Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2049679
Jefferson Luiz, Antunes Santos, K. V. A. ujo, J. Busato, M. Pittarello, J. Leite, L. B. Dobbss
Abstract The use of arsenic (As) tolerant plants and those with a well-developed root system have shown great relevance in phytoremediation campaigns. Corymbia citriodora presents these characteristics that can be enhanced by humic substances (HS) from organic matter. The objective of the present study was to determine if HS extracted from vermicompost can modify the root system architecture, stimulate growth, increase robustness and relieve stress promoted by As in C. citriodora seedlings. Two preliminary tests were carried out to obtain the best concentration-response for HS and the toxic As concentration. Subsequently, an experiment was carried out in nursery pots with nutrient solution and four treatments: Control, HS, As and As + HS. HS alleviated the reduced growth caused by As with regards to dry mass, root collar diameter and height of the aerial part. The Dickson quality index (DQI) was reduced by the action of As and this negative affect was mitigated by HS. Our results show the positive effect of the HS in alleviating As abiotic stress in C. citriodora seedlings, demonstrating its potential to mitigate the toxicity of this chemical element.
{"title":"Humic substances stimulate initial growth and reduce arsenic stress in Corymbia citriodora seedlings","authors":"Jefferson Luiz, Antunes Santos, K. V. A. ujo, J. Busato, M. Pittarello, J. Leite, L. B. Dobbss","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2049679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2049679","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of arsenic (As) tolerant plants and those with a well-developed root system have shown great relevance in phytoremediation campaigns. Corymbia citriodora presents these characteristics that can be enhanced by humic substances (HS) from organic matter. The objective of the present study was to determine if HS extracted from vermicompost can modify the root system architecture, stimulate growth, increase robustness and relieve stress promoted by As in C. citriodora seedlings. Two preliminary tests were carried out to obtain the best concentration-response for HS and the toxic As concentration. Subsequently, an experiment was carried out in nursery pots with nutrient solution and four treatments: Control, HS, As and As + HS. HS alleviated the reduced growth caused by As with regards to dry mass, root collar diameter and height of the aerial part. The Dickson quality index (DQI) was reduced by the action of As and this negative affect was mitigated by HS. Our results show the positive effect of the HS in alleviating As abiotic stress in C. citriodora seedlings, demonstrating its potential to mitigate the toxicity of this chemical element.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"273 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41851915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2021.1973951
P. Bhatt, M. Tiwari, Prasoon Parmarick, Kalpana Bhatt, S. Gangola, Muhammad Adnan, Yashpal Singh, M. Bilal, Shakeel Ahmed, Shaohua Chen
Abstract The present study aimed to give insights into the binding interactions of the laccases and peroxidase for the degradation of the lignin. The active site of the applied enzymes contains the amino acids that are playing an essential role in lignin degradation. The binding pocket amino acids have interacted with the lignin via the hydrogen, alkyl and van der Waal bonds. The mutagenesis in the active sites of these enzymes predicted the increasing and decreasing performance of the lignin-degrading enzymes. Ramachandran plot analysis of the Laccase and peroxidases determined the active conformation of the lignin-degrading enzymes. Phylogenetic study of the Laccase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase and manganese peroxidase suggested each of the enzymes belong to the separate protein cluster. The present study reveals the binding potential of the various lignin-degrading enzymes that could increase our understanding of the application of plant biomass large scales.
{"title":"Insights into the catalytic mechanism of ligninolytic peroxidase and laccase in lignin degradation","authors":"P. Bhatt, M. Tiwari, Prasoon Parmarick, Kalpana Bhatt, S. Gangola, Muhammad Adnan, Yashpal Singh, M. Bilal, Shakeel Ahmed, Shaohua Chen","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2021.1973951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1973951","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to give insights into the binding interactions of the laccases and peroxidase for the degradation of the lignin. The active site of the applied enzymes contains the amino acids that are playing an essential role in lignin degradation. The binding pocket amino acids have interacted with the lignin via the hydrogen, alkyl and van der Waal bonds. The mutagenesis in the active sites of these enzymes predicted the increasing and decreasing performance of the lignin-degrading enzymes. Ramachandran plot analysis of the Laccase and peroxidases determined the active conformation of the lignin-degrading enzymes. Phylogenetic study of the Laccase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase and manganese peroxidase suggested each of the enzymes belong to the separate protein cluster. The present study reveals the binding potential of the various lignin-degrading enzymes that could increase our understanding of the application of plant biomass large scales.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"281 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2021.1964429
J. Jardine
Abstract Hot spring bacteria, Bacillus and Bacillus-related spp. from South Africa were screened for biosorption and biosurfactant properties for bioremediation of toxic pollutants. Concentrations of heavy metal ions of copper, chromium, nickel and iron were determined spectrophotometrically. Biosorption resulted in reductions of chromium and copper with four isolates (7T, 9T, 30M, 83Li) but not for iron and nickel. The majority of 40 isolates were biosurfactant positive using paraffin oil. Twelve of which were further screened against petroleum and sunflower seed oil with only four showing positive in all assays tested (16S, 71T, 76S, 85Li). By LC-MS, two isolates (76S, 77S) were shown to produce biosurfactant, subtilisin. Nine biosurfactant-positive isolates were screened for their anti-biofilm properties. Brevibacillus sp. (16S) was able to disrupt a crystal violet stained biofilm of Bacillus subtilis (54T). Screening of bacterial isolates from hot springs reveals potential bacterial candidates with diverse biophysical properties that can be useful in bioremediation of hazardous polluted water.
{"title":"Potential bioremediation of heavy metal ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biofilms with South African hot spring bacteria","authors":"J. Jardine","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2021.1964429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1964429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hot spring bacteria, Bacillus and Bacillus-related spp. from South Africa were screened for biosorption and biosurfactant properties for bioremediation of toxic pollutants. Concentrations of heavy metal ions of copper, chromium, nickel and iron were determined spectrophotometrically. Biosorption resulted in reductions of chromium and copper with four isolates (7T, 9T, 30M, 83Li) but not for iron and nickel. The majority of 40 isolates were biosurfactant positive using paraffin oil. Twelve of which were further screened against petroleum and sunflower seed oil with only four showing positive in all assays tested (16S, 71T, 76S, 85Li). By LC-MS, two isolates (76S, 77S) were shown to produce biosurfactant, subtilisin. Nine biosurfactant-positive isolates were screened for their anti-biofilm properties. Brevibacillus sp. (16S) was able to disrupt a crystal violet stained biofilm of Bacillus subtilis (54T). Screening of bacterial isolates from hot springs reveals potential bacterial candidates with diverse biophysical properties that can be useful in bioremediation of hazardous polluted water.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"261 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2040413
P. Venkatesan, Mythili Sathiavelu
Abstract Chromium is a harmful heavy metal that is often found in tannery effluent. It is potentially toxic in nature and also acts as an anthropogenic source, so chromium ion is considered to be an environmental contaminant. The toxic effluents are generally treated in the process of remediation by using micro or macro-algae called “Phycoremediation” and it has shown effective cleanup approaches. The present study deals with the phycoremediation of chromium ion polluted effluent in Ambur tanneries. The isolated microalgae were collected from the estuary near the industrial site, which was observed for the preliminary metal tolerance activity then morphologically identified with the help of a compound microscope and they are named SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The taxonomical examination reveals that SMA1 is found to be 98.66% similar to Chlamydomonas moewusii, SMA2 was 99.24% similar to Scenedesmus sp., and SMA3 was 98.88% similar with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa. The identified microalgae were growing in the specific growth media BG11 and tannery effluent was supplemented along with the culture media to determine the growth rate, biomass production, and total protein content, which also regulates the potential bio-sorption and absorption rate of Cr(VI) ion. The activity of biosorption was seen to be 90% for C. moewusii (SMA1), 65% for Scenedesmus sp. (SMA2), and 80% for A. pyrenoidosa (SMA3), which showed the potential activity in phycoremediation process. Adsorption mechanism is studied by kinetic modeling of data experimentation which is bound with pseudo-first-order kinetics and pseudo-second-order kinetics; this mechanism exposed the adsorption capability of microalgae. The outcome of this study shows that the microalgae species are considered to be the most effective biosorbents for removing Cr(VI) ions from the tannery effluent.
