Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20190301.11
M. Chat, Anthony John Dadah, A. Uba
This study was designed to isolate enteric bacteria from various sources in selected poultry farms in Kaduna state. One hundred and fifty samples of poultry feed, water and droppings from five poultry farms in Kafanchan, Zaria, Gonin-gora, Kamazou and Ungwan Television were examined for the presence of enteric bacteria. 30 samples were collected from each farm and were analysed using spread plate method. The culture media used were Selenite Feaces (SF) broth) and Bismuth sulphite agar. The contaminants isolated include Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis. The distribution of the isolates based on sample type were droppings (1.33%) and feed (2.67%). There was no significant difference in each of the samples (p>0.05). The percentage distribution of isolates based on location were: Kafanchan (0.00%), Zaria (0.00%), Kamazou (33.33%) for Salmonella and (16.67%) for Proteus mirabilis, Gonin-gora (50%), and Television (0.00%). The results showed that the poultry feeds and droppings from the poultry farms visited in Kaduna, Nigeria had bacteria contaminants. The presence of these bacteria may be a serious health concern as these organisms are involved in causing various diseases. Therefore, hygienic measures should be taken in processing and handling of the poultry products being sold to general public. The national and local health authorities should enforce the food hygiene regulations to reduce the spread of diseases caused by these enteric bacteria. Public enlightenment programmes on the modes of transmission of Salmonella, E. coli and P. mirabilis should be conducted by Human and Veterinary Public Health services. Further studies should be conducted to know the extent of distribution of these organisms in different areas of Kaduna State and the country at large.
{"title":"Isolation of Enteric Bacteria from Various Sources in Selected Poultry Farms in Kaduna State","authors":"M. Chat, Anthony John Dadah, A. Uba","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20190301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20190301.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to isolate enteric bacteria from various sources in selected poultry farms in Kaduna state. One hundred and fifty samples of poultry feed, water and droppings from five poultry farms in Kafanchan, Zaria, Gonin-gora, Kamazou and Ungwan Television were examined for the presence of enteric bacteria. 30 samples were collected from each farm and were analysed using spread plate method. The culture media used were Selenite Feaces (SF) broth) and Bismuth sulphite agar. The contaminants isolated include Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis. The distribution of the isolates based on sample type were droppings (1.33%) and feed (2.67%). There was no significant difference in each of the samples (p>0.05). The percentage distribution of isolates based on location were: Kafanchan (0.00%), Zaria (0.00%), Kamazou (33.33%) for Salmonella and (16.67%) for Proteus mirabilis, Gonin-gora (50%), and Television (0.00%). The results showed that the poultry feeds and droppings from the poultry farms visited in Kaduna, Nigeria had bacteria contaminants. The presence of these bacteria may be a serious health concern as these organisms are involved in causing various diseases. Therefore, hygienic measures should be taken in processing and handling of the poultry products being sold to general public. The national and local health authorities should enforce the food hygiene regulations to reduce the spread of diseases caused by these enteric bacteria. Public enlightenment programmes on the modes of transmission of Salmonella, E. coli and P. mirabilis should be conducted by Human and Veterinary Public Health services. Further studies should be conducted to know the extent of distribution of these organisms in different areas of Kaduna State and the country at large.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78730292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180204.11
A. M. Haidara, I. M. Magami, A. Sanda
Pollutant of agricultural industries constitute a threat to aquatic environment, being as a recipient of untreated or partially treated effluents, the use of conventional methods has its own problems especially in developing countries, hence the use of an eco-friendly approach to reduce pollutant load before being discharge. The study aim was to assess the performance of hydroponically grown macrophytes in aquacultural effluent the macrophytes were grown in 5 L aquacultural effluent with 21 days retention period in plastic containers. 100g, 150g, 200g and 250g of plants samples were introduce into hydroponic unit. Physicochemical parameters were measured at interval of seven days for three weeks. The parameters measured were temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. The mean reduction values of temperature, pH, DO and nitrate were 27.07±0.07, 6.37±0.27, 2.07±0.09, and 0.90±0.15 for Pistia stratiotes respectively. While ammonia, phosphate and turbidity values are 0.70±0.15, 0.60±0.23 and 7.00±0.00 for Eichhornia crassipes. The performance of the plants was found to be increasing with increase in weight and duration. However, the overall performance may not meet the required effluent standards laid down by the national and international regulatory bodies.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Aquacultural Effluents Using Hydrophytes","authors":"A. M. Haidara, I. M. Magami, A. Sanda","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180204.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180204.11","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutant of agricultural industries constitute a threat to aquatic environment, being as a recipient of untreated or partially treated effluents, the use of conventional methods has its own problems especially in developing countries, hence the use of an eco-friendly approach to reduce pollutant load before being discharge. The study aim was to assess the performance of hydroponically grown macrophytes in aquacultural effluent the macrophytes were grown in 5 L aquacultural effluent with 21 days retention period in plastic containers. 100g, 150g, 200g and 250g of plants samples were introduce into hydroponic unit. Physicochemical parameters were measured at interval of seven days for three weeks. The parameters measured were temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. The mean reduction values of temperature, pH, DO and nitrate were 27.07±0.07, 6.37±0.27, 2.07±0.09, and 0.90±0.15 for Pistia stratiotes respectively. While ammonia, phosphate and turbidity values are 0.70±0.15, 0.60±0.23 and 7.00±0.00 for Eichhornia crassipes. The performance of the plants was found to be increasing with increase in weight and duration. However, the overall performance may not meet the required effluent standards laid down by the national and international regulatory bodies.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73735270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20190302.13
Mulat Zerihun, Masresha Minuye
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important ingredient of several dishes and its nutritional and other biochemical composition of released and improved desert and cooking types are yet to be scientifically studied fully. In the present study, the most popularly cultivated species of cooking and desert type banana in Ethiopia selected. The objective of this study was to determine their physicochemical profiling and nutritional quality of desert and cooking banana varieties. The chemical composition and some physicochemical characteristics of the fresh fruit and flour obtained from seventeen different banana varieties are presented. A randomized complete design with three replications was used. Length, Width, Peel and pulp thickness, Pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ash and moisture of desert banana (Fresh) and mineral contents are the most important parameters to evaluate the quality of banana including potassium. The different varieties affected the fruit physical characteristics significantly (P≤0.05). The Cardaba varieties fruit was found to be the heaviest and the longest. The Kitawira and Nijiru varieties had the smallest, shortest and thinnest fruit. The Cardaba, Nijiru, Matoke, and Kitawira contained more pulp weight than peel weight. Most fruit chemical quality parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the varieties. The chemical composition of the flour also varied according to the variety and types of banana. Among others, the Cardaba variety was found to have high fruit weight, juice volume, total soluble solids, dry matter, and low total titratable acidity. Banana flour is rich in potassium varied from 246.288 to 375.949 mg/100g according to the variety. The range obtained were 41.200 – 89.132 mg/100g phosphorus, 0.705 – 19.352 mg/100g sodium, 2.497 – 3.359% ash, and 71.529- 76. 564% moisture. The sensory analysis of desert banana type was evaluated. Thus, there was no significant difference between varieties at P≤0.05 and sensorial acceptability in most varieties. The current study revealed the variations of biochemical compositions of desert and cooking banana varieties. This will be useful for the exploitation of these crops to obtain and formulate the value-added products. These varieties are recommended for different food product development by food processors in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Physicochemical Profiling of Different Released and Improved Desert and Cooking Banana Varieties","authors":"Mulat Zerihun, Masresha Minuye","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20190302.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20190302.13","url":null,"abstract":"Banana (Musa spp.) is an important ingredient of several dishes and its nutritional and other biochemical composition of released and improved desert and cooking types are yet to be scientifically studied fully. In the present study, the most popularly cultivated species of cooking and desert type banana in Ethiopia selected. The objective of this study was to determine their physicochemical profiling and nutritional quality of desert and cooking banana varieties. The chemical composition and some physicochemical characteristics of the fresh fruit and flour obtained from seventeen different banana varieties are presented. A randomized complete design with three replications was used. Length, Width, Peel and pulp thickness, Pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ash and moisture of desert banana (Fresh) and mineral contents are the most important parameters to evaluate the quality of banana including potassium. The different varieties affected the fruit physical characteristics significantly (P≤0.05). The Cardaba varieties fruit was found to be the heaviest and the longest. The Kitawira and Nijiru varieties had the smallest, shortest and thinnest fruit. The Cardaba, Nijiru, Matoke, and Kitawira contained more pulp weight than peel weight. Most fruit chemical quality parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the varieties. The chemical composition of the flour also varied according to the variety and types of banana. Among others, the Cardaba variety was found to have high fruit weight, juice volume, total soluble solids, dry matter, and low total titratable acidity. Banana flour is rich in potassium varied from 246.288 to 375.949 mg/100g according to the variety. The range obtained were 41.200 – 89.132 mg/100g phosphorus, 0.705 – 19.352 mg/100g sodium, 2.497 – 3.359% ash, and 71.529- 76. 564% moisture. The sensory analysis of desert banana type was evaluated. Thus, there was no significant difference between varieties at P≤0.05 and sensorial acceptability in most varieties. The current study revealed the variations of biochemical compositions of desert and cooking banana varieties. This will be useful for the exploitation of these crops to obtain and formulate the value-added products. These varieties are recommended for different food product development by food processors in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-18DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180202.11
Tulyaganov Abdukhalil, N. Yadgarova
The interference immunity of radio communication systems has always been considered an actual topic. Especially when it comes to information in military. In the modern theory of military confrontation, more and more importance is attached to the introduction of new control systems based on network-centric principles, while the basis of such a control system is the communication subsystem. In this connection, on the one hand, communication systems must meet the stringent requirements of the system of command and control of troops and weapons, on the other hand, in the conditions of modern confrontation, they themselves are subjected to destructive influence from the enemy. The basis for modern destructive impact on radio communication systems (RCS) are the use of electronic warfare (EW) and electronic suppression (ES). The methodology for assessing the impact of the ES on the RCS is now sufficiently developed, which updates the research directions in the field of interference protection of the RCS. This article is aimed at the prepared reader and is addressed to teachers who teach at military universities and classifies about the research carried out to improve noise immunity of the RCS in the dynamics of the EW. A comparative analysis of methods for increasing the noise immunity of the RCS is presented. It is reasonable to consider the method of pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency of the hopper as one of the fundamental in solving problems of increasing noise immunity. The main types of interference affecting the RCS and their classification are considered. The notion of electronic warfare as a basis for modeling the processes of interaction between the RCS and the EW (S) means is introduced. The main methodological approaches to the modeling of electronic conflict, the features of using a different mathematical apparatus for such modeling are considered. The indicators of stealth and noise immunity of the RCS in the application of the pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency regime in the dynamics of the electronic conflict are presented.
{"title":"Study of the Application of Noise Immunity in Radio Communication Systems for Special Courses","authors":"Tulyaganov Abdukhalil, N. Yadgarova","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180202.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180202.11","url":null,"abstract":"The interference immunity of radio communication systems has always been considered an actual topic. Especially when it comes to information in military. In the modern theory of military confrontation, more and more importance is attached to the introduction of new control systems based on network-centric principles, while the basis of such a control system is the communication subsystem. In this connection, on the one hand, communication systems must meet the stringent requirements of the system of command and control of troops and weapons, on the other hand, in the conditions of modern confrontation, they themselves are subjected to destructive influence from the enemy. The basis for modern destructive impact on radio communication systems (RCS) are the use of electronic warfare (EW) and electronic suppression (ES). The methodology for assessing the impact of the ES on the RCS is now sufficiently developed, which updates the research directions in the field of interference protection of the RCS. This article is aimed at the prepared reader and is addressed to teachers who teach at military universities and classifies about the research carried out to improve noise immunity of the RCS in the dynamics of the EW. A comparative analysis of methods for increasing the noise immunity of the RCS is presented. It is reasonable to consider the method of pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency of the hopper as one of the fundamental in solving problems of increasing noise immunity. The main types of interference affecting the RCS and their classification are considered. The notion of electronic warfare as a basis for modeling the processes of interaction between the RCS and the EW (S) means is introduced. The main methodological approaches to the modeling of electronic conflict, the features of using a different mathematical apparatus for such modeling are considered. The indicators of stealth and noise immunity of the RCS in the application of the pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency regime in the dynamics of the electronic conflict are presented.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76239321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180201.14
N. Musa, A. Dadah
Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) recording high morbidity and mortality rate for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. The sensitivity of microscopy to the use of diagnostic strip in the survey for urinary schistosomiasis among students attending some selected secondary schools was investigated in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixty two (462) urine samples were collected and examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using sedimentation and microscopy method. Microhaematuria and proteinuria were investigated using combi 11 test strips. This study revealed 11.5% prevalence rate for urinary schistosomiasis among the studied subjects based on direct egg detection method, 22.9% based on micro-haematuria detection and 44.8% based on proteinuria. The sensitivity of Urine dip strip when compared to direct egg detection methods, shows that there is high sensitivity on the use of urine dip strip.
