A. Widiana, U. Ukit, Prayoga Kusumah, H. Hanifah, Ayu Wiharyati
Waste of cajuput leaves (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) has the potential to be used as an alternative cattle feed because it has a fairly high nutritional content. The nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste needs to be improved before being used as an alternative feed. The fermentation process can increase nutrient content in cajuput leaf waste and increase the digestibility of organic matter (OMD), dry matter digestibility (DMD), Ammonia (NH3), and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). This study aimed to determine the improvement of cajuput leaf waste nutrition with the help of yeast as well as the effect of fermented cajuput leaf waste along with a mixture of concentrates and field grass on digestibility, NH3, and VFA which were carried out in vitro test. The results showed the nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste fermented by yeast of Aspergillus chevalieri had the best value of protein 16.03%, fiber 16.92%, and fat 5.93%. The treatment R4 (50% cajuput leaf waste + 25% concentrate + 25% field grass) had the best digestibility (DMD=46.12%; DMO=32.08%), NH3 (8.37mM) and VFA (168.5mM) production.
{"title":"Increasing the potential of Cajuput leaf waste as cattle feed through fermentation pretreatment","authors":"A. Widiana, U. Ukit, Prayoga Kusumah, H. Hanifah, Ayu Wiharyati","doi":"10.24252/bio.v9i1.21215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v9i1.21215","url":null,"abstract":"Waste of cajuput leaves (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) has the potential to be used as an alternative cattle feed because it has a fairly high nutritional content. The nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste needs to be improved before being used as an alternative feed. The fermentation process can increase nutrient content in cajuput leaf waste and increase the digestibility of organic matter (OMD), dry matter digestibility (DMD), Ammonia (NH3), and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). This study aimed to determine the improvement of cajuput leaf waste nutrition with the help of yeast as well as the effect of fermented cajuput leaf waste along with a mixture of concentrates and field grass on digestibility, NH3, and VFA which were carried out in vitro test. The results showed the nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste fermented by yeast of Aspergillus chevalieri had the best value of protein 16.03%, fiber 16.92%, and fat 5.93%. The treatment R4 (50% cajuput leaf waste + 25% concentrate + 25% field grass) had the best digestibility (DMD=46.12%; DMO=32.08%), NH3 (8.37mM) and VFA (168.5mM) production.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78476937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.1-8
Putri Rahmadianti, E. Suryawati, L. M. Natalina
This research aims develop weblog media about environmental contamination material to determine the reflective thinking skills of junior high school students. The development of a weblog as a learning medium used the ADDIE model. In this research up to the development phase. The weblog design has gone through the validation phase. The validation was performed by 4 validators using a validation sheet. Student responses were collected using a questionnaire and reflective thinking skills using multiple choice test. The developed weblog has been tested on 20 students of 8th grade. The results showed that the use of blogging media positively impacted students' reflective thinking skills, given the increase in mean pre-test and post-test scores from a score of 69.5 to 82. The increase in reflective thinking skills was seen in of the three indicators of reflective thinking, namely reacting from 79% to 81,5% in high category, elaborating from 50% in low category to 75% in high category and contemplating from 67% in normal category to 78,4% in high category. The use of blogging media to reinforce thinking skills is also supported by the results of student responses with an average result of 92,8% for aspects of reflective thinking.
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN WEBLOG SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN UNTUK SISWA SMP","authors":"Putri Rahmadianti, E. Suryawati, L. M. Natalina","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.1-8","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims develop weblog media about environmental contamination material to determine the reflective thinking skills of junior high school students. The development of a weblog as a learning medium used the ADDIE model. In this research up to the development phase. The weblog design has gone through the validation phase. The validation was performed by 4 validators using a validation sheet. Student responses were collected using a questionnaire and reflective thinking skills using multiple choice test. The developed weblog has been tested on 20 students of 8th grade. The results showed that the use of blogging media positively impacted students' reflective thinking skills, given the increase in mean pre-test and post-test scores from a score of 69.5 to 82. The increase in reflective thinking skills was seen in of the three indicators of reflective thinking, namely reacting from 79% to 81,5% in high category, elaborating from 50% in low category to 75% in high category and contemplating from 67% in normal category to 78,4% in high category. The use of blogging media to reinforce thinking skills is also supported by the results of student responses with an average result of 92,8% for aspects of reflective thinking.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.31-38
Umi Salfia, Yustina Yustina, S. Wulandari
This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of rice husk charcoal and cow manure on the growth of Dayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.) And produce Student Worksheets for class XII SMA. This research was conducted in Jayapura Village, Siak Regency, in October-December 2019. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 treatments using a combination of rice husk charcoal and cow manure and each treatment was repeated as much 3 times. The parameters of this study were leaf length, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf wet weight, and tuber wet weight. The design of LKPD development refers to the stages of the Problem Based Learning model which are simplified into the Analyze and Design stages. The results showed that the combination of rice husk charcoal and cow manure can increase the growth of Dayak onions significantly affected at a dose of 90 gr/tan (S2K2) with the best treatment on each parameter observed. The results obtained will be used as a development material for the growth and development of Class XII SMA in KD 3.1 and 4.1. The results of the design of learning tools in the form of Syllabus, RPP and LKPD.