{"title":"Effective kinetic modeling and phycoremediation of Cr(IV) ions from tannery effluent by using microalgae – Chlamydomonas moewusii, Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus sp.","authors":"P. Venkatesan, Mythili Sathiavelu","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2040413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2040413","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chromium is a harmful heavy metal that is often found in tannery effluent. It is potentially toxic in nature and also acts as an anthropogenic source, so chromium ion is considered to be an environmental contaminant. The toxic effluents are generally treated in the process of remediation by using micro or macro-algae called “Phycoremediation” and it has shown effective cleanup approaches. The present study deals with the phycoremediation of chromium ion polluted effluent in Ambur tanneries. The isolated microalgae were collected from the estuary near the industrial site, which was observed for the preliminary metal tolerance activity then morphologically identified with the help of a compound microscope and they are named SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The taxonomical examination reveals that SMA1 is found to be 98.66% similar to Chlamydomonas moewusii, SMA2 was 99.24% similar to Scenedesmus sp., and SMA3 was 98.88% similar with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa. The identified microalgae were growing in the specific growth media BG11 and tannery effluent was supplemented along with the culture media to determine the growth rate, biomass production, and total protein content, which also regulates the potential bio-sorption and absorption rate of Cr(VI) ion. The activity of biosorption was seen to be 90% for C. moewusii (SMA1), 65% for Scenedesmus sp. (SMA2), and 80% for A. pyrenoidosa (SMA3), which showed the potential activity in phycoremediation process. Adsorption mechanism is studied by kinetic modeling of data experimentation which is bound with pseudo-first-order kinetics and pseudo-second-order kinetics; this mechanism exposed the adsorption capability of microalgae. The outcome of this study shows that the microalgae species are considered to be the most effective biosorbents for removing Cr(VI) ions from the tannery effluent.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"169 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42482820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2042185
N. Kashina, M. Saksonov, A. D. Stom, G. Zhdanova, A. Kupchinsky, D. Stom
Abstract In order to determine optimum and ecologically acceptable conditions for aromatic amines (benzidine was chosen as an example) elimination by chara algae Nitella sp. a multi-factor experiment has been undertaken. The benzidine elimination process by chara algae was studied by variation of four factors, such as benzidine initial concentration in water solution, algae biomass, temperature, time and at the interaction of these factors as well. A mathematical model adequately describing the benzidine elimination process by chara algae at the optimal conditions has been obtained by means of design of experiments method. Suggested model might be useful for obtaining the data important for hydro botanical treatment facilities design and self-cleaning processes understanding.
{"title":"Design of experiments to optimize the process of aromatic amines elimination by hydrophytes","authors":"N. Kashina, M. Saksonov, A. D. Stom, G. Zhdanova, A. Kupchinsky, D. Stom","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2042185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2042185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to determine optimum and ecologically acceptable conditions for aromatic amines (benzidine was chosen as an example) elimination by chara algae Nitella sp. a multi-factor experiment has been undertaken. The benzidine elimination process by chara algae was studied by variation of four factors, such as benzidine initial concentration in water solution, algae biomass, temperature, time and at the interaction of these factors as well. A mathematical model adequately describing the benzidine elimination process by chara algae at the optimal conditions has been obtained by means of design of experiments method. Suggested model might be useful for obtaining the data important for hydro botanical treatment facilities design and self-cleaning processes understanding.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"263 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2043235
A. C. Ramdass, S. Rampersad
Abstract Methods to improve the efficiency of bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites involves the assessment of microbial consortia in culture. In the present study, the cooperative capabilities of indigenous bacteria, yeast and fungi, as naturally-occurring consortia isolated from chronically contaminated sites in Trinidad, were screened to determine the most efficient associations that resulted in maximum oil clearance. Thirty naturally-occurring consortia involving both known biosurfactant-producing and non-producing isolates were screened. A total of sixteen combinations of yeast with fungi and bacteria with fungi were found to be the most efficient at crude oil deterioration based on >70% a zone of clearance around the original inoculum site on different media. The study revealed a difference in degradation action of strain-specific combinations which confirmed that the development of microbial consortia is both strain- and site-specific. Those consortia composed of biosurfactant-producing members were the most efficient at crude oil removal.
