Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications最新文献

Currently, new advancements in the area of nanotechnology opened up new prospects in the field of medicine that could provide us with a solution for numerous medical complications. Although a several varieties of nanoparticles is being explored to be used as nanomedicines, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) are the most attractive due to their biocompatibility and their switchable oxidation state (+3 and +4) or in other words the ability to act as prooxidant and antioxidant depending on the pH condition. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is preferred to make it more economical, eco-friendly, and less toxic. The aim of our study here is to formulate the CeO₂ NPs (CeO₂ NPs) using Morinda citrifolia (Noni) leaf extract and study its optical, structural, antibacterial, and anticancer abilities. Their optical and structural characterization was accomplished by employing X-ray diffractography (XRD), TEM, EDAX, FTIR, UV-vis, and photoluminescence assays. Our CeO₂ NPs expressed strong antibacterial effects against Gram-positive S. aureus and S. pneumonia in addition to Gram-negative E. coli and K. pneumonia when compared with amoxicillin. The anticancer properties of the green synthesized CeO₂ NPs against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) MOLT-4 cells were further explored by the meticulous study of their ability to diminish cancer cell viability (cytotoxicity), accelerate apoptosis, escalate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decline the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) level, modify the cell adhesion, and shoot up the activation of proapoptotic markers, caspase-3, -8, and -9, in the tumor cells. Altogether, the outcomes demonstrated that our green synthesized CeO₂ NPs are an excellent candidate for alternative cancer therapy.

Nanoparticles synthesis through biological mediated methods with a particular focus on the processes mediated by fungi and algae is discussed, which systematically reviews nanoparticle characterization, composition, synthesis methods, and, lastly but not least, the applications of NPs across five different categories to provide a reference for future research. Most traditional methods to generate nanoparticles have certain limitations, like the toxicity of precursor materials, the need for high-temperature management, and the high cost of synthesis, which ultimately hinders their utility in sectors. Greener synthesis through fungus and algae done through bioreduction by biomolecules or enzymes present in them is low-energy, low-cost, and needs a low-temperature environment, providing a unique technique for the manufacture of various metallic nanoparticles utilized in an array of industries and healthcare.

The main aim of this study was to synthesize copper oxide- (CuO-) titanium oxide- (TiO₂-) chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites (CTCANc) and to characterize them physically and biologically (antimicrobial and anticancer activity using MOLT4 blood cancer cell line) to endorse their useful applications as potential drug candidates in anticancer avenues. CuO-TiO₂-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites were synthesized according to standard, reported methods. Physical characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using methods like X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and morphological and ultrastructural analysis of nanocomposites were done using electron microscope scanning and transmission. FTIR was recorded using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were done using the spectrometer. Further, antibacterial activities were assessed using standard bacterial cultures. To demonstrate the nanocomposite's anticancer effects, MTT assay, morphological analysis, apoptosis studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and levels of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed using the MOLT4 blood cancer cell line. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD and showed various peaks, respectively, for CuO-TiO₂, amygdalin, and chitosan. MTT assay indicated an IC₅₀ value of 38.41 μg/ml concentration of CTCANc. Hence, 30 and 40 μg/ml were used for the subsequent experiments. Morphological analysis, staining for apoptosis using AO/EtBr, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or ΔΨm) analysis, ROS analysis, and determination of the SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH levels were performed. Observations like a significant loss of morphology, induction of apoptosis, elevated ROS, and decreased MMP were significant in 30 and 40 μg/ml nanocomposite-treated cells when compared to control cells. The bimetallic nanocomposites exhibited typical nanocomposites characteristics and significant antibacterial and anticancer effects. The study results endorse the antibacterial, anticancer activity of CuO-TiO₂-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites and strongly suggest that further in-depth research using CuO-TiO₂-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites could reveal their efficacy in the clinical scenario.

Introduction: Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-GA) were successfully synthesised using Garcinia atroviridis leaf extract as a reducing agent, which has ethnopharmacological claims against various diseases including cancer. Aim of the Study. Aim of the study is to discover whether AgNPs-GA has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on cancerous (A549) and noncancerous (BEAS-2B) human lung cells.

Materials and methods: The cytotoxicity profiles of AgNPs-GA were characterized by MTT assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and DAPI and AOPI double staining, whilst genotoxicity was assessed using Comet Assay analysis. The level of silver ions (Ag⁺) and cellular uptake of AgNPs-GA were evaluated by ICP-OES and TEM analyses, respectively.

