Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2059439
S. Panchal, Arpita Ghosh, Prerana Koti, Namita Singh
Abstract Phenanthrene (PHE) is a hazardous low molecular weight PAH and widespread ecological contaminant. In the present study, the Illumina Miseq platform explored the bacterial diversity of the efficient PHE degrading consortium NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, developed from the petrochemical contaminated soil near the Indian Oil Corporation Limited refinery, Panipat (India). Total 273 OTUs represented the species diversity identified in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Nineteen major bacterial species covered approximately 99.22% of the total α-diversity of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. In NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, the Shannon alpha diversity (H') and Pielou's Evenness Index (J') were calculated at 2.43 and 0.43, respectively. Moreover, an overwhelming population of phylum Proteobacteria (99.28%) and Pseudomonas spp. (32.25%) were observed in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Two culturable isolates, PAH 51 and PAH 52, were isolated from the NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, and the result of 16S rRNA analysis showed homology with Bacillus wiedmannii (96.7%) and Achromobacter pulmonis (99.24%), respectively. The results of the carbohydrate utilization test showed that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 was able to metabolize dextrose, L-arabinose, ONPG, esculin, citrate, and malonate. Detection of phthalic acid metabolite by the GCMS analysis inferred that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 bio-degraded the PHE through the protocatechuic acid pathway. During the seven-day biodegradation experiment at the optimized physicochemical conditions, NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 degraded 62%, 70%, 90% PHE after the third, fifth, and seventh day, respectively. Graphical Abstract A foremost population of phylum Proteobacteria was identified in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. The culturable isolates of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 (PAH 51 and PAH 52) didn't utilize PHE as the carbon source. Biodegradation of PHE by the NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 was accomplished through the protocatechuic acid pathway. Pseudomonas spp. were the most abundant species of the total α-diversity of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5.
{"title":"Elucidation of molecular diversity and functional characterization of phenanthrene degrading consortium NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5","authors":"S. Panchal, Arpita Ghosh, Prerana Koti, Namita Singh","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2059439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2059439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phenanthrene (PHE) is a hazardous low molecular weight PAH and widespread ecological contaminant. In the present study, the Illumina Miseq platform explored the bacterial diversity of the efficient PHE degrading consortium NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, developed from the petrochemical contaminated soil near the Indian Oil Corporation Limited refinery, Panipat (India). Total 273 OTUs represented the species diversity identified in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Nineteen major bacterial species covered approximately 99.22% of the total α-diversity of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. In NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, the Shannon alpha diversity (H') and Pielou's Evenness Index (J') were calculated at 2.43 and 0.43, respectively. Moreover, an overwhelming population of phylum Proteobacteria (99.28%) and Pseudomonas spp. (32.25%) were observed in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. Two culturable isolates, PAH 51 and PAH 52, were isolated from the NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5, and the result of 16S rRNA analysis showed homology with Bacillus wiedmannii (96.7%) and Achromobacter pulmonis (99.24%), respectively. The results of the carbohydrate utilization test showed that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 was able to metabolize dextrose, L-arabinose, ONPG, esculin, citrate, and malonate. Detection of phthalic acid metabolite by the GCMS analysis inferred that NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 bio-degraded the PHE through the protocatechuic acid pathway. During the seven-day biodegradation experiment at the optimized physicochemical conditions, NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 degraded 62%, 70%, 90% PHE after the third, fifth, and seventh day, respectively. Graphical Abstract A foremost population of phylum Proteobacteria was identified in NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5. The culturable isolates of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 (PAH 51 and PAH 52) didn't utilize PHE as the carbon source. Biodegradation of PHE by the NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5 was accomplished through the protocatechuic acid pathway. Pseudomonas spp. were the most abundant species of the total α-diversity of NS-PAH-2015-PNP-5.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2057412
G. Mardani, M. Ahankoub, Mahdiyeh Alikhani Faradonbeh, H. Raeisi Shahraki, A. Fadaei
Abstract In this study, the degradability of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone was investigated with the help of genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida, in which the gene producing the enzyme catechol 2 and 3 dioxygenase was designed and then inserted into the pUC18 plasmid and replicated by E. coli. It was purified and extracted and transformed into Pseudomonas putida. Finally, the degradation rate of Ceftriaxone by this bacterium in spiked soil was evaluated using the HPLC measurement technique. Finally, the kinetics of Ceftriaxone degradation by genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida was investigated using zero, first, and second –order kinetic models for all factors. The results of HPLC measurement showed that the biodegradation of ceftriaxone in spiked soil was significant by genetically engineered P. putida compared to autoclaved soil inoculated by wild P. putida and normal soil with normal microbial flora (p < 0.001) and this bacterium was able to degrade ceftriaxone by 69.53% and kinetic modeling showed that the rate of removal by genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida follows the zero-degree reaction model. These findings indicate that Pseudomonas putida, which produces Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, can be useful and practical in the biological treatment of environment from cephalosporins.