{"title":"Naturally-occurring microbial consortia for the potential bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted sites in Trinidad","authors":"A. C. Ramdass, S. Rampersad","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2043235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2043235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methods to improve the efficiency of bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites involves the assessment of microbial consortia in culture. In the present study, the cooperative capabilities of indigenous bacteria, yeast and fungi, as naturally-occurring consortia isolated from chronically contaminated sites in Trinidad, were screened to determine the most efficient associations that resulted in maximum oil clearance. Thirty naturally-occurring consortia involving both known biosurfactant-producing and non-producing isolates were screened. A total of sixteen combinations of yeast with fungi and bacteria with fungi were found to be the most efficient at crude oil deterioration based on >70% a zone of clearance around the original inoculum site on different media. The study revealed a difference in degradation action of strain-specific combinations which confirmed that the development of microbial consortia is both strain- and site-specific. Those consortia composed of biosurfactant-producing members were the most efficient at crude oil removal.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42953928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Selenium is an essential trace element inevitably present in almost all the soils. It exists in the various chemical forms at a particular site due to the various features such as pH, organic matter, concentration of cations and anions of the site. An excessive concentration of selenium has been reported in various regions of Punjab. The present research has explicated the mobility of selenium by indigenous bacterial strains isolated from seleniferous soil of Punjab, India. Physiochemical characterization of the soil sample indicated alkaline nature which in turns favors the existence and mobility of selenium oxyanions in the soil. A significant concentration of selenium (2.652 µg/g) has been reported in the soil sample. Total four bacterial strains were isolated from the soil based on their growth in selenium oxyanions supplemented medium. Bacterial isolate SGB-5 was explored for selenium sequestration and transformation studies on the basis of tolerance to selenium oxyanions especially selenate. ICP-MS analysis of biomass indicated significant sequestration of selenium (upto 70%) by the isolate SGB-5. X-ray diffraction spectrum of biomass associated selenium revealed the reduced and crystalline nature of selenium in the biomass. SEM-EDX analysis further confirmed the accumulation of nano-sized elemental selenium around the bacterial cells. Further SGB-5 strain was characterized and identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
{"title":"Selenium uptake and immobilization using indigenous Bacillus strain isolated from seleniferous soils of Punjab","authors":"Santhoshkumar Gupta, Bandana, Baby, Abhijit Kumar, Vijay Singh","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2040414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2040414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Selenium is an essential trace element inevitably present in almost all the soils. It exists in the various chemical forms at a particular site due to the various features such as pH, organic matter, concentration of cations and anions of the site. An excessive concentration of selenium has been reported in various regions of Punjab. The present research has explicated the mobility of selenium by indigenous bacterial strains isolated from seleniferous soil of Punjab, India. Physiochemical characterization of the soil sample indicated alkaline nature which in turns favors the existence and mobility of selenium oxyanions in the soil. A significant concentration of selenium (2.652 µg/g) has been reported in the soil sample. Total four bacterial strains were isolated from the soil based on their growth in selenium oxyanions supplemented medium. Bacterial isolate SGB-5 was explored for selenium sequestration and transformation studies on the basis of tolerance to selenium oxyanions especially selenate. ICP-MS analysis of biomass indicated significant sequestration of selenium (upto 70%) by the isolate SGB-5. X-ray diffraction spectrum of biomass associated selenium revealed the reduced and crystalline nature of selenium in the biomass. SEM-EDX analysis further confirmed the accumulation of nano-sized elemental selenium around the bacterial cells. Further SGB-5 strain was characterized and identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-11DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2029822
Xin Wang, Yanan Zhang, Zhaoxing Li, Jia Bao
Abstract Chlorimuron-ethyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide with broad-spectrum weed control characteristics, low utilization rate, relatively high persistence in the soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl has been widely used world-over, and strategies for its removal have attracted increasing attention. Microbial degradation is considered the most acceptable dissipation method. We obtained the best biodegradation conditions using response surface methodology. Through the cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge, we proposed a metabolic route for chlorimuron-ethyl degradation. Under these conditions (pH 6, 30 °C), Irpex lacteus could degrade 72.40% of the initially supplemented 40 mg L−1 chlorimuron-ethyl within 7 days. The half-life of chlorimuron-ethyl after inoculation was fairly short (4.696 days). The biodegradation rate of chlorimuron-ethyl by Irpex lacteus was 56.1%, which was higher than that of Phlebia sp. (50.8%) and Funalia trogii (25.4%). The pH value has an impact on the free state of the substrate molecule and the dissociation state of the enzyme molecule. The biodegradation rate was the highest (58.5%) at a pH value of 6. When the temperature was 30 °C, 56.3% of chlorimuron-ethyl was eliminated. As the temperature increased, the biodegradation rate of chlorimuron-ethyl by white-rot fungi decreased. Based on the results of LC–MS analysis, a metabolic route for chlorimuron-ethyl biodegradation was proposed. The fragment at m/z 161 (2-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine) originates from the cleavage of the C-N bond of the sulfonylurea bridge, while generating ethyl 2-sulfamoyl benzoate. The fragment at m/z 202 (2-sulfamoyl benzoic acid) corresponds to the ethyl group lost from ethyl 2-sulfamoyl benzoate. Due to the different secreted enzymes, there was a gap between the three strains in the degradation efficiency of chlorimuron-ethyl. The degradation rate of the herbicide by Phlebia sp. was the highest (61.7%), while by Irpex lacteus was the lowest (42.7%). Three white-rot fungi could degrade chlorimuron-ethyl in malt extract. LC–MS analysis indicated that the cleavage of sulfonylurea bridge through Irpex lacteus mediated the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl. And, inoculation with white-rot fungi enhanced chlorimuron-ethyl degradation in aseptic soil samples. This is the principal report revealing that white-rot fungi can evacuate sulfonylurea herbicides, demonstrating that white-rot fungi will give novel ideas into the biodegradation of herbicides.
