Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20210501.13
B. Abate, Nagassa Dechassa
Mango considered as a major fresh fruit used in the world and produced in several tropical and sub-tropical countries. The production of the crop has increased at alarming rate in the producing areas to feed its demands increments. It is a major fruit widely grown in Ethiopia and placed on second rank in terms of area coverage. Its production in Ethiopia is very low as compared to other countries production and potential of the crop. Even though, many factors reported by farmers, affordability agricultural inputs mainly fertilizers, pesticides and pests are the major challenges for the production of the crop. Recently, white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis is the major problem affecting mango production in Ethiopia. This pest was first reported in Loko, Guto Gidda district, east Wollega zone of the Oromia region on August, 2010. The infestation of pest has been speeded at an alarming rate and recorded from almost all mango producing areas of the country. Its population dynamics is increased from October to March and reached the highest peak on April in Didesa and Green focus sites. While, at Bako areas, the population of the pest increased from October to April and reached the highest on May. Pruning supported with insecticides decreased the infestation of the pest. But natural enemies showed promised results in South Africa; as a result in Ethiopia it is on the process to introduce these bio-agents. Integrated approaches of biological control agents, cultural practices and insecticide for the sustainable and eco-friendly management option needs further study.
{"title":"White Mango Scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae): A Challenging Mango Productions in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"B. Abate, Nagassa Dechassa","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Mango considered as a major fresh fruit used in the world and produced in several tropical and sub-tropical countries. The production of the crop has increased at alarming rate in the producing areas to feed its demands increments. It is a major fruit widely grown in Ethiopia and placed on second rank in terms of area coverage. Its production in Ethiopia is very low as compared to other countries production and potential of the crop. Even though, many factors reported by farmers, affordability agricultural inputs mainly fertilizers, pesticides and pests are the major challenges for the production of the crop. Recently, white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis is the major problem affecting mango production in Ethiopia. This pest was first reported in Loko, Guto Gidda district, east Wollega zone of the Oromia region on August, 2010. The infestation of pest has been speeded at an alarming rate and recorded from almost all mango producing areas of the country. Its population dynamics is increased from October to March and reached the highest peak on April in Didesa and Green focus sites. While, at Bako areas, the population of the pest increased from October to April and reached the highest on May. Pruning supported with insecticides decreased the infestation of the pest. But natural enemies showed promised results in South Africa; as a result in Ethiopia it is on the process to introduce these bio-agents. Integrated approaches of biological control agents, cultural practices and insecticide for the sustainable and eco-friendly management option needs further study.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89240835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20210501.12
S. Soboka, T. Tadesse, Amanuel Tekalgn
Faba bean is said to be poor man’s meat as it is the most important protein source for most of world’s population. Field experiment was carried out at Sinana and sinja site if Goba districts of Bale highland to see the effect of faba bean genotypes and growing environment on some physico-chemical and nutritional qualities of faba bean genotypes. For this experiment, fifteen faba bean genotypes including released and promising lines were evaluated for their physico-chemical quality characterization. From the result it was seen that most quality characters measured have shown significant variation (p<0.05) due to faba bean genotypes. The nutrient contents of the grains of the test genotypes across two testing environments, crude protein vary from (22.43-24.34%), phosphorous (0.62-0.70%), sodium (405-262.31 ppm), potassium (1.77-1.40 gm/100gm), calcium (932.08-830.32 ppm) and hydration potential vary from (2.12 to 2.04%) which fall under high to sufficient nutrient content when compared to nutrient composition of plant material. Genotypes EH07006-51, EH070015-7, EH07006-1 and EH0773-8 have got better quality characters as compared to the released varieties Shallo, Mosisa and the local check. Genotype EH07006-1 is better in percent hydration, Na and K composition as compared to the other test genotypes. From the collected data it is possible to conclude that genotypes EH07006-1, EH07006-51, EH070015-7 and EH0773-8 are better to be selected for the variety verification.
{"title":"Characterization of Nutritional and Process Quality of Some Faba Bean Varieties and Advanced Lines Grown at Bale, South Eastern Oromia","authors":"S. Soboka, T. Tadesse, Amanuel Tekalgn","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20210501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20210501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean is said to be poor man’s meat as it is the most important protein source for most of world’s population. Field experiment was carried out at Sinana and sinja site if Goba districts of Bale highland to see the effect of faba bean genotypes and growing environment on some physico-chemical and nutritional qualities of faba bean genotypes. For this experiment, fifteen faba bean genotypes including released and promising lines were evaluated for their physico-chemical quality characterization. From the result it was seen that most quality characters measured have shown significant variation (p<0.05) due to faba bean genotypes. The nutrient contents of the grains of the test genotypes across two testing environments, crude protein vary from (22.43-24.34%), phosphorous (0.62-0.70%), sodium (405-262.31 ppm), potassium (1.77-1.40 gm/100gm), calcium (932.08-830.32 ppm) and hydration potential vary from (2.12 to 2.04%) which fall under high to sufficient nutrient content when compared to nutrient composition of plant material. Genotypes EH07006-51, EH070015-7, EH07006-1 and EH0773-8 have got better quality characters as compared to the released varieties Shallo, Mosisa and the local check. Genotype EH07006-1 is better in percent hydration, Na and K composition as compared to the other test genotypes. From the collected data it is possible to conclude that genotypes EH07006-1, EH07006-51, EH070015-7 and EH0773-8 are better to be selected for the variety verification.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86829161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20210501.11
Dessye Belay, Melkamu Fetene
The threshing quality of the machine was affected by moisture content. This parameter was one of the main causes of production losses. In Ethiopia, this problem was highly observed in the farm area during threshing. Therefore, the main aim of this research was, to minimize production losses during threshing by reducing the effect of moisture content on the crop, to improve threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, to reduces fuel consumption, and to minimize grain damage by the machine during threshing. The experiment was done at four-time replication in the moisture level of 14%, 18%, and 22% for three selected cereal crops (barley, wheat, and tef) with a completely randomized design (RCBD) and 4 replicates as block giving 12 total experimental units. Crop moisture content, size of the grain, sphericity, angle of repose, density, thousand grain mass and coefficient of friction as well as threshing capacity, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, germination rate, fuel consumption, and grain breakages were the parameters used to evaluate the performance of the thresher. Threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, and density of grains showed decreased, as moisture content of crops increased. The other parameters mentioned above were increased with moisture content. A combined mean analysis of variances on the performance of thresher was significant at (p˂0.05). The recommended amount of moisture content in this study was 14% because the result obtained by 14% moisture level was preferable to other moisture levels. At 14% of moisture content, the threshing capacity was (208.750, 285.45 and 68.181) kg/hr, threshing, and cleaning efficiency (%) were (98.603, 99.330 and 99.49 and 97.101, 98.22 and 93.731 respectively). Percentage of germination rate was (94.25, 94.50, and 91.25) and the amount of fuel consumption was also (1.14, 1.72, 1.70) l/hr., for barley, wheat, and tef crops respectively.
{"title":"The Effect of Moisture Content on the Performance of Melkassa Multicrop Thresher in Some Cereal Crops","authors":"Dessye Belay, Melkamu Fetene","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20210501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20210501.11","url":null,"abstract":"The threshing quality of the machine was affected by moisture content. This parameter was one of the main causes of production losses. In Ethiopia, this problem was highly observed in the farm area during threshing. Therefore, the main aim of this research was, to minimize production losses during threshing by reducing the effect of moisture content on the crop, to improve threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, to reduces fuel consumption, