Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20240801.13
S. Gurmu, Muhidin Biya
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in terms of production and consumption in Ethiopia. The country has the potential to produce a sufficient amount of wheat grain using irrigation, and government also gave attention to produce wheat and export it. But inappropriate agronomic practices, soil fertility depletion, and drought are among the constraints to the low yield of wheat crops in the country. In view of this, the field experiment was conducted during the irrigation season of 2020/2021 in two districts that are selected as irrigation potential and irrigation facilities namely, Sekacokorsa and Tiroafetadistricts of Jimma zone. The field experiment consisted of four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg Nha-1) and three seed rates (125, 150, and 175 kg•ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. From the field experiment results, the growth, yield and yield components of the crop were improved by optimizing plant population density and nitrogenfertilizerapplication. Numerically the highest grain yield and above ground biomass of 6.7 and 13.09 t•ha-1at Tiroafeta and 3.67 and 9.61 t•ha-1 at Sekacokorsawas recorded in response to the seed rate of 175 kg•ha-1 respectively. On other hand in response to N fertilizer rate the maximum grain yield of 6.9 t•ha-1and above ground biomass of 14.04 t•ha-1 at Tiroafetawas recorded from 92kg N ha-1and 69 kg N ha-1 respectively. Whereas at Sekacokorsa the highest grain yield of 3.72 t•ha-1and above ground biomass of 9.76 t•ha-1 was obtained from nitrogen fertilizer rate of 46kg N ha-1. In conclusion, N fertilizer rate of 46kg•Nha-1 and seed rates of 125 kg•ha-1in both locationsgavethe optimum yield. But due to the field experiment was done for one year only it should be repeated over the years to give sound recommendationsunder similar agro ecologies.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat in Jimma Zone South Western Ethiopia","authors":"S. Gurmu, Muhidin Biya","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20240801.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20240801.13","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in terms of production and consumption in Ethiopia. The country has the potential to produce a sufficient amount of wheat grain using irrigation, and government also gave attention to produce wheat and export it. But inappropriate agronomic practices, soil fertility depletion, and drought are among the constraints to the low yield of wheat crops in the country. In view of this, the field experiment was conducted during the irrigation season of 2020/2021 in two districts that are selected as irrigation potential and irrigation facilities namely, Sekacokorsa and Tiroafetadistricts of Jimma zone. The field experiment consisted of four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg Nha<sup>-1</sup>) and three seed rates (125, 150, and 175 kg•ha<sup>-1</sup>). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. From the field experiment results, the growth, yield and yield components of the crop were improved by optimizing plant population density and nitrogenfertilizerapplication. Numerically the highest grain yield and above ground biomass of 6.7 and 13.09 t•ha<sup>-1</sup>at Tiroafeta and 3.67 and 9.61 t•ha<sup>-1</sup> at Sekacokorsawas recorded in response to the seed rate of 175 kg•ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. On other hand in response to N fertilizer rate the maximum grain yield of 6.9 t•ha<sup>-1</sup>and above ground biomass of 14.04 t•ha<sup>-1</sup> at Tiroafetawas recorded from 92kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>and 69 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Whereas at Sekacokorsa the highest grain yield of 3.72 t•ha<sup>-1</sup>and above ground biomass of 9.76 t•ha<sup>-1</sup> was obtained from nitrogen fertilizer rate of 46kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>. In conclusion, N fertilizer rate of 46kg•Nha<sup>-1</sup> and seed rates of 125 kg•ha<sup>-1</sup>in both locationsgavethe optimum yield. But due to the field experiment was done for one year only it should be repeated over the years to give sound recommendationsunder similar agro ecologies.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20240801.12
Kasahun Wale
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is tuberous roots, drought tolerant, which is high in carbohydrate content and a cheap source of food. However it needs removal of toxic substance which is called hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which can be easily removed. There are two types of common preparation methods, preparing it by drying it in the sun and preparing it by boiling. Removing toxic cyanide by drying is less effective, however boiling is better method of removing cyanide from cassava roots. Cassava is used as a raw material in different food industries. In Ethiopia, there is cassava processing industry around Addis Ababa located at Dukem area. There are different trends of cassava based recipe preparations. Especially in Ethiopia there are exotic cassava based recipe items. Some of the trends in Ethiopia as formulated by Jimma Agricultural Research Center are; cassava bread with different flour compositions, cassava with corn flour composite recipe, cassava with teff flour composite recipe, Cassava syrup stew, Cassava porridge, Cassava biscuits and so on are exotic recipe with good sensorial values and proximate compositions. Due to its drought tolerant nature and nutritional excellence; cassava production, utilization and popularization is best strategy for food system resilience in the world wide.