{"title":"Biodegradation of ceftriaxone in soil using dioxygenase-producing genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida","authors":"G. Mardani, M. Ahankoub, Mahdiyeh Alikhani Faradonbeh, H. Raeisi Shahraki, A. Fadaei","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2057412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2057412","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the degradability of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone was investigated with the help of genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida, in which the gene producing the enzyme catechol 2 and 3 dioxygenase was designed and then inserted into the pUC18 plasmid and replicated by E. coli. It was purified and extracted and transformed into Pseudomonas putida. Finally, the degradation rate of Ceftriaxone by this bacterium in spiked soil was evaluated using the HPLC measurement technique. Finally, the kinetics of Ceftriaxone degradation by genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida was investigated using zero, first, and second –order kinetic models for all factors. The results of HPLC measurement showed that the biodegradation of ceftriaxone in spiked soil was significant by genetically engineered P. putida compared to autoclaved soil inoculated by wild P. putida and normal soil with normal microbial flora (p < 0.001) and this bacterium was able to degrade ceftriaxone by 69.53% and kinetic modeling showed that the rate of removal by genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida follows the zero-degree reaction model. These findings indicate that Pseudomonas putida, which produces Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, can be useful and practical in the biological treatment of environment from cephalosporins.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2048629
Sadiya Alka, S. Shahir, Norahim Ibrahim, D. Vo, Fazilah Abd Manan
Abstract The Microbacterium foliorum species is known for its ability to produce siderophores which, in synergy with the plant root, can effectively affect the rates of arsenate-to-arsenite mobilization, arsenic uptake, and translocation. This study investigates M. foliorum, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), in the absorption of arsenic (As) by Melastoma malabathricum plant from contaminated soil. The current study demonstrates M. foliorum phytoremediation’s efficacy in terms of As tolerance, removal, and toxicity in the M. malabathricum plant. For an observation period of 90 days, growing plants were treated with M. foliorum in arsenic-contaminated soil. The morphological trait, pH of soil, and potential advantage induced by M. foliorum on M. malabathricum were evaluated. Plants did not display any noticeable signs of toxicity, however, the root and stem length were significantly increased in the presence of M. foliorum. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) was increased in plants inoculated with M. foliorum by 0.3 times, the Transfer Factor (TF) of As in the M. malabathricum plants decreased, whether in the presence or absence of PGPB. The As phytoremediation treatment with M. foliorum also enhanced uptake of As in root (by 26%) and shoot (by 22%) than in the other two (A2 and control) phytoremediation treatments. This shows that M. foliorum inoculation reduced As toxicity through substantial reduction of the adverse stress effects, increased stem and root fresh and dry weight.
{"title":"Assessment of plant growth promotion properties and impact of Microbacterium foliorum for arsenic removal in Melastoma malabathricum","authors":"Sadiya Alka, S. Shahir, Norahim Ibrahim, D. Vo, Fazilah Abd Manan","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2048629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2048629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Microbacterium foliorum species is known for its ability to produce siderophores which, in synergy with the plant root, can effectively affect the rates of arsenate-to-arsenite mobilization, arsenic uptake, and translocation. This study investigates M. foliorum, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), in the absorption of arsenic (As) by Melastoma malabathricum plant from contaminated soil. The current study demonstrates M. foliorum phytoremediation’s efficacy in terms of As tolerance, removal, and toxicity in the M. malabathricum plant. For an observation period of 90 days, growing plants were treated with M. foliorum in arsenic-contaminated soil. The morphological trait, pH of soil, and potential advantage induced by M. foliorum on M. malabathricum were evaluated. Plants did not display any noticeable signs of toxicity, however, the root and stem length were significantly increased in the presence of M. foliorum. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) was increased in plants inoculated with M. foliorum by 0.3 times, the Transfer Factor (TF) of As in the M. malabathricum plants decreased, whether in the presence or absence of PGPB. The As phytoremediation treatment with M. foliorum also enhanced uptake of As in root (by 26%) and shoot (by 22%) than in the other two (A2 and control) phytoremediation treatments. This shows that M. foliorum inoculation reduced As toxicity through substantial reduction of the adverse stress effects, increased stem and root fresh and dry weight.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"251 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2054929
Nurshafiqah Jasme, N. A. Md Noh, A. Yahya
Abstract Large amounts of waste cooking oil from residential areas can cause adverse effect on the environment if not disposed properly. Fungi have a higher tolerance to hydrocarbon toxicity due to their physiology and adaptation to the environment. Consequently, they can be employed in bioremediation to reduce waste oils release to the environment. This work aims to bio-remove and biodegrade the waste cooking oil using a newly isolated strain Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1, in stirred tank reactor (STR). The strain showed remarkable removal activity of waste cooking oil. The removal efficiency of waste cooking oil reached 97% on day 3 of cultivation. This was attained when the culture was agitated at 400 rpm, maintaining the Reynold’s number of that obtained in the shake flask culture. Fortuitously, the best dispersion of waste cooking oil was also obtained at 400 rpm. The highest cell surface hydrophobicity (MATH) at 76.42% was observed at day 3 of cultivation. The maximum biosurfactant and emulsification activity occurred at day 2 of cultivation, which were 43 mm and 44%, respectively. Cell surface hydrophobicity and biosurfactant produced by strain Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1 played an important role in bio-removal of waste cooking oil, making this strain a prospective candidate for treating waste cooking oil.
{"title":"Lab-scale bioremediation technology: Ex-situ bio-removal and biodegradation of waste cooking oil by Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1","authors":"Nurshafiqah Jasme, N. A. Md Noh, A. Yahya","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2054929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2054929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large amounts of waste cooking oil from residential areas can cause adverse effect on the environment if not disposed properly. Fungi have a higher tolerance to hydrocarbon toxicity due to their physiology and adaptation to the environment. Consequently, they can be employed in bioremediation to reduce waste oils release to the environment. This work aims to bio-remove and biodegrade the waste cooking oil using a newly isolated strain Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1, in stirred tank reactor (STR). The strain showed remarkable removal activity of waste cooking oil. The removal efficiency of waste cooking oil reached 97% on day 3 of cultivation. This was attained when the culture was agitated at 400 rpm, maintaining the Reynold’s number of that obtained in the shake flask culture. Fortuitously, the best dispersion of waste cooking oil was also obtained at 400 rpm. The highest cell surface hydrophobicity (MATH) at 76.42% was observed at day 3 of cultivation. The maximum biosurfactant and emulsification activity occurred at day 2 of cultivation, which were 43 mm and 44%, respectively. Cell surface hydrophobicity and biosurfactant produced by strain Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1 played an important role in bio-removal of waste cooking oil, making this strain a prospective candidate for treating waste cooking oil.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"208 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2054931
Poorvi Saini, Ananya Grewall, S. Hooda
Abstract Substantial use of plastics as packaging material has become a global concern due to their limited recycling or incineration options and requires periodic degradation to avoid accumulation as a pollutant in the environment. Several chemical and physical properties such as surface area, hydrophobicity, chemical structure, molecular weight, melting temperature, crystallinity, and so on influence their biodegradation. Previously, hydrolases from Thermobifida fusca were reported to have higher degradability until Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) from Ideonella sakaiensis was discovered that showed better specificity for PET. The catalytic triad contains Ser160, Asp206 and His237 along with conserved serine hydrolase motif “Gly-X1-Ser-X2-Gly” having tryptophan at X1 for extending the hydrophobic surface of the active site and cysteine in the vicinity providing thermal stability via additional disulfide bonds. Here, we employed in silico screening techniques for the identification of potential plastic degrading PETases, initiating with sequence similarity search using IsPETase, scrutinizing for the presence of the conserved serine hydrolase motif containing tryptophan at X1 position and cysteine in the vicinity. Five PETases belonging to the diene-lactone hydrolase protein family from different bacterial species were identified in the initial screening, which was further confirmed by molecular docking studies indicating their capacity to bind MHET as substrate for degradation. Our study provides a reliable framework for identification and characterization of PETases involved in biodegradation of plastics which can be further explored for improving their efficiency and suitability under different conditions. This is extremely beneficial approach considering that the increasing demand for microbial enzymes due to the continued accumulation of plastics in the environment.