{"title":"PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ARANG SEKAM PADI DAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americanaMerr.) SEBAGAI RANCANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) PADA MATERI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN KELAS XII SMA","authors":"Umi Salfia, Yustina Yustina, S. Wulandari","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.31-38","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of rice husk charcoal and cow manure on the growth of Dayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.) And produce Student Worksheets for class XII SMA. This research was conducted in Jayapura Village, Siak Regency, in October-December 2019. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 treatments using a combination of rice husk charcoal and cow manure and each treatment was repeated as much 3 times. The parameters of this study were leaf length, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf wet weight, and tuber wet weight. The design of LKPD development refers to the stages of the Problem Based Learning model which are simplified into the Analyze and Design stages. The results showed that the combination of rice husk charcoal and cow manure can increase the growth of Dayak onions significantly affected at a dose of 90 gr/tan (S2K2) with the best treatment on each parameter observed. The results obtained will be used as a development material for the growth and development of Class XII SMA in KD 3.1 and 4.1. The results of the design of learning tools in the form of Syllabus, RPP and LKPD.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75667754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.9-18
Yen Sastri, E. Suryawati, L Mariani Natalina
This research aims to determine the effect of using flip chart on students' scientific literacy on environmental pollution material. This development research used ADDIE model. This research was carried out until the development phase. The flip chart that have been produced validated by using validation sheets by 4 validators who expert on media and material, then tested on 20 grade VIII junior high school student. The data of Students’ responses about flip chart were collected by using a questionnaire and students’ science literacy were collected by using multiple choice test. The results of the research indicated that Flip Chart was valid with score 88,3% (very valid) in material and 87,5% (very valid) in media. The result of this result also indicated that there was an increase in the mean score of pre-test and post-test from 62 (low) to 81 (high). It illustrated that there was a strengthening of science literacy on the competence to explain phenomena scientifically from 61.25% (low) to 87.5% (very high), the competence to design and evaluate scientific enquiry from 53.75% (low) to 71.25% (enough), and the competence to interpret data and evidence scientifically from 80% (high) to 87.5% (very high). This result was supported by student questionnaires when using flip chart, which is 88.1, it shows that flip charts can be used as a means of strengthening student scientific literacy.