{"title":"Rapid degradation of the sulfonylurea herbicide–chlorimuron-ethyl by three novel strains of fungi","authors":"Xin Wang, Yanan Zhang, Zhaoxing Li, Jia Bao","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2022.2029822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2022.2029822","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chlorimuron-ethyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide with broad-spectrum weed control characteristics, low utilization rate, relatively high persistence in the soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl has been widely used world-over, and strategies for its removal have attracted increasing attention. Microbial degradation is considered the most acceptable dissipation method. We obtained the best biodegradation conditions using response surface methodology. Through the cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge, we proposed a metabolic route for chlorimuron-ethyl degradation. Under these conditions (pH 6, 30 °C), Irpex lacteus could degrade 72.40% of the initially supplemented 40 mg L−1 chlorimuron-ethyl within 7 days. The half-life of chlorimuron-ethyl after inoculation was fairly short (4.696 days). The biodegradation rate of chlorimuron-ethyl by Irpex lacteus was 56.1%, which was higher than that of Phlebia sp. (50.8%) and Funalia trogii (25.4%). The pH value has an impact on the free state of the substrate molecule and the dissociation state of the enzyme molecule. The biodegradation rate was the highest (58.5%) at a pH value of 6. When the temperature was 30 °C, 56.3% of chlorimuron-ethyl was eliminated. As the temperature increased, the biodegradation rate of chlorimuron-ethyl by white-rot fungi decreased. Based on the results of LC–MS analysis, a metabolic route for chlorimuron-ethyl biodegradation was proposed. The fragment at m/z 161 (2-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine) originates from the cleavage of the C-N bond of the sulfonylurea bridge, while generating ethyl 2-sulfamoyl benzoate. The fragment at m/z 202 (2-sulfamoyl benzoic acid) corresponds to the ethyl group lost from ethyl 2-sulfamoyl benzoate. Due to the different secreted enzymes, there was a gap between the three strains in the degradation efficiency of chlorimuron-ethyl. The degradation rate of the herbicide by Phlebia sp. was the highest (61.7%), while by Irpex lacteus was the lowest (42.7%). Three white-rot fungi could degrade chlorimuron-ethyl in malt extract. LC–MS analysis indicated that the cleavage of sulfonylurea bridge through Irpex lacteus mediated the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl. And, inoculation with white-rot fungi enhanced chlorimuron-ethyl degradation in aseptic soil samples. This is the principal report revealing that white-rot fungi can evacuate sulfonylurea herbicides, demonstrating that white-rot fungi will give novel ideas into the biodegradation of herbicides.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"137 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43857914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-11DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2029824
Sasmita Das, B. Behera, M. Sudarshan, A. Chakraborty, H. Thatoi
Abstract Chromite mine water with a high concentration of Cr(VI) harbors highly chromium resistant bacteria, which could benefit the mine environment and be used for economic bioremediation strategy for chromate polluted ecosystems. In the present investigation, eight comparatively high chromium tolerant (≥500 mg L−1) bacteria were isolated from water samples of the Sukinda chromite mine environment. Their morpho-biochemical and molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) characterization revealed that most of the bacteria belong to the members of the genus Bacillus, Lysinibacillus boronitolerens, and Alcaligenes faecalis. It was observed that all the eight bacterial isolates could reduce above 90% of Cr(VI) (p < 0.05) within 288 h. Out of these eight isolates, Alcaligenes faecalis (CWB-4) could able to reduce the maximum (99.77%) supplied Cr(VI) after 144 h, as the most efficient Cr (VI) reducing strain whereas, Licinibacillus boronitolerens (CWB-2) showed the least Cr(VI) reduction ability. The enzyme activities of the eight isolates were in the range of 0.67 to 5.07 U mL−1. Hence, the high chromate tolerant bacterial isolates, with Cr (VI) reducing potential isolated in the present study, could be considered promising biological agents for bioremediation of environments polluted with chromium.