{"title":"In silico approach for identification of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase)-like enzymes","authors":"Poorvi Saini, Ananya Grewall, S. Hooda","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2054931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2054931","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Substantial use of plastics as packaging material has become a global concern due to their limited recycling or incineration options and requires periodic degradation to avoid accumulation as a pollutant in the environment. Several chemical and physical properties such as surface area, hydrophobicity, chemical structure, molecular weight, melting temperature, crystallinity, and so on influence their biodegradation. Previously, hydrolases from Thermobifida fusca were reported to have higher degradability until Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) from Ideonella sakaiensis was discovered that showed better specificity for PET. The catalytic triad contains Ser160, Asp206 and His237 along with conserved serine hydrolase motif “Gly-X1-Ser-X2-Gly” having tryptophan at X1 for extending the hydrophobic surface of the active site and cysteine in the vicinity providing thermal stability via additional disulfide bonds. Here, we employed in silico screening techniques for the identification of potential plastic degrading PETases, initiating with sequence similarity search using IsPETase, scrutinizing for the presence of the conserved serine hydrolase motif containing tryptophan at X1 position and cysteine in the vicinity. Five PETases belonging to the diene-lactone hydrolase protein family from different bacterial species were identified in the initial screening, which was further confirmed by molecular docking studies indicating their capacity to bind MHET as substrate for degradation. Our study provides a reliable framework for identification and characterization of PETases involved in biodegradation of plastics which can be further explored for improving their efficiency and suitability under different conditions. This is extremely beneficial approach considering that the increasing demand for microbial enzymes due to the continued accumulation of plastics in the environment.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"311 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48467478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2054928
Wassef Al-Khatib, M. Srour, H. Bazzi, Chaden Haidar, A. Hijazi, A. E. Al-Rekaby, Wassim El Malti
Abstract The elimination of heavy metals from industrial and agricultural wastewater became a challenging environmental topic due to their health hazards. Adsorption is one of the physicochemical techniques that proved its effectiveness in removing inorganic pollutants at low concentrations. Polymer-based composites using inorganic fillers have received increased attention due to their adsorptive properties. In addition, loaded/modified polyurethane foams have been effectively tested in removing heavy metals from polluted water. In this work, activated carbon derived from valorized Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) was synthesized by simple pyrolysis and activation with hydrogen peroxide and used as a filler in the polyurethane foam. The characteristics and properties of the prepared activated carbon were assessed using several methods and techniques. The cost-effective activated carbon-loaded polyurethane was synthesized in a straightforward step in the shape of pellets and used to eliminate lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from water. It demonstrated a significant adsorption capacity even after one filtration. Furthermore, the effects of the adsorbate concentration and the number of filtrations were investigated. Highlights Cymbopogon citratus plant was valorized. Cost-effective C. citratus activated carbon-Loaded polyurethane foams were prepared to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from water. High removal efficiency was obtained using 150 mg/L metal ion solutions after one filtration.