{"title":"PEMANFAATAM MEDIA FLIP CHART UNTUK PENGUATAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN","authors":"Yen Sastri, E. Suryawati, L Mariani Natalina","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.9-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.9-18","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the effect of using flip chart on students' scientific literacy on environmental pollution material. This development research used ADDIE model. This research was carried out until the development phase. The flip chart that have been produced validated by using validation sheets by 4 validators who expert on media and material, then tested on 20 grade VIII junior high school student. The data of Students’ responses about flip chart were collected by using a questionnaire and students’ science literacy were collected by using multiple choice test. The results of the research indicated that Flip Chart was valid with score 88,3% (very valid) in material and 87,5% (very valid) in media. The result of this result also indicated that there was an increase in the mean score of pre-test and post-test from 62 (low) to 81 (high). It illustrated that there was a strengthening of science literacy on the competence to explain phenomena scientifically from 61.25% (low) to 87.5% (very high), the competence to design and evaluate scientific enquiry from 53.75% (low) to 71.25% (enough), and the competence to interpret data and evidence scientifically from 80% (high) to 87.5% (very high). This result was supported by student questionnaires when using flip chart, which is 88.1, it shows that flip charts can be used as a means of strengthening student scientific literacy.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73026868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.19-25
Oktavia Safitri, Evi Suryawati, Darmadi Darmadi
Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2007 concerning Academic Qualification Standards and Teacher Competencies states that one of the competencies of high school biology teachers is the competence to properly design and implement practicum. Biology Education students as prospective biology teachers must master these competencies. The existence of independent learning resources can be used as a reference for prospective student teachers in studying material related to practicum activities. This study aims to produce independent learning resources in the form of videos. This research was conducted at the PMIPA Laboratory FKIP Riau University, SMAN 8 Pekanbaru and SMAN 15 Pekanbaru in April-December 2020. The type of research used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The instruments used in this study were the validation sheet and response questionnaire. The results of the video validation obtained an average value of 3.57 with a very valid category. The results of the limited trial phase I obtained an average value of 3.64 in the very good category, while the results of the phase II trial obtained an average value of 3.43 in the very good category. Based on the results of the validation and trials, it shows that the video of the design and implementation of the biology practicum developed can be used as an independent learning resource for prospective biology teachers.
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PERANCANGAN DAN PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI","authors":"Oktavia Safitri, Evi Suryawati, Darmadi Darmadi","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.19-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.19-25","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2007 concerning Academic Qualification Standards and Teacher Competencies states that one of the competencies of high school biology teachers is the competence to properly design and implement practicum. Biology Education students as prospective biology teachers must master these competencies. The existence of independent learning resources can be used as a reference for prospective student teachers in studying material related to practicum activities. This study aims to produce independent learning resources in the form of videos. This research was conducted at the PMIPA Laboratory FKIP Riau University, SMAN 8 Pekanbaru and SMAN 15 Pekanbaru in April-December 2020. The type of research used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The instruments used in this study were the validation sheet and response questionnaire. The results of the video validation obtained an average value of 3.57 with a very valid category. The results of the limited trial phase I obtained an average value of 3.64 in the very good category, while the results of the phase II trial obtained an average value of 3.43 in the very good category. Based on the results of the validation and trials, it shows that the video of the design and implementation of the biology practicum developed can be used as an independent learning resource for prospective biology teachers.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84135165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.39-48
Suwondo Suwondo, Darmadi Darmadi, M. Amin
This study aims to determine the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with the use of Azolla microphylla feed and its potential to produce a module design on the material for growth and development of living things in class XII odd semester KD 3.10 and KD 4.10.This research was conducted from May to August 2020 at Danau Selais LPPM Riau University. This study used 2 stages, namely. Phase I research used quantitative descriptive to determine the growth of tilapia on Azolla microphyla feed with different feeding percentages. Fish were grouped into 3 treatments and 1 control. Fish are reared in different cages with different percentage of feeding. The research parameters included absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, nisbi growth rate, and survival rate.Phase II research is a module teaching material design that uses 2 stages, namely, the Analyze and Design stages.The results of the experimental stage of research, feeding Azolla microphylla affected the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). P3 treatment (giving 5% Azolla microphylla from fish biomass) is the best dose in increasing the growth of tilapia. Resulted in the absolute length growth of 4.24 cm, absolute weight 11.72 g, 4.68% relative growth, 4,68% specific growth rate and 99.4% survival rate. The P3 treatment resulted in a growth which was much lower than the P0 treatment (control).
