Summary There are many methods used to determine the reaction to fire of wood and wood-based materials, ranging from full-scale to small-scale testing. One of the small-scale techniques is the use of the Mini Fire Tube (MFT). The aim of this work is to optimize the assessment of fireproofing preparations for wood and wood-based materials using the MFT. In addition, an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the protection in relation to the maximum temperature of the control sample. An attempt at optimization was made using the example of pine wood and selected flame retardants. Based on the results of control tests, the critical point (the time at which the average sample temperature reached its maximum value) was calculated (Grześkowiak and Moliński 2019). The effectiveness of the protection at the critical point was determined. Efficiencies were calculated for all time parameters to determine the optimal test time. A formula was proposed for the duration of tests for protected samples, taking as a reference the maximum temperature of the control series. The tests showed that it is possible to shorten the time for testing of the effectiveness of flame retardants based on the time taken to obtain maximum temperature for control samples.
{"title":"Methodological improvement of testing of selected parameters for fire resistance of wood and wood-based materials using the MFT","authors":"W. Grześkowiak, K. Moliński","doi":"10.2478/bile-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary There are many methods used to determine the reaction to fire of wood and wood-based materials, ranging from full-scale to small-scale testing. One of the small-scale techniques is the use of the Mini Fire Tube (MFT). The aim of this work is to optimize the assessment of fireproofing preparations for wood and wood-based materials using the MFT. In addition, an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the protection in relation to the maximum temperature of the control sample. An attempt at optimization was made using the example of pine wood and selected flame retardants. Based on the results of control tests, the critical point (the time at which the average sample temperature reached its maximum value) was calculated (Grześkowiak and Moliński 2019). The effectiveness of the protection at the critical point was determined. Efficiencies were calculated for all time parameters to determine the optimal test time. A formula was proposed for the duration of tests for protected samples, taking as a reference the maximum temperature of the control series. The tests showed that it is possible to shorten the time for testing of the effectiveness of flame retardants based on the time taken to obtain maximum temperature for control samples.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":"53 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Saigusa, Tomomasa Takada, Aki Ishii, Tomoyuki Nakagawa, S. Tomizawa
Summary For square contingency tables with nominal categories, a local symmetry model which indicates the symmetric structure of probabilities for only one pair of symmetric cells is proposed. For ordinal square tables, the present paper proposes (1) another local symmetry model for cumulative probabilities from the upper-right and lower-left corners of the table, and (2) a measure to represent the degree of departure from the proposed model. The measure has the form of a weighted harmonic mean of the diversity index, which includes the Shannon entropy as a special case. Examples are given in which the proposed method is applied to square table data on decayed teeth in Japanese women patients.
{"title":"Measure of departure from cumulative local symmetry for square contingency tables having ordered categories","authors":"Yusuke Saigusa, Tomomasa Takada, Aki Ishii, Tomoyuki Nakagawa, S. Tomizawa","doi":"10.2478/bile-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary For square contingency tables with nominal categories, a local symmetry model which indicates the symmetric structure of probabilities for only one pair of symmetric cells is proposed. For ordinal square tables, the present paper proposes (1) another local symmetry model for cumulative probabilities from the upper-right and lower-left corners of the table, and (2) a measure to represent the degree of departure from the proposed model. The measure has the form of a weighted harmonic mean of the diversity index, which includes the Shannon entropy as a special case. Examples are given in which the proposed method is applied to square table data on decayed teeth in Japanese women patients.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"57 1","pages":"23 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79026270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In this paper, some problems related to determining experimental plans satisfying the criterion of D-optimality are presented. Moreover, the optimality conditions and relations between the parameters of the chemical balance weighing designs are described, and some construction examples are given.
{"title":"D-optimal chemical balance weighing designs with diagonal covariance matrix of experimental errors","authors":"M. Graczyk, B. Ceranka","doi":"10.2478/bile-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this paper, some problems related to determining experimental plans satisfying the criterion of D-optimality are presented. Moreover, the optimality conditions and relations between the parameters of the chemical balance weighing designs are described, and some construction examples are given.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"64 1","pages":"37 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84422788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary We show that, in practice, the standard unit root tests, cointegration tests, and similar tests are unreliable. This conclusion is more generally applicable to other related regression-based tests. In particular, these tests attempt to solve a problem by creating another problem.
{"title":"A note on the irrelevance of unit root tests and cointegration tests","authors":"Moawia Alghalith","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3585865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3585865","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We show that, in practice, the standard unit root tests, cointegration tests, and similar tests are unreliable. This conclusion is more generally applicable to other related regression-based tests. In particular, these tests attempt to solve a problem by creating another problem.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"60 1","pages":"85 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73979718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Preliminary studies which may be of significance for research against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which has caused an epidemic in China, are presented. An analysis was made of publicly available data that contain information about important metabolites neutralizing coronaviruses. Preliminary studies show that especially Ficus, barley, thistle and sundew should be additionally tested with the aim of producing medicines for coronavirus.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of flavonoids with antiviral potential against coronavirus","authors":"Aneta Sawikowska","doi":"10.2478/bile-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Preliminary studies which may be of significance for research against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which has caused an epidemic in China, are presented. An analysis was made of publicly available data that contain information about important metabolites neutralizing coronaviruses. Preliminary studies show that especially Ficus, barley, thistle and sundew should be additionally tested with the aim of producing medicines for coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"41 1","pages":"13 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88545464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary There is a growing need to analyze data sets characterized by several sets of variables observed on the same set of individuals. Such complex data structures are known as multiblock (or multiple-set) data sets. Multi-block data sets are encountered in diverse fields including bioinformatics, chemometrics, food analysis, etc. Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (GCCA) is a very powerful method to study this kind of relationships between blocks. It can also be viewed as a method for the integration of information from K > 2 distinct sources (Takane and Oshima-Takane 2002). In this paper, GCCA is considered in the context of multivariate functional data. Such data are treated as realizations of multivariate random processes. GCCA is a technique that allows the joint analysis of several sets of data through dimensionality reduction. The central problem of GCCA is to construct a series of components aiming to maximize the association among the multiple variable sets. This method will be presented for multivariate functional data. Finally, a practical example will be discussed.