{"title":"Test of elimination of cadmium and lead ions from water using polyurethane loaded with Cymbopogon citratus activated carbon","authors":"Wassef Al-Khatib, M. Srour, H. Bazzi, Chaden Haidar, A. Hijazi, A. E. Al-Rekaby, Wassim El Malti","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2054928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2054928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The elimination of heavy metals from industrial and agricultural wastewater became a challenging environmental topic due to their health hazards. Adsorption is one of the physicochemical techniques that proved its effectiveness in removing inorganic pollutants at low concentrations. Polymer-based composites using inorganic fillers have received increased attention due to their adsorptive properties. In addition, loaded/modified polyurethane foams have been effectively tested in removing heavy metals from polluted water. In this work, activated carbon derived from valorized Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) was synthesized by simple pyrolysis and activation with hydrogen peroxide and used as a filler in the polyurethane foam. The characteristics and properties of the prepared activated carbon were assessed using several methods and techniques. The cost-effective activated carbon-loaded polyurethane was synthesized in a straightforward step in the shape of pellets and used to eliminate lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from water. It demonstrated a significant adsorption capacity even after one filtration. Furthermore, the effects of the adsorbate concentration and the number of filtrations were investigated. Highlights Cymbopogon citratus plant was valorized. Cost-effective C. citratus activated carbon-Loaded polyurethane foams were prepared to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from water. High removal efficiency was obtained using 150 mg/L metal ion solutions after one filtration.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"301 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2054930
A. Kalsoom, R. Batool, N. Jamil
Abstract Agricultural fields are polluted with Cr (VI) due to the excessive use of industrial effluent for irrigation purposes. The current study was focused on evaluating and comparing the impact of chromate stress on wheat growth with distilled water and industrial effluent, with and without inoculation of bacteria. All chromate-resistant bacteria (UT8, UT25, AKR2, LM3, LM8, and NY2) isolated from polluted environments proficiently resisted K2CrO4 (1500 µg/ml). Staphylococcus simulans UT8 significantly produced plant-growth-promoting compounds such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (365.05 nmol α-ketobutyrate mg/protein/h), indole acetic acid (IAA) production (77.14 µg/ml), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Strain UT8 showed an increment in the germination of seeds (38.47%), and root and shoot length (95.19 and 119.29%, respectively) under chromate stress (350 µg/ml) as compared to uninoculated controls. Similarly, UT8 inoculated seedlings also exhibited remarkable augmentation in the plant height (49.18%), tiller number/plant (87.96%), and grain yield/pot (108.96%) under chromate as compared to inoculum free treatment (control). Scanning electron micrographs of S. simulans UT8 treated seedlings root exhibited enhanced colonization in the presence of Cr (VI). Chromate removal potential of strain UT8 and the competence to secrete active phytohormones make it among the agronomically potent microorganisms to enhance wheat growth in metal-polluted soils.
{"title":"Beneficial rhizospheric associated traits of chromate resistant bacteria for remediation of Cr (VI) contaminated soil","authors":"A. Kalsoom, R. Batool, N. Jamil","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2054930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2054930","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agricultural fields are polluted with Cr (VI) due to the excessive use of industrial effluent for irrigation purposes. The current study was focused on evaluating and comparing the impact of chromate stress on wheat growth with distilled water and industrial effluent, with and without inoculation of bacteria. All chromate-resistant bacteria (UT8, UT25, AKR2, LM3, LM8, and NY2) isolated from polluted environments proficiently resisted K2CrO4 (1500 µg/ml). Staphylococcus simulans UT8 significantly produced plant-growth-promoting compounds such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (365.05 nmol α-ketobutyrate mg/protein/h), indole acetic acid (IAA) production (77.14 µg/ml), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Strain UT8 showed an increment in the germination of seeds (38.47%), and root and shoot length (95.19 and 119.29%, respectively) under chromate stress (350 µg/ml) as compared to uninoculated controls. Similarly, UT8 inoculated seedlings also exhibited remarkable augmentation in the plant height (49.18%), tiller number/plant (87.96%), and grain yield/pot (108.96%) under chromate as compared to inoculum free treatment (control). Scanning electron micrographs of S. simulans UT8 treated seedlings root exhibited enhanced colonization in the presence of Cr (VI). Chromate removal potential of strain UT8 and the competence to secrete active phytohormones make it among the agronomically potent microorganisms to enhance wheat growth in metal-polluted soils.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"189 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2049682
Amudala Prathap, W. Shaikh, Kuldeep Baudhh, S. Chakraborty
Abstract Quality of land once disturbed due to mining either by opencast or underground mines though it cannot be fully restored back, it can be reclaimed by phyto-management. However, its success depends on the selection of the plant species based on their remediation ability. Here, an attempt was made to select native plant species which are dominant in a mining area of Kuju and Charhi, Jharkhand, India and have good metal accumulating capacity from coal mine overburden (OB) dumps. First, vegetation community study was performed to identify the dominant herb and shrub species through quadrat method. Seven dominant plant species were selected from the OB dumps and analyzed for metal uptake. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cd, Ni, As, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn and Se were calculated to understand the pattern of bioaccumulation and translocation into the various plant parts, respectively. Four plant species viz. Cynodon dactylon, Eulaliopsis binata, Croton oblongifolius, Lantana indica were found to be abundant in the area and efficient accumulators of metals from the soil. The order of uptake for the various metals in mg/kg of dry weight by the abundant plant species were Fe: 1191 > Mn: 441 > Zn: 232 > As: 12.5 > Ni: 10.91 > Pb: 8.6 > Se: 0.7 > Cd: 0.15. These species can thus be further utilized for phytoremediation of the degraded OB dumps and similar studies can help in other OB dump reclamation in other geographical and climatic regimes.