{"title":"Comparing the Sensitivity of Microscopy to Diagnostic Strip in the Survey for Urinary Schistosomiasis","authors":"N. Musa, A. Dadah","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180201.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180201.14","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) recording high morbidity and mortality rate for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. The sensitivity of microscopy to the use of diagnostic strip in the survey for urinary schistosomiasis among students attending some selected secondary schools was investigated in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixty two (462) urine samples were collected and examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using sedimentation and microscopy method. Microhaematuria and proteinuria were investigated using combi 11 test strips. This study revealed 11.5% prevalence rate for urinary schistosomiasis among the studied subjects based on direct egg detection method, 22.9% based on micro-haematuria detection and 44.8% based on proteinuria. The sensitivity of Urine dip strip when compared to direct egg detection methods, shows that there is high sensitivity on the use of urine dip strip.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81849632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180201.13
O. Omotosho, G. Ogunwande, J. Osunbitan
This study investigated the effect (attenuation of physico-chemical pollution characteristics) of carbon depth in vertical flow adsorption-filter system of the peroxide oxidation-aeration treatment process for cassava wastewater treatment. Results revealed that although the combined peroxide oxidation, aeration and adsorption-filter treatment process was successful in the reducing pollution characteristics of wastewater from cassava processing, the adsorption-filter part of the treatment process with carbon depths 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm carbon depths were observed to have been selective in removal of physico-chemical pollution characteristics. Parameters such as colour, SO 4 2- , NO 3- , Cl - , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , TDS and TSS were observed to have exhibited increased decontamination efficiency as the depth of carbon increased in the treatment process while Fe 2+ and CN ions exhibited delayed adsorption. Depth of carbon filter was however observed to have had no effect on Ni 2+ and Phenol content removal.
{"title":"Effect of Carbon Depth in Diminution of Physico-Chemical Pollution Parameters in Cassava Processing Wastewater Treated by Aeration-Peroxide Oxidation Method","authors":"O. Omotosho, G. Ogunwande, J. Osunbitan","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180201.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180201.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect (attenuation of physico-chemical pollution characteristics) of carbon depth in vertical flow adsorption-filter system of the peroxide oxidation-aeration treatment process for cassava wastewater treatment. Results revealed that although the combined peroxide oxidation, aeration and adsorption-filter treatment process was successful in the reducing pollution characteristics of wastewater from cassava processing, the adsorption-filter part of the treatment process with carbon depths 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm carbon depths were observed to have been selective in removal of physico-chemical pollution characteristics. Parameters such as colour, SO 4 2- , NO 3- , Cl - , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , TDS and TSS were observed to have exhibited increased decontamination efficiency as the depth of carbon increased in the treatment process while Fe 2+ and CN ions exhibited delayed adsorption. Depth of carbon filter was however observed to have had no effect on Ni 2+ and Phenol content removal.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89838656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-08DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180201.12
N. Maksimovich, T. S. Milosh, I. Dremza
Estimation of the energy exchange parameters during partial brain ischemia offers an opportunity for finding new ways of correcting the above pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in mitochondrial respiration in the homogenates of rats with brain cerebral ischemia of various duration. The experiment was carried out on 19 white female rats in whom the right common carotid artery was ligated for 1 hour or 3 days with subsequent decapitation and brain removal. The rate of mitochondrial respiration in mitochondrial suspension of brain homogenates was assessed by means of the polarographic method using succinate or a mixture of L-malate/L-glutamate and adenosine diphosphate as respiratory substrates. Ligation of the right common carotid artery of various duration resulted in reduced mitochondrial respiration rate which was more pronounced after 1 hour of partial brain ischemia as compared to 3 hours. Modeling of partial cerebral ischemia in rats by ligation of the right common carotid artery considerably inhibits respiratory activity of the brain mitochondria leading to the dissociation of oxidation and phosphorylation in the mitochondria and inducing impairment of neuronal bioenergetics in cerebral tissue due to the disturbance of the supply of oxygen by blood. Understanding of pathophysiological processes in mitochondria during partial brain ischemia will help to develop new methods of pathogenetic correction of changes in cell structures of the brain tissue. This approach offers new possibilities for the pathogenetic therapy.