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Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2021.1990208
Panteha Pirieh, F. Naeimpoor
Abstract Sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate are among contaminants with undesirable effects on ecosystems. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) can metabolize these compounds into less pernicious products such as elemental sulfur (S0). In this study, products distribution of thiosulfate bio-oxidation with emphasis on S0 was investigated in shake flasks (SFs) and 1 L stirred bioreactor (SB) using an indigenous SOB consortium. Enrichment of original cells taken from Atashkoh soil resulted in complete oxidation of 3000 ppm thiosulfate and 14% S0 formation as compared to 45% oxidation of original cells. The agarose plate method was selected to preserve this enriched-consortium due to the retrieval of more sulfur (30% in SF). Oxidation of 3000 ppm thiosulfate in SB resulted in 35.2% S0 formation and noticeably a higher thiosulfate depletion rate of 1 compared to 0.2 mmol S L−1 h−1 in SF. Complete oxidation of higher levels of thiosulfate (4000–6000 ppm) was achieved in SB and S0 was reclaimed by a maximum of 40% at 6000 ppm thiosulfate. The dominant strain was isolated and identified by 16S rRNA as Ochrobactrum sp. PN1. Although thiosulfate oxidation by this isolate was quite similar to the consortium, S0 formation was higher (195 mg S L−1) by the consortium compared to the isolated strain (138 mg S L−1). Our enriched SOB consortium was therefore well capable of partial oxidation of thiosulfate into S0, a less polluting intermediate product with versatile applications.
摘要硫代硫酸盐等含硫化合物是对生态系统产生不良影响的污染物之一。硫氧化细菌（SOB）可以将这些化合物代谢成危害较小的产物，如元素硫（S0）。在本研究中，在摇瓶（SF）和1 L搅拌生物反应器（SB），其使用本地SOB联合体。从阿塔什科土壤中提取的原始细胞的富集导致3000个细胞的完全氧化 ppm硫代硫酸盐和14%的S0形成，而原始细胞的氧化率为45%。由于回收了更多的硫（在SF中为30%），选择琼脂糖平板法来保存这种富集的聚集体。3000氧化 SB中的硫代硫酸盐ppm导致35.2%的S0形成，并且与0.2相比，硫代硫酸盐的消耗率明显更高，为1 毫摩尔 S L−1 h−1在SF中。完全氧化更高水平的硫代硫酸盐（4000–6000 ppm），并且S0在6000时回收最多40% ppm硫代硫酸盐。优势菌株经16S rRNA鉴定为Ochrobactrum sp.PN1。尽管该分离物对硫代硫酸盐的氧化与财团非常相似，但S0的形成更高（195 毫克 S L−1）与分离菌株（138 毫克 S L−1）。因此，我们的富集SOB财团能够很好地将硫代硫酸盐部分氧化为S0，这是一种污染较小的中间产品，具有多种用途。
{"title":"Retrieving sulfur in thiosulfate bio-oxidation: indigenous consortium vs. its dominant isolate Ochrobactrum sp.","authors":"Panteha Pirieh, F. Naeimpoor","doi":"10.1080/10889868.2021.1990208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1990208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate are among contaminants with undesirable effects on ecosystems. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) can metabolize these compounds into less pernicious products such as elemental sulfur (S0). In this study, products distribution of thiosulfate bio-oxidation with emphasis on S0 was investigated in shake flasks (SFs) and 1 L stirred bioreactor (SB) using an indigenous SOB consortium. Enrichment of original cells taken from Atashkoh soil resulted in complete oxidation of 3000 ppm thiosulfate and 14% S0 formation as compared to 45% oxidation of original cells. The agarose plate method was selected to preserve this enriched-consortium due to the retrieval of more sulfur (30% in SF). Oxidation of 3000 ppm thiosulfate in SB resulted in 35.2% S0 formation and noticeably a higher thiosulfate depletion rate of 1 compared to 0.2 mmol S L−1 h−1 in SF. Complete oxidation of higher levels of thiosulfate (4000–6000 ppm) was achieved in SB and S0 was reclaimed by a maximum of 40% at 6000 ppm thiosulfate. The dominant strain was isolated and identified by 16S rRNA as Ochrobactrum sp. PN1. Although thiosulfate oxidation by this isolate was quite similar to the consortium, S0 formation was higher (195 mg S L−1) by the consortium compared to the isolated strain (138 mg S L−1). Our enriched SOB consortium was therefore well capable of partial oxidation of thiosulfate into S0, a less polluting intermediate product with versatile applications.","PeriodicalId":8935,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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