越来越需要分析以在同一组个体上观察到的几组变量为特征的数据集。这种复杂的数据结构被称为多块(或多集)数据集。多块数据集在生物信息学、化学计量学、食品分析等各个领域都有应用。广义典型相关分析(GCCA)是研究这种块间关系的一种非常有效的方法。它也可以被视为一种整合来自K > 2个不同来源的信息的方法(Takane and Oshima-Takane 2002)。本文在多元函数数据的背景下考虑GCCA。这些数据被视为多元随机过程的实现。GCCA是一种允许通过降维对几组数据进行联合分析的技术。GCCA的核心问题是构造一系列旨在最大化多变量集之间关联的组件。该方法将用于多元函数数据。最后，将讨论一个实际的例子。
{"title":"Generalized canonical correlation analysis for functional data","authors":"Tomasz Górecki, M. Krzyśko, W. Wołyński","doi":"10.2478/bile-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary There is a growing need to analyze data sets characterized by several sets of variables observed on the same set of individuals. Such complex data structures are known as multiblock (or multiple-set) data sets. Multi-block data sets are encountered in diverse fields including bioinformatics, chemometrics, food analysis, etc. Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (GCCA) is a very powerful method to study this kind of relationships between blocks. It can also be viewed as a method for the integration of information from K > 2 distinct sources (Takane and Oshima-Takane 2002). In this paper, GCCA is considered in the context of multivariate functional data. Such data are treated as realizations of multivariate random processes. GCCA is a technique that allows the joint analysis of several sets of data through dimensionality reduction. The central problem of GCCA is to construct a series of components aiming to maximize the association among the multiple variable sets. This method will be presented for multivariate functional data. Finally, a practical example will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86518404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.
{"title":"Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale","authors":"A. Derejko, M. Studnicki","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"239 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This paper presents some constructions of regular D-optimal weighing designs based on the incidence matrices of a balanced incomplete block design, balanced bipartite weighing design and ternary balanced block design. We determine optimality conditions and relations between the parameters of the design, and give an example.
{"title":"Remarks about a construction method for D-optimal chemical balance weighing designs","authors":"M. Graczyk, Malwina Janiszewska","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper presents some constructions of regular D-optimal weighing designs based on the incidence matrices of a balanced incomplete block design, balanced bipartite weighing design and ternary balanced block design. We determine optimality conditions and relations between the parameters of the design, and give an example.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"50 1","pages":"215 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79792811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam Mieldzioc, Monika Mokrzycka, Aneta Sawikowska
Summary Modern chromatography largely uses the technique of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). For a set of data concerning the drought resistance of barley, the problem of the characterization of a covariance structure is investigated with the use of two methods. The first is based on the Frobenius norm and the second on the entropy loss function. For the four considered covariance structures – compound symmetry, three-diagonal and penta-diagonal Toeplitz and autoregression of order one – the Frobenius norm indicates the compound symmetry matrix and autoregression of order one as the most relevant, whilst the entropy loss function gives a slight indication in favor of the compound symmetry structure.
{"title":"Covariance regularization for metabolomic data on the drought resistance of barley","authors":"Adam Mieldzioc, Monika Mokrzycka, Aneta Sawikowska","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Modern chromatography largely uses the technique of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). For a set of data concerning the drought resistance of barley, the problem of the characterization of a covariance structure is investigated with the use of two methods. The first is based on the Frobenius norm and the second on the entropy loss function. For the four considered covariance structures – compound symmetry, three-diagonal and penta-diagonal Toeplitz and autoregression of order one – the Frobenius norm indicates the compound symmetry matrix and autoregression of order one as the most relevant, whilst the entropy loss function gives a slight indication in favor of the compound symmetry structure.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":"165 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91292883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The main estimation and hypothesis testing procedures are presented for experiments conducted in row-column designs of a certain desirable type. It is shown that, under appropriate randomization, these experiments have the convenient orthogonal block structure. Due to this property, the analysis of experimental data can be performed in a comparatively simple way. Relevant simplifying procedures are indicated. The main advantage of the presented methodology concerns the analysis of variance and related hypothesis testing procedures. Under the adopted approach one can perform these analytical methods directly, not by combining results from analyses based on some stratum submodels. Practical application of the presented theory is illustrated by four examples of real experiments in the relevant row-column designs. The present paper is the third in the projected series of publications concerning the analysis of experiments with orthogonal block structure.
{"title":"On a new approach to the analysis of variance for experiments with orthogonal block structure. III. Experiments in row-column designs","authors":"T. Caliński, A. Łacka, I. Siatkowski","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The main estimation and hypothesis testing procedures are presented for experiments conducted in row-column designs of a certain desirable type. It is shown that, under appropriate randomization, these experiments have the convenient orthogonal block structure. Due to this property, the analysis of experimental data can be performed in a comparatively simple way. Relevant simplifying procedures are indicated. The main advantage of the presented methodology concerns the analysis of variance and related hypothesis testing procedures. Under the adopted approach one can perform these analytical methods directly, not by combining results from analyses based on some stratum submodels. Practical application of the presented theory is illustrated by four examples of real experiments in the relevant row-column designs. The present paper is the third in the projected series of publications concerning the analysis of experiments with orthogonal block structure.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"77 1","pages":"183 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78965954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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