部分脑缺血期间能量交换参数的估计为寻找纠正上述病理的新方法提供了机会。本研究的目的是研究不同持续时间大鼠脑缺血匀浆中线粒体呼吸的变化。实验用19只白色雌性大鼠结扎右侧颈总动脉1小时或3天，然后斩首去脑。用琥珀酸盐或l -苹果酸盐/ l -谷氨酸盐和二磷酸腺苷的混合物作为呼吸底物，采用极谱法评估脑匀浆线粒体悬液中的线粒体呼吸速率。不同时间的右颈总动脉结扎导致线粒体呼吸速率降低，在脑局部缺血1小时后比3小时时更为明显。结扎右颈总动脉的脑局部缺血模型显著抑制脑线粒体的呼吸活动，导致线粒体氧化和磷酸化的解离，并由于血液供氧受阻而导致脑组织神经元生物能量的损害。了解部分脑缺血时线粒体的病理生理过程将有助于开发脑组织细胞结构变化的病理纠正新方法。该方法为病理治疗提供了新的可能性。
{"title":"Influence of Cerebral Ischemia of Various Duration on Mitochondrial Respiration","authors":"N. Maksimovich, T. S. Milosh, I. Dremza","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180201.12","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the energy exchange parameters during partial brain ischemia offers an opportunity for finding new ways of correcting the above pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in mitochondrial respiration in the homogenates of rats with brain cerebral ischemia of various duration. The experiment was carried out on 19 white female rats in whom the right common carotid artery was ligated for 1 hour or 3 days with subsequent decapitation and brain removal. The rate of mitochondrial respiration in mitochondrial suspension of brain homogenates was assessed by means of the polarographic method using succinate or a mixture of L-malate/L-glutamate and adenosine diphosphate as respiratory substrates. Ligation of the right common carotid artery of various duration resulted in reduced mitochondrial respiration rate which was more pronounced after 1 hour of partial brain ischemia as compared to 3 hours. Modeling of partial cerebral ischemia in rats by ligation of the right common carotid artery considerably inhibits respiratory activity of the brain mitochondria leading to the dissociation of oxidation and phosphorylation in the mitochondria and inducing impairment of neuronal bioenergetics in cerebral tissue due to the disturbance of the supply of oxygen by blood. Understanding of pathophysiological processes in mitochondria during partial brain ischemia will help to develop new methods of pathogenetic correction of changes in cell structures of the brain tissue. This approach offers new possibilities for the pathogenetic therapy.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87889675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20180201.11
L. Bon, Nataliya Yevgenyevna Maksimovich, S. Zimatkin
The aim of the paper was to estimate the effect of experimental cerebral ischemia on metabolic characteristics of parietal cortex neurons. The experiments were carried out on 12 laboratory male rats. Cerebral ischemia was modeled with bilateral joint carotid arteries with durations of 60 minutes under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg / kg). The rats were decapitated and the samples of the brain parietal cortex were prepared for histological and histochemical examination in combination with morphometry to examine the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons. It was increased the number of pathological forms and shrinkage of the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons after cerebral ischemia in rats. The histochemical examination was revealed the inhibition of NADH-, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenases as well as activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. Cerebral ischemia induces deep histological and histochemical changes in the parietal cortex neurons in rats, including shrinkage of parietal cortex neurons and disturbances of their energy metabolism.