木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz）是块根，耐旱，碳水化合物含量高，是一种廉价的食物来源。不过，木薯需要去除有毒物质氰化氢（HCN），而氰化氢很容易去除。常见的制备方法有两种，一种是晒干，另一种是煮沸。干燥法去除有毒氰化物的效果较差，而煮沸法是去除木薯根中氰化物的较好方法。木薯被用作不同食品工业的原料。埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴附近的 Dukem 地区有木薯加工业。以木薯为基础的食谱制作有不同的趋势。特别是在埃塞俄比亚，木薯食谱中出现了许多奇特的食品。吉马农业研究中心（Jimma Agricultural Research Center）制定的埃塞俄比亚的一些趋势是：不同面粉成分的木薯面包、木薯与玉米粉的复合配方、木薯与茶叶粉的复合配方、木薯糖浆炖肉、木薯粥、木薯饼干等都是具有良好感官价值和近似成分的奇特配方。由于木薯的耐旱性和营养价值，木薯的生产、利用和推广是全世界粮食系统恢复能力的最佳战略。
{"title":"An Overview of Approaches of Cassava Processing and Cassava Based Recipe Preparation in Ethiopia","authors":"Kasahun Wale","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20240801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20240801.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is tuberous roots, drought tolerant, which is high in carbohydrate content and a cheap source of food. However it needs removal of toxic substance which is called hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which can be easily removed. There are two types of common preparation methods, preparing it by drying it in the sun and preparing it by boiling. Removing toxic cyanide by drying is less effective, however boiling is better method of removing cyanide from cassava roots. Cassava is used as a raw material in different food industries. In Ethiopia, there is cassava processing industry around Addis Ababa located at Dukem area. There are different trends of cassava based recipe preparations. Especially in Ethiopia there are exotic cassava based recipe items. Some of the trends in Ethiopia as formulated by Jimma Agricultural Research Center are; cassava bread with different flour compositions, cassava with corn flour composite recipe, cassava with teff flour composite recipe, Cassava syrup stew, Cassava porridge, Cassava biscuits and so on are exotic recipe with good sensorial values and proximate compositions. Due to its drought tolerant nature and nutritional excellence; cassava production, utilization and popularization is best strategy for food system resilience in the world wide. \u0000","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20240801.11
Fasil Shimelis, D. Bekele, Zenebe Mulatu, Dereje Dobocha, A. Admasu, W. Worku
Grain yield and yield components of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated concerning varieties and nitrogen application rates. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate (i) the optimal fertilizer level for maximum yield and quality of malt barley varieties (ii) to determine the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer rate, vaieties and growing season on yield and yield components of malt barley. Three malt barley varieties (Ibon, Bekoji 1, and EH1847) and four fertilizer rates (RNP kg ha-1, 150% RNP kg ha-1, 200% RNP kg ha-1 and RNPS kg ha-1) were studied over two growing season (2019 and 2020) in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The main effects of- variety and fertilizer rate were significantly (P<0.01) variation, on grain yield, biomass yield, hectolitre weight and thousand kernel weight, while plant height, spike length and grain protein content showed significant (P<0.05) variations. The interaction effect of variety and fertilizer rate on the number of grains per spike indicated significant (P<0.001) variation. The use of a 200% RNP kg ha-1 fertilizer rate resulted in a higher (4152.9 kg ha-1) grain yield. The highest (33.1) number of grain per spike was produced from the combination of 150% RNP kg ha-1 fertilizer rate with Bekoji 1 malt barley variety, Like wise higher (48.6) thousand kernel weight was produced from RNPS. The results of this study indicated that, the importance of using appropriate malt barley variety and fertilizer rate to increase the yield of malt barley with acceptable grain quality in the study area. Hence application of 150% RNP and 200% RNP kg ha-1 gave a grain yield of (3582.81 kg ha-1) and (4152.9 kg ha-1, and economic benefit of 5.99 (ETB) and 3.65 (ETB) respectively. Among malt barley varieties highest (4110.4) and (3538.3) kg ha-1 grain yield was recorded from EH1847 and Bekoji 1 verities respectively. The production of malt barley with higher yield, optimal kernel protein concentration and higher economic benefit was obtained via EH1847 malt barley varieties along with 150% RNP and 200% kg ha-1 fertilizer rate in the study area and similar agro ecologies.
{"title":"Grain Quality and Yield Response of Malt Barley Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in the West Arsi, Oromia Reginal State of Ethiopia","authors":"Fasil Shimelis, D. Bekele, Zenebe Mulatu, Dereje Dobocha, A. Admasu, W. Worku","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20240801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20240801.11","url":null,"abstract":"Grain yield and yield components of malt barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) were investigated concerning varieties and nitrogen application rates. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate (i) the optimal fertilizer level for maximum yield and quality of malt barley varieties (ii) to determine the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer rate, vaieties and growing season on yield and yield components of malt barley. Three malt barley varieties (Ibon, Bekoji 1, and EH1847) and four fertilizer rates (RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, 150% RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, 200% RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and RNPS kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) were studied over two growing season (2019 and 2020) in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The main effects of<sup>-</sup> variety and fertilizer rate were significantly (P<0.01) variation, on grain yield, biomass yield, hectolitre weight and thousand kernel weight, while plant height, spike length and grain protein content showed significant (P<0.05) variations. The interaction effect of variety and fertilizer rate on the number of grains per spike indicated significant (P<0.001) variation. The use of a 200% RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup> fertilizer rate resulted in a higher (4152.9 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) grain yield. The highest (33.1) number of grain per spike was produced from the combination of 150% RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup> fertilizer rate with Bekoji 1 malt barley variety, Like wise higher (48.6) thousand kernel weight was produced from RNPS. The results of this study indicated that, the importance of using appropriate malt barley variety and fertilizer rate to increase the yield of malt barley with acceptable grain quality in the study area. Hence application of 150% RNP and 200% RNP kg ha<sup>-1</sup> gave a grain yield of (3582.81 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and (4152.9 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and economic benefit of 5.99 (ETB) and 3.65 (ETB) respectively. Among malt barley varieties highest (4110.4) and (3538.3) kg ha<sup>-1</sup> grain yield was recorded from EH1847 and Bekoji 1 verities respectively. The production of malt barley with higher yield, optimal kernel protein concentration and higher economic benefit was obtained via EH1847 malt barley varieties along with 150% RNP and 200% kg ha<sup>-1</sup> fertilizer rate in the study area and similar agro ecologies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substitution of Wheat Flour by Ginger Residue Flour in the Production of Bread","authors":"Zoro Armel Fabrice, Miézan Bilé Aka Patrice, Kouassi Kouamé Appolinaire, Touré Abdoulaye","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20230702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20230702.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20230701.12
George Onyango Orido, Erick Kiplangat Ronoh, Patrick Ochuodho Ajwang, Benson Baari Gathitu
: The current study aimed to use, besides solar, waste heat from exhaust gas of a diesel engine operated for milling of grain, to dry black nightshade seeds. Assessment of thin layer models for simulating drying kinetics of black nightshade seeds was performed in a solar-exhaust gas greenhouse dryer operated on solar; solar-exhaust gas; and exhaust gas modes. In solar mode, seeds took 11 hours to reach a final moisture content of 7.13% (db) from an initial one of 89.34% (db). In solar-exhaust gas mode seeds were dried from an initial moisture content of 92.57% (db) to a final one of 6.07% (db) in 10 hours. In exhaust gas mode it took 14 hours to dry black nightshade seeds from an initial moisture content of 88.84% (db) to a final one of 9.42% (db). Newton, Page, Logarithmic, and Henderson and Pabis thin layer drying models were fitted to experimental data and the best model was selected based on low root mean squared error (RMSE) and interpretation of residual plots. To best explain the prediction of thin layer drying of black nightshade seeds, based on the lowest value of RMSE, Page model was found suitable for solar mode with RMSE of 0.01147206, Logarithmic model was found suitable for both solar-exhaust gas and exhaust gas modes of drying with RMSE of 0.0172098 and 0.02315325 respectively. In conclusion, the thin layer modeling approach can be used to provide design data for a solar-exhaust gas greenhouse dryer.
{"title":"Evaluation of Thin Layer Models for Simulating Drying Kinetics of Black Nightshade Seeds in a Solar-Exhaust Gas Greenhouse Dryer","authors":"George Onyango Orido, Erick Kiplangat Ronoh, Patrick Ochuodho Ajwang, Benson Baari Gathitu","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20230701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20230701.12","url":null,"abstract":": The current study aimed to use, besides solar, waste heat from exhaust gas of a diesel engine operated for milling of grain, to dry black nightshade seeds. Assessment of thin layer models for simulating drying kinetics of black nightshade seeds was performed in a solar-exhaust gas greenhouse dryer operated on solar; solar-exhaust gas; and exhaust gas modes. In solar mode, seeds took 11 hours to reach a final moisture content of 7.13% (db) from an initial one of 89.34% (db). In solar-exhaust gas mode seeds were dried from an initial moisture content of 92.57% (db) to a final one of 6.07% (db) in 10 hours. In exhaust gas mode it took 14 hours to dry black nightshade seeds from an initial moisture content of 88.84% (db) to a final one of 9.42% (db). Newton, Page, Logarithmic, and Henderson and Pabis thin layer drying models were fitted to experimental data and the best model was selected based on low root mean squared error (RMSE) and interpretation of residual plots. To best explain the prediction of thin layer drying of black nightshade seeds, based on the lowest value of RMSE, Page model was found suitable for solar mode with RMSE of 0.01147206, Logarithmic model was found suitable for both solar-exhaust gas and exhaust gas modes of drying with RMSE of 0.0172098 and 0.02315325 respectively. In conclusion, the thin layer modeling approach can be used to provide design data for a solar-exhaust gas greenhouse dryer.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73807526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20230701.11
Alao Adeyinka Idowu, Agarry Samuel Enahoro, Afolabi Tinuade Jolaade
: Lactic acid is a building block chemical used by many manufacturing industries. The search for cheap biochemical feedstock and process is of great concern to lactic acid producing industries. Plantain is a rich source of carbohydrate but the overriped plantains are thrown away as waste because of their non-firmness. This study evaluates the utilization of overripe plantain as biochemical feedstock for optimum production of lactic acid. Optimization of lactic acid production with overriped plantain was studied using Response Surface Methodology. The initial pH and reducing sugar content of the plantain hydrolysate were 4.89 and 166.05 g/l respectively. The response of lactic acid concentration to four factors: substrate concentration (138.25 – 166.05 g/L), initial pH (4 – 8), fermentation temperature (30 – 50°C) and time (24 – 168 h) was studied. The lactic acid concentration ranged from 123.50 – 163.00 g/l. A statistically significant [( P model > F ) < 0.0001] second order quadratic polynomial regression model was obtained for lactic acid production; the R 2 and adjusted-R 2 were 0.9935 and 0.9896 respectively. Numerical optimization was used to obtain optimum lactic acid production (157.53 g/ L) at glucose concentration, pH, temperature and time of 159.10 g/l, 7.0, 42.3°C and 60 h respectively. Overriped plantain was a good biochemical feedstock for lactic acid production.
{"title":"Optimization of Lactic Acid Fermentation from Overriped Plantain Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","authors":"Alao Adeyinka Idowu, Agarry Samuel Enahoro, Afolabi Tinuade Jolaade","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20230701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20230701.11","url":null,"abstract":": Lactic acid is a building block chemical used by many manufacturing industries. The search for cheap biochemical feedstock and process is of great concern to lactic acid producing industries. Plantain is a rich source of carbohydrate but the overriped plantains are thrown away as waste because of their non-firmness. This study evaluates the utilization of overripe plantain as biochemical feedstock for optimum production of lactic acid. Optimization of lactic acid production with overriped plantain was studied using Response Surface Methodology. The initial pH and reducing sugar content of the plantain hydrolysate were 4.89 and 166.05 g/l respectively. The response of lactic acid concentration to four factors: substrate concentration (138.25 – 166.05 g/L), initial pH (4 – 8), fermentation temperature (30 – 50°C) and time (24 – 168 h) was studied. The lactic acid concentration ranged from 123.50 – 163.00 g/l. A statistically significant [( P model > F ) < 0.0001] second order quadratic polynomial regression model was obtained for lactic acid production; the R 2 and adjusted-R 2 were 0.9935 and 0.9896 respectively. Numerical optimization was used to obtain optimum lactic acid production (157.53 g/ L) at glucose concentration, pH, temperature and time of 159.10 g/l, 7.0, 42.3°C and 60 h respectively. Overriped plantain was a good biochemical feedstock for lactic acid production.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82932370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20220601.12
M. Assefa, Kitessa Gutu
{"title":"Screening of Some Ethiopian Wheat Lines Against Stem Rust Races at Seedling Stage","authors":"M. Assefa, Kitessa Gutu","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20220601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20220601.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88702671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20210502.13
Desta Lamore Erebo
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the increasing awareness of greenhouse gas emissions act as the primary driving force for finding alternative renewable energy sources, especially those derived from biomass. This study was conducted with the objective of bio-ethanol production from non- edible plant biomass, Enset [Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman] processing waste and leaves in batch fermentation using yeas (S. cerevisiae). Forty grams of acid pre-treated or untreated ensete processing waste and leaves were incubated with 1% of yeast under three different temperature (26°C, 30°C and 40°C) treatments and allowed to ferment over 16 days. Yeast cell density, total reducing sugars and percent of ethanol was measured at 4 days interval spectrophotometrically beginning from the incubation period. Results showed that all measured parameters subsequently decrease with increasing days of fermentation in both acid pre-treated and untreated substrates. Acid pre-treated substrates resulted in higher amounts of cell density, total reducing sugars and bio-ethanol than untreated substrates. Among the different temperatures, 30°C produced more bio-ethanol than others throughout the fermentation periods, and the result was in agreement with cell density and total sugars measured. In conclusion, this study showed that Enset processing waste and leaves can be used as a feedstock for bio-ethanol production and the yield can be increased with acid pre-treatment and incubation under 30°C temperature.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bioethanol Production from Enset (<i>Ensete ventricosum</i> (Welw.) Cheesman) Processing Waste and Leaf Using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>","authors":"Desta Lamore Erebo","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20210502.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20210502.13","url":null,"abstract":"The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the increasing awareness of greenhouse gas emissions act as the primary driving force for finding alternative renewable energy sources, especially those derived from biomass. This study was conducted with the objective of bio-ethanol production from non- edible plant biomass, Enset [Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman] processing waste and leaves in batch fermentation using yeas (S. cerevisiae). Forty grams of acid pre-treated or untreated ensete processing waste and leaves were incubated with 1% of yeast under three different temperature (26°C, 30°C and 40°C) treatments and allowed to ferment over 16 days. Yeast cell density, total reducing sugars and percent of ethanol was measured at 4 days interval spectrophotometrically beginning from the incubation period. Results showed that all measured parameters subsequently decrease with increasing days of fermentation in both acid pre-treated and untreated substrates. Acid pre-treated substrates resulted in higher amounts of cell density, total reducing sugars and bio-ethanol than untreated substrates. Among the different temperatures, 30°C produced more bio-ethanol than others throughout the fermentation periods, and the result was in agreement with cell density and total sugars measured. In conclusion, this study showed that Enset processing waste and leaves can be used as a feedstock for bio-ethanol production and the yield can be increased with acid pre-treatment and incubation under 30°C temperature.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20210502.12
Yonas Shimelis, Mekonnen Asefa
Wheat has been almost the first crop domesticated through evolution, natural selection, hybridization, and artificial selection; directly contributed to the adaptation and development of modern varieties. The role of participatory and evolutionary plant breeding in combination can be utilized as a new approach to cope with the complexity of wheat variety adoption and climate change. This method can be also curiously used to improve food security and nutritional value for the rapidly growing human population to reduce the dependence on inorganic agricultural inputs. The experiment was conducted with the objective; to evaluate different mixtures of durum wheat under local climate to improve the variety adoption process and enhance resilience to climate change. Field trials were conducted on 27 heterogeneous durum wheat populations (mixtures) over two locations for one year to test the use of evolutionary plant breeding combined with participatory farmers' selection for local climate adaptation, nutritional value, and grain yield. The result showed that gender preferences associated with important adaptation traits like spike color, head compactness, and plant height are effective for determining high-yielding wheat variety and founded with better adaptation to changing climate. During an evaluation by farmers; mixtures exhibited compact head (MTOPTI_UNS (25), M10_UNS (27), M10_MS (9), and MTIG_FS (12), white-colored head (M10_UNS (27), M10_MS (9), MTOPTI_UNS (9), MTIG_FS (12), M217_UNS (19), and mixtures with tall plants resistant to lodging (MTOPTI-UNS (25), were more preferred and selected by farmers. Broadly, according to the experiment, mixtures (evolutionary populations) have comparative advantages over modern varieties for enhancing resilience to climate change, nutrition, and better adaptation.
{"title":"Utilization of Evolutionary and Participatory Plant Breeding Approaches for Rapid Adoption: The Case of Durum Wheat, Central Parts of Ethiopia","authors":"Yonas Shimelis, Mekonnen Asefa","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20210502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20210502.12","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat has been almost the first crop domesticated through evolution, natural selection, hybridization, and artificial selection; directly contributed to the adaptation and development of modern varieties. The role of participatory and evolutionary plant breeding in combination can be utilized as a new approach to cope with the complexity of wheat variety adoption and climate change. This method can be also curiously used to improve food security and nutritional value for the rapidly growing human population to reduce the dependence on inorganic agricultural inputs. The experiment was conducted with the objective; to evaluate different mixtures of durum wheat under local climate to improve the variety adoption process and enhance resilience to climate change. Field trials were conducted on 27 heterogeneous durum wheat populations (mixtures) over two locations for one year to test the use of evolutionary plant breeding combined with participatory farmers' selection for local climate adaptation, nutritional value, and grain yield. The result showed that gender preferences associated with important adaptation traits like spike color, head compactness, and plant height are effective for determining high-yielding wheat variety and founded with better adaptation to changing climate. During an evaluation by farmers; mixtures exhibited compact head (MTOPTI_UNS (25), M10_UNS (27), M10_MS (9), and MTIG_FS (12), white-colored head (M10_UNS (27), M10_MS (9), MTOPTI_UNS (9), MTIG_FS (12), M217_UNS (19), and mixtures with tall plants resistant to lodging (MTOPTI-UNS (25), were more preferred and selected by farmers. Broadly, according to the experiment, mixtures (evolutionary populations) have comparative advantages over modern varieties for enhancing resilience to climate change, nutrition, and better adaptation.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91486510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20210501.15
Yosel Pérez Pérez, J. P. Milian, Maria La O Hechevarria, Yaquelin Puchades Izaguirre, Yenima Pellon Guzman
Four isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) from samples taken in commercial fields of different Cuban provinces and two from the cultivar L55-5, artificially infected in the Camaguey and Matanzas Experimental Stations, were used for the extraction of total nucleic acids according to the CTAB protocol. They were amplified by PCR using four primer combinations: A: P1-M1, B: P1-M2, C: P2-M1 and D: P2-M2. Direct sequencing of the PCR products was performed on all samples and the nucleotide sequences were used to generate partial consensus of 16-23S rRNA, which were analyzed with the BLASTn program. In all the isolates evaluated, the presence of a common band at the height of 620 bp was visualized and the AFLP profile showed that there is homology when comparing the sequences corresponding to the 16-23S rDNA of X. albilineans of the different isolates; the phylogenetic analysis reflected a grouping of the isolates of the species, regardless of its geographical origin, different from others of the genus Xanthomonas. The comparison of the Cuban isolates with eight strains published in GenBank, showed marked similarity with them, with 100% nucleotide identity and percentage of coverage with a genome fragment of the GPE PC73 strain from Guadalupe, KO905 from the United States and a strain from Brazil. The predominance of the generalized circulation in Cuba of a single serovar is presumed.
{"title":"Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson: Study of Its Genetic Variability in Sugarcane Samples in Cuba","authors":"Yosel Pérez Pérez, J. P. Milian, Maria La O Hechevarria, Yaquelin Puchades Izaguirre, Yenima Pellon Guzman","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20210501.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20210501.15","url":null,"abstract":"Four isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) from samples taken in commercial fields of different Cuban provinces and two from the cultivar L55-5, artificially infected in the Camaguey and Matanzas Experimental Stations, were used for the extraction of total nucleic acids according to the CTAB protocol. They were amplified by PCR using four primer combinations: A: P1-M1, B: P1-M2, C: P2-M1 and D: P2-M2. Direct sequencing of the PCR products was performed on all samples and the nucleotide sequences were used to generate partial consensus of 16-23S rRNA, which were analyzed with the BLASTn program. In all the isolates evaluated, the presence of a common band at the height of 620 bp was visualized and the AFLP profile showed that there is homology when comparing the sequences corresponding to the 16-23S rDNA of X. albilineans of the different isolates; the phylogenetic analysis reflected a grouping of the isolates of the species, regardless of its geographical origin, different from others of the genus Xanthomonas. The comparison of the Cuban isolates with eight strains published in GenBank, showed marked similarity with them, with 100% nucleotide identity and percentage of coverage with a genome fragment of the GPE PC73 strain from Guadalupe, KO905 from the United States and a strain from Brazil. The predominance of the generalized circulation in Cuba of a single serovar is presumed.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81772404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：