Results: A significant cytotoxic effect was observed by AgNPs-GA on both A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 20-28 μg/ml and 12-35 μg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity profile of AgNPs-GA was also accompanied by a pronounced increase in ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Moreover, Ag⁺ was also detected in cells exposed to AgNPs-GA threefold higher compared to controls. In this study, AgNPs-GA were endocytosed within lysosomes, which may direct to secondary toxicity effects including oxidative stress, impairment of the cell membrane, DNA fragmentation, and cell death.

Conclusions: Taken together, novel toxicological-related mechanisms by AgNPs-GA were proposed involving the generation of ROS that causes DNA damage which led to programmed cell death in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, a combination of scientific assessments is constantly needed to ensure that the quality of biosynthesized nanoparticles is controlled and their safe development is promoted.

The current work focuses on peanut shells and agricultural wastes richly in many nations subjected to pyrolysis treatment at various temperatures in the range of 500-800°C to determine the feasible physiochemical characteristics of the biochar. The biochars with the high surface area were employed to adsorb Pb²⁺ (lead) ions, the heaviest pollutants in the water bodies. The raw material, biochar, and pyrolyzed biochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, partial and elemental analysis, and BET tests. The adsorption characteristics of the biochar, pre- and postpyrolysis treatment, were studied with the assistance of batch adsorption tests under varying test conditions. Adsorbing conditions were determined by evaluating the effects of adsorbing parameters like initial concentration of the lead in water, pH of the adsorbent, contact time, and mixing speed on the effective adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions from water. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Themkin isotherm expressions were employed to study the experimental results. The adsorption kinetics study showed that the synthesized biochars were chemically stable enough to adsorb the Pb ions onto the surface.

In this study, cells from human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (K562) were cultivated with CuO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites. We examined nanocomposites using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDAX, and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as MTT for cytotoxicity, and AO/EtBr for apoptotic morphology assessment. The rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrests was determined using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to identify pro- and antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2, Bad, Bax, P53, and Cyt C. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the CuO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites were electrostatically interlocked. The nanocomposites' XRD signals revealed a hexagonal shape. In the DLS spectrum, nanocomposites were found to have a hydrodynamic diameter. As a result of their cytotoxic action, nanocomposites displayed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. The nanocomposites, like Doxorubicin, caused cell cycle phase arrest in K562 cells. After treatment with IC₅₀ concentrations of CuO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites and Doxorubicin, a substantial percentage of cells were in G2/M stage arrest. Caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Bax, Bad, Cyt C, and P53 expression were considerably enhanced in K562 cells, whereas Bcl2 expression was decreased, indicating that these cells may have therapeutic potential against human blood cancer/leukemia-derived disorders. As a result, the nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding anticancer potential against leukemic cells. CuO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Berbamine, according to our findings.

Lung cancer is one of the cancers with high mortality rate. The current therapeutic regimens have only limited success rate. The current work highlights the potential of Solanum procumbens-derived zinc oxide nanoparticle (SP-ZnONP)-induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and photoluminescence analysis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytotoxicity, and cell viability assays revealed that the SP-ZnONP caused the cell death and the inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated to be 61.28 μg/mL. Treatment with SP-ZnONPs caused morphological alterations in cells, such as rounding, which may have been caused by the substance's impact on integrins. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining revealed that the cells undergo apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates the cell death. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined and it was shown that the nanoparticles elevated ROS levels, which led to lipid peroxidation. In short, the SP-ZnONPs increase the level of ROS, which in turn causes lipid peroxidation results in apoptosis. On the other hand, the SP-ZnONPs decrease nitric oxide level in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which also supports the apoptosis. In conclusion, SP-ZnONPs would become a promising treatment option for lung cancer.

Wound infection is a major clinical challenge, impacting patient morbidity and mortality, with significant economic implications. Our research focused on how Pisonia Alba (PA) leaves, which are used to treat wounds, are used to synthesize silver nanoparticles and study their wound healing property. UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and s electron microscope (SEM) analysis were employed to evaluate the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Using DLS and Zeta potential analysis, the size and stability of the Pisonia Alba capped silver nanoparticle were investigated. The results showed that Pisonia Alba extract stabilized silver nanoparticles are 63.88 nm in size and have a spherical shape. Antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles against pathogenic organisms Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were investigated. The in vitro cell scratch wounding assay is used to investigate the wound healing properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Pisonia Alba stabilized silver nanoparticles (PA@AgNPs), in comparison to Pisonia Alba (PA) extract, show effective wound healing characteristics by inducing the formation of collagen and serving as a capable wound healing agent.