{"title":"Phyto-management potential of naturally thriving plants on the metal contaminated overburden dump of coal mines: a study from Jharkhand, India","authors":"Amudala Prathap, W. Shaikh, Kuldeep Baudhh, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2049682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2049682","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quality of land once disturbed due to mining either by opencast or underground mines though it cannot be fully restored back, it can be reclaimed by phyto-management. However, its success depends on the selection of the plant species based on their remediation ability. Here, an attempt was made to select native plant species which are dominant in a mining area of Kuju and Charhi, Jharkhand, India and have good metal accumulating capacity from coal mine overburden (OB) dumps. First, vegetation community study was performed to identify the dominant herb and shrub species through quadrat method. Seven dominant plant species were selected from the OB dumps and analyzed for metal uptake. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cd, Ni, As, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn and Se were calculated to understand the pattern of bioaccumulation and translocation into the various plant parts, respectively. Four plant species viz. Cynodon dactylon, Eulaliopsis binata, Croton oblongifolius, Lantana indica were found to be abundant in the area and efficient accumulators of metals from the soil. The order of uptake for the various metals in mg/kg of dry weight by the abundant plant species were Fe: 1191 > Mn: 441 > Zn: 232 > As: 12.5 > Ni: 10.91 > Pb: 8.6 > Se: 0.7 > Cd: 0.15. These species can thus be further utilized for phytoremediation of the degraded OB dumps and similar studies can help in other OB dump reclamation in other geographical and climatic regimes.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"290 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2049680
Joong-Wook Park, D. Crowley
Abstract The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil is enhanced by chemical constituents of various plant species that support the growth and activity of PAH degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated the phytochemical effects of celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) root tissues, a known stimulator of PAH degradation, on the copy numbers of nahAc, xylE, and 16S rRNA genes to determine the relative contributions of growth-linked degradation versus selective enrichment of PAH degraders. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes, as a reporter of general bacterial population size, increased approximately 2- to 5-fold in soil amended with celeriac, but were not affected by exposure to naphthalene alone. In contrast, copy numbers of two functional genes (nahAc and xylE), commonly used as reporters for monitoring the population size of PAH degraders, were significantly increased following exposure to naphthalene but were differently affected by soil amendment with celeriac. As compared with the copy numbers of nahAc gene in unamended control soil, the nahAc copy numbers were increased by 460-fold in soil amended with naphthalene alone and by 610-fold in soil amended with both naphthalene and celeriac after 10 days of incubation. The copy numbers of xylE were increased by 20-fold in soil amended with naphthalene alone and increased by 200-fold in soil amended with both naphthalene and celeriac after 10 days of incubation. The result suggests that increased degradation rates of PAHs in the presence of celeriac involves both growth linked processes and selective enrichment of the degrader population.