{"title":"Effects of Experemental Cerebral Ishemia on Metabolic Characteristics of Parietal Cortex Neurons","authors":"L. Bon, Nataliya Yevgenyevna Maksimovich, S. Zimatkin","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20180201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20180201.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper was to estimate the effect of experimental cerebral ischemia on metabolic characteristics of parietal cortex neurons. The experiments were carried out on 12 laboratory male rats. Cerebral ischemia was modeled with bilateral joint carotid arteries with durations of 60 minutes under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg / kg). The rats were decapitated and the samples of the brain parietal cortex were prepared for histological and histochemical examination in combination with morphometry to examine the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons. It was increased the number of pathological forms and shrinkage of the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons after cerebral ischemia in rats. The histochemical examination was revealed the inhibition of NADH-, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenases as well as activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. Cerebral ischemia induces deep histological and histochemical changes in the parietal cortex neurons in rats, including shrinkage of parietal cortex neurons and disturbances of their energy metabolism.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74323672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.be.20180203.11
S. R. Ogblechi, M. T. Ige
A model for predicting juice extraction from date palm fruit using an existing mechanical extractor was developed in the study. Model development was based on principle of continuity and momentum transport. Optimum values of factors such as steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water required for optimum juice yield were determined. Effect of steaming time, diffusion coefficient and pressure on experimental and predicted yield were also determined. Results obtained gave optimum values for steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water as 90 minutes, 4.38 x 10-9 m2/s, 15 minutes and 8 litres, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effects of factors on yield were significant (P<0.01). The overall deviation of experimental yield from theoretical prediction was 2.56%. The results obtained showed that the mechanical extractor been optimized in the study is appropriate to be applied for economic purposes.
{"title":"Development of a Model to Predict the Extraction of Juice from Date Palm Fruit","authors":"S. R. Ogblechi, M. T. Ige","doi":"10.11648/j.be.20180203.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20180203.11","url":null,"abstract":"A model for predicting juice extraction from date palm fruit using an existing mechanical extractor was developed in the study. Model development was based on principle of continuity and momentum transport. Optimum values of factors such as steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water required for optimum juice yield were determined. Effect of steaming time, diffusion coefficient and pressure on experimental and predicted yield were also determined. Results obtained gave optimum values for steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water as 90 minutes, 4.38 x 10-9 m2/s, 15 minutes and 8 litres, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effects of factors on yield were significant (P<0.01). The overall deviation of experimental yield from theoretical prediction was 2.56%. The results obtained showed that the mechanical extractor been optimized in the study is appropriate to be applied for economic purposes.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87533851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-21DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170104.13
M. N. Dabhi, Nagin Patel
The physical and mechanical properties of the onion crop were determined for the Talaja Red variety. The linear relationship was observed between polar diameter and equatorial diameter and also weight of the bulbs. The shape of the onion crop may be considered oval to spherical. The mean bulk density onion was observed 548 kg/m 3 . The coefficient of friction for galvanized iron, mild steel, aluminum and plywood was found 0.42, 0.39, 0.45 and 0.32 respectively. Also, the angle of repose for galvanized iron, mild steel, aluminum and plywood was found 23, 21, 24 and 17 respectively.
{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of Talaja Red Onion Cultivar","authors":"M. N. Dabhi, Nagin Patel","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170104.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170104.13","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and mechanical properties of the onion crop were determined for the Talaja Red variety. The linear relationship was observed between polar diameter and equatorial diameter and also weight of the bulbs. The shape of the onion crop may be considered oval to spherical. The mean bulk density onion was observed 548 kg/m 3 . The coefficient of friction for galvanized iron, mild steel, aluminum and plywood was found 0.42, 0.39, 0.45 and 0.32 respectively. Also, the angle of repose for galvanized iron, mild steel, aluminum and plywood was found 23, 21, 24 and 17 respectively.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76359790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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