway the brain. The objective of this study was to determine the dose of BV that causes excessive neuronal cells death, especially in the amygdala and cerebral cortex. About 15 white male mice Deutsch Denken Yoken (DDY) strain were divided into control group and the treatment group. BV was administrated intraperitoneally for two weeks with multilevel doses, that was 1.88 mg/kg, 3.76 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 7.48 mg/kg. Brain tissue isolation was performed three days of the last administration by using perfusion method. Morphological sectioned of brain tissue (amygdala and brain cortex) was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results indicated that the BV inclined to affect neuronal cells death in the amygdala and cerebral cortex. Based on the study, the highest doses (7.48 mg/kg) of BV caused the highest neuronal cell death.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress that damages organ systems in the body. The study aimed to determine the protective effect of Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract on the histopathology of the kidneys and liver in cigarette smoke exposed rats. The study used 25 male rats divided into five groups, consisting of control (distilled water), negative control (exposed to cigarette smoke/ECS), P1 (ECS and given 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) extract), P2 (ECS and given 200 mg/Kg BW extract), and P3 (ECS and given 300 mg/kg BW extract) for 21 days. On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed to take kidneys and liver for histopathological preparation. Observation parameters consists of organ index, and histopathology structure. All data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's pos hoc test (P<0.05). The results showed no significant differences in organ index, glomerular number, and liver central vein area (P>0.05). Inflammation area, necrosis cells number, diameter, and area of glomerulus in kidney at doses of 200 mg/Kg BW and 300 mg/Kg BW showed improvement compared to other treatments (P>0.05). Hepatocyte area, sinusoid diameter, inflammatory area, number of hydropic degeneration cells, and number of necrosis cells in the liver also showed improvement at doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW compared to other treatments (P>0.05). The conclusion shows that the Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract can protect against kidney and liver damage in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
{"title":"The effect of Callina papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Callina) leaves extract on histopathology of kidney and liver in cigarette smoke-exposed rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)","authors":"Haris Setiawan, Siti Maimunah, Husna Husna, Rusmi Angganawati, Sindy Aulia Putri, Cucu Cahyani","doi":"10.24252/bio.v11i1.36341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v11i1.36341","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress that damages organ systems in the body. The study aimed to determine the protective effect of Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract on the histopathology of the kidneys and liver in cigarette smoke exposed rats. The study used 25 male rats divided into five groups, consisting of control (distilled water), negative control (exposed to cigarette smoke/ECS), P1 (ECS and given 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) extract), P2 (ECS and given 200 mg/Kg BW extract), and P3 (ECS and given 300 mg/kg BW extract) for 21 days. On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed to take kidneys and liver for histopathological preparation. Observation parameters consists of organ index, and histopathology structure. All data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's pos hoc test (P<0.05). The results showed no significant differences in organ index, glomerular number, and liver central vein area (P>0.05). Inflammation area, necrosis cells number, diameter, and area of glomerulus in kidney at doses of 200 mg/Kg BW and 300 mg/Kg BW showed improvement compared to other treatments (P>0.05). Hepatocyte area, sinusoid diameter, inflammatory area, number of hydropic degeneration cells, and number of necrosis cells in the liver also showed improvement at doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW compared to other treatments (P>0.05). The conclusion shows that the Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract can protect against kidney and liver damage in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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