{"title":"PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) SEBAGAI RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA","authors":"Suwondo Suwondo, Darmadi Darmadi, M. Amin","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.39-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.39-48","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with the use of Azolla microphylla feed and its potential to produce a module design on the material for growth and development of living things in class XII odd semester KD 3.10 and KD 4.10.This research was conducted from May to August 2020 at Danau Selais LPPM Riau University. This study used 2 stages, namely. Phase I research used quantitative descriptive to determine the growth of tilapia on Azolla microphyla feed with different feeding percentages. Fish were grouped into 3 treatments and 1 control. Fish are reared in different cages with different percentage of feeding. The research parameters included absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, nisbi growth rate, and survival rate.Phase II research is a module teaching material design that uses 2 stages, namely, the Analyze and Design stages.The results of the experimental stage of research, feeding Azolla microphylla affected the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). P3 treatment (giving 5% Azolla microphylla from fish biomass) is the best dose in increasing the growth of tilapia. Resulted in the absolute length growth of 4.24 cm, absolute weight 11.72 g, 4.68% relative growth, 4,68% specific growth rate and 99.4% survival rate. The P3 treatment resulted in a growth which was much lower than the P0 treatment (control).","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"R-33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84760722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.26-30
Y. Fauziah, Sri Wahyuningsih
This research was conducted to determine the effect of mung bean extract on the quality of Nata de cassava and poster design of biotechnology subject matter at the XII grade high school level in June-August 2020. This research was conducted in 2 stages, namely the experimental stage: the effect of giving mung bean extract to the quality of Nata de Cassava and the second stage of poster design: analysis of the potential development of biotechnology teaching materials for class XII high school level. This study used an experimental method by conducting experiments at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Pekanbaru. Sampling was carried out with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters in this study were thickness analysis and acidity (pH) analysis. Based on the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level, giving green bean extract showed a significant effect on the quality of Nata de cassava. Giving green bean extract of 600 ml gives an increase in the quality of the best Nata de cassava and based on the analysis of the potential research results can be used as a poster design for class XII high school level biotechnology material.
{"title":"PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) TERHADAP ORGANOLEPTIK NATA DE CASSAVA DARI LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG","authors":"Y. Fauziah, Sri Wahyuningsih","doi":"10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.26-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.26-30","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to determine the effect of mung bean extract on the quality of Nata de cassava and poster design of biotechnology subject matter at the XII grade high school level in June-August 2020. This research was conducted in 2 stages, namely the experimental stage: the effect of giving mung bean extract to the quality of Nata de Cassava and the second stage of poster design: analysis of the potential development of biotechnology teaching materials for class XII high school level. This study used an experimental method by conducting experiments at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Pekanbaru. Sampling was carried out with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters in this study were thickness analysis and acidity (pH) analysis. Based on the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level, giving green bean extract showed a significant effect on the quality of Nata de cassava. Giving green bean extract of 600 ml gives an increase in the quality of the best Nata de cassava and based on the analysis of the potential research results can be used as a poster design for class XII high school level biotechnology material.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88801713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nada Nisrina Maulidya, S. Rohimah, Zakiyah Ramadany, T. Ratnasari, M. Su’udi
Indonesia has high biodiversity for plant species, including orchids with medicinal potential such as Phalaenopsis deliciosa. Generally, morphological characters, especially in flowers are used for orchids identification. However, when the plants are not in the flowering period, the identification becomes difficult. Therefore an alternative method, such as molecular identification (DNA barcoding) needs to be applied for the best solution. This research, which was conducted with three different markers found that the identity level of matK, rbcL, and ITS to other orchids species was 99-98%, 98%, and 94-96%, respectively. Furthermore, matK and ITS showed high specificity for Phalaenopsis deliciosa, and are therefore recommended as the best molecular identification marker of genus Phalaenopsis.