{"title":"Phytochemical effects of Apium graveolens on the abundances of functional genes associated with PAH degradation in soil","authors":"Joong-Wook Park, D. Crowley","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2049680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2049680","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil is enhanced by chemical constituents of various plant species that support the growth and activity of PAH degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated the phytochemical effects of celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) root tissues, a known stimulator of PAH degradation, on the copy numbers of nahAc, xylE, and 16S rRNA genes to determine the relative contributions of growth-linked degradation versus selective enrichment of PAH degraders. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes, as a reporter of general bacterial population size, increased approximately 2- to 5-fold in soil amended with celeriac, but were not affected by exposure to naphthalene alone. In contrast, copy numbers of two functional genes (nahAc and xylE), commonly used as reporters for monitoring the population size of PAH degraders, were significantly increased following exposure to naphthalene but were differently affected by soil amendment with celeriac. As compared with the copy numbers of nahAc gene in unamended control soil, the nahAc copy numbers were increased by 460-fold in soil amended with naphthalene alone and by 610-fold in soil amended with both naphthalene and celeriac after 10 days of incubation. The copy numbers of xylE were increased by 20-fold in soil amended with naphthalene alone and increased by 200-fold in soil amended with both naphthalene and celeriac after 10 days of incubation. The result suggests that increased degradation rates of PAHs in the presence of celeriac involves both growth linked processes and selective enrichment of the degrader population.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"281 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2049677
M. Sinduja, V. Sathya, M. Maheswari, P. Kalpana, P. Dhevagi, G K Dinesh, T. Chitdeshwari
Abstract The biotoxicity of chromium (Cr) present in the soil is determined by the transformation and bioavailability of chemical species. A better understanding of these factors aids in developing appropriate remediation strategies for Cr contaminated soils. The present work studied the transformation of Cr in soil and the effect of bioamendments by conducting a laboratory closed incubation experiment of 60 days (duration). The physical properties of the contaminated soil were enhanced by the addition of bioamendments such as farmyard manure, composted poultry manure, pressmud compost, and biochar with two moisture conditions. The biochar reduced the bioavailable fractions of Cr due to the high surface area. Therefore, it facilitates a higher adsorption rate, whereas poultry manure and pressmud compost increased the bioavailability of Cr. The pH ranged from 7.04 to 8.25 throughout the experiment in both the condition. Comparing the other fractions, higher concentration was recorded in the residual fractions of 89.85 to 124.77 mg Kg−1 in the field capacity condition and 93.85 to 114.29 mg Kg−1 in alternate wetting and drying conditions. FTIR analyses of bio-amendments demonstrated similar variations in physicochemical characteristics wherein higher concentration was observed in biochar (3700–3200 cm −1 ). A significant reduction of bioavailable fractions of chromium was observed in biochar (80%) amended soil, followed by farmyard manure (70%). The lowest reduction was observed in the pressmud amended soils (55%). Biochar amended soil significantly reduced the fractions of Cr and increased the organic carbon; thus, it demonstrating the impacts of bioamendments on the mobilization or immobilization of Cr in the contaminated soil, and this can be effectively used in the bioremediation of Cr contaminated soil. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Chemical transformation and bioavailability of chromium in the contaminated soil amended with bioamendments","authors":"M. Sinduja, V. Sathya, M. Maheswari, P. Kalpana, P. Dhevagi, G K Dinesh, T. Chitdeshwari","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2049677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2049677","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biotoxicity of chromium (Cr) present in the soil is determined by the transformation and bioavailability of chemical species. A better understanding of these factors aids in developing appropriate remediation strategies for Cr contaminated soils. The present work studied the transformation of Cr in soil and the effect of bioamendments by conducting a laboratory closed incubation experiment of 60 days (duration). The physical properties of the contaminated soil were enhanced by the addition of bioamendments such as farmyard manure, composted poultry manure, pressmud compost, and biochar with two moisture conditions. The biochar reduced the bioavailable fractions of Cr due to the high surface area. Therefore, it facilitates a higher adsorption rate, whereas poultry manure and pressmud compost increased the bioavailability of Cr. The pH ranged from 7.04 to 8.25 throughout the experiment in both the condition. Comparing the other fractions, higher concentration was recorded in the residual fractions of 89.85 to 124.77 mg Kg−1 in the field capacity condition and 93.85 to 114.29 mg Kg−1 in alternate wetting and drying conditions. FTIR analyses of bio-amendments demonstrated similar variations in physicochemical characteristics wherein higher concentration was observed in biochar (3700–3200 cm −1 ). A significant reduction of bioavailable fractions of chromium was observed in biochar (80%) amended soil, followed by farmyard manure (70%). The lowest reduction was observed in the pressmud amended soils (55%). Biochar amended soil significantly reduced the fractions of Cr and increased the organic carbon; thus, it demonstrating the impacts of bioamendments on the mobilization or immobilization of Cr in the contaminated soil, and this can be effectively used in the bioremediation of Cr contaminated soil. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"229 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42798996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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