{"title":"Assessment of the DNA Barcodes Characteristic of Phalaenopsis deliciosa based on matK, rbcL, and ITS","authors":"Nada Nisrina Maulidya, S. Rohimah, Zakiyah Ramadany, T. Ratnasari, M. Su’udi","doi":"10.24252/BIO.V8I2.13278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/BIO.V8I2.13278","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has high biodiversity for plant species, including orchids with medicinal potential such as Phalaenopsis deliciosa. Generally, morphological characters, especially in flowers are used for orchids identification. However, when the plants are not in the flowering period, the identification becomes difficult. Therefore an alternative method, such as molecular identification (DNA barcoding) needs to be applied for the best solution. This research, which was conducted with three different markers found that the identity level of matK, rbcL, and ITS to other orchids species was 99-98%, 98%, and 94-96%, respectively. Furthermore, matK and ITS showed high specificity for Phalaenopsis deliciosa, and are therefore recommended as the best molecular identification marker of genus Phalaenopsis.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88261890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The normal field soil environment safeguarded, via indigenous microbes in a native manner, with the aim of turning herbicide waste into productive bio-resources, through fungi activities. This study aims to determine the effective role of soil indigenous fungi on 2,4-D herbicide degradation. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, on Iraqi cereal field. A total of eight fungi species, belonging to six genera, (Aspergillus candidus L. ATCC 1002, A. niger T. ATCC 16888, Curvularia lunata W. B1933, Penicillium sp. L. 1809, Rhizopus stolonifer L. B9770, Stachybotrys atra C. 1837, Trichoderma harzianum R. IOC 3844, and T. lignorum T. Hartz 1872), were isolated from the soil. During the exposure periods, fungal populations were differently affected, upon treatments with herbicide. The applied herbicide treatments showed different effects on growth and development of the isolated fungi. The results showed that, five of the eight fungi species (C. lunata B1933, Penicillium sp. 1809, R. stolonifer B9770, T. harzianum IOC 3844, and T. lignorum Hartz 1872) were greatly enhanced by the treatment process. However, two fungi (S. atra 1837, and A. candidus ATCC 1002) were affected negatively by the herbicide, while one (A. niger ATCC 16888) remained unaffected. Once extracted from the soil of wheat fields in Iraq, the fungus S. atra 1837, was first isolated. The highest inhibitory effect was caused by 2,4-D herbicide, on the toxigenic fungus S. atra, causing its disappearance from the field at the last week of application. The laboratory experiments showed similar herbicide effects on the isolated fungi at low and moderate levels, while those at the high level (800 µg /ml) were toxic. These results showed that the herbicide 2,4-D treatments have substantial effects on microbial population in the field. When applied at recommended field rate, the herbicide causes transient impacts on fungal population growth and biodiversity, with the majority of the organism becoming responsible for 2,4-D mineralization in the soil. Therefore, the use of 2,4-D herbicide does not only control weed population, but it also affects microbial activities, especially indigenous fungi in the soil.
通过本地微生物以本地方式保护正常的田间土壤环境，目的是通过真菌活动将除草剂废物转化为生产性生物资源。本研究旨在确定土壤乡土真菌对2,4- d除草剂降解的有效作用。这项研究在伊拉克的一片谷物地里进行了为期六周的研究。从土壤中共分离到6属8种真菌(Aspergillus candius L. ATCC 1002、A. niger T. ATCC 16888、Curvularia lunata W. B1933、Penicillium sp. L. 1809、stolonifer根霉L. B9770、Stachybotrys atra C. 1837、harzianum R. IOC 3844、T. linumum T. Hartz 1872)。在暴露期间，不同除草剂处理对真菌种群的影响不同。施用除草剂对分离真菌的生长发育有不同的影响。结果表明，8种真菌中有5种(C. lunata B1933、Penicillium sp. 1809、R. stolonifer B9770、T. harzianum IOC 3844和T. lignorum Hartz 1872)在处理过程中得到了较大幅度的增强。然而，两种真菌(S. atra 1837和A. candius ATCC 1002)对除草剂有负面影响，而一种真菌(A. niger ATCC 16888)未受影响。一旦从伊拉克麦田的土壤中提取出来，真菌S. atra 1837首次被分离出来。2,4- d除草剂对产毒真菌S. atra的抑制效果最好，使其在施用后一周从田间消失。室内实验表明，中低浓度对分离真菌的除草效果相似，高浓度(800µg /ml)对分离真菌具有毒性。结果表明，2,4- d除草剂处理对田间微生物种群有显著影响。当以推荐的田间用量施用时，除草剂会对真菌种群的生长和生物多样性产生短暂的影响，大多数生物体会对土壤中的2,4- d矿化负责。因此，2,4- d除草剂的使用不仅可以控制杂草的数量，还可以影响土壤中微生物的活动，特别是土生性真菌。
{"title":"The Effective Role of Soil Indigenous Fungi on 2.4-D Herbicide Degradation","authors":"A. T. Sarhan","doi":"10.24252/BIO.V8I2.16802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/BIO.V8I2.16802","url":null,"abstract":"The normal field soil environment safeguarded, via indigenous microbes in a native manner, with the aim of turning herbicide waste into productive bio-resources, through fungi activities. This study aims to determine the effective role of soil indigenous fungi on 2,4-D herbicide degradation. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, on Iraqi cereal field. A total of eight fungi species, belonging to six genera, (Aspergillus candidus L. ATCC 1002, A. niger T. ATCC 16888, Curvularia lunata W. B1933, Penicillium sp. L. 1809, Rhizopus stolonifer L. B9770, Stachybotrys atra C. 1837, Trichoderma harzianum R. IOC 3844, and T. lignorum T. Hartz 1872), were isolated from the soil. During the exposure periods, fungal populations were differently affected, upon treatments with herbicide. The applied herbicide treatments showed different effects on growth and development of the isolated fungi. The results showed that, five of the eight fungi species (C. lunata B1933, Penicillium sp. 1809, R. stolonifer B9770, T. harzianum IOC 3844, and T. lignorum Hartz 1872) were greatly enhanced by the treatment process. However, two fungi (S. atra 1837, and A. candidus ATCC 1002) were affected negatively by the herbicide, while one (A. niger ATCC 16888) remained unaffected. Once extracted from the soil of wheat fields in Iraq, the fungus S. atra 1837, was first isolated. The highest inhibitory effect was caused by 2,4-D herbicide, on the toxigenic fungus S. atra, causing its disappearance from the field at the last week of application. The laboratory experiments showed similar herbicide effects on the isolated fungi at low and moderate levels, while those at the high level (800 µg /ml) were toxic. These results showed that the herbicide 2,4-D treatments have substantial effects on microbial population in the field. When applied at recommended field rate, the herbicide causes transient impacts on fungal population growth and biodiversity, with the majority of the organism becoming responsible for 2,4-D mineralization in the soil. Therefore, the use of 2,4-D herbicide does not only control weed population, but it also affects microbial activities, especially indigenous fungi in the soil. ","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81949300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Citarum River was regarded as the World’s dirtiest river in 2018, characterized by a Basin situated adjacent to several textile and electroplating industries. Hexavalent chromium metal (Cr6+) is a toxic, carcinogenic heavy metal found in the wastes of these industries. Furthermore, biosorption with biological adsorbents, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oryzae, is an alternative method for treating water polluted with heavy metals. This study therefore aims to adsorb Cr6 + heavy metals from Citarum River water using S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae biomass in two locations: Nanjung and Pangauban, with various biomass concentrations and stirring speeds. For this study, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g of R. oryzae suspension, as well as 250, 500, and 750 µ of S. cerevisiae were used as adsorbent, while rotated at speeds of 250 rpm, 750 rpm and 1500 rpm. Subsequently, the Cr6 + metal content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 525 nm, and calculated based on a standard curve. The results showed S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae are able to reduce the levels of Cr6+ in Citarum river water. The most reduction was obtained with the highest concentration of the adsorbents, 750 µ for S. cerevisiae and 0.75 g for R. oryzae, at the speed of 1500 rpm. S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae have great potential as biosorbents for the in situ remediation of Citarum River contaminated with heavy metals.
{"title":"Chromium(VI) Heavy Metal Biosorption in Citarum River Water Sample Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oryzae Biomass","authors":"Suci Rizki Nurul Aeni, Ni'matul Murtafi'ah, Handarini Handarini","doi":"10.24252/BIO.V8I2.12274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24252/BIO.V8I2.12274","url":null,"abstract":"The Citarum River was regarded as the World’s dirtiest river in 2018, characterized by a Basin situated adjacent to several textile and electroplating industries. Hexavalent chromium metal (Cr6+) is a toxic, carcinogenic heavy metal found in the wastes of these industries. Furthermore, biosorption with biological adsorbents, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oryzae, is an alternative method for treating water polluted with heavy metals. This study therefore aims to adsorb Cr6 + heavy metals from Citarum River water using S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae biomass in two locations: Nanjung and Pangauban, with various biomass concentrations and stirring speeds. For this study, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g of R. oryzae suspension, as well as 250, 500, and 750 µ of S. cerevisiae were used as adsorbent, while rotated at speeds of 250 rpm, 750 rpm and 1500 rpm. Subsequently, the Cr6 + metal content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 525 nm, and calculated based on a standard curve. The results showed S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae are able to reduce the levels of Cr6+ in Citarum river water. The most reduction was obtained with the highest concentration of the adsorbents, 750 µ for S. cerevisiae and 0.75 g for R. oryzae, at the speed of 1500 rpm. S. cerevisiae and R. oryzae have great potential as biosorbents for the in situ remediation of Citarum River contaminated with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":8911,"journal":{"name":"Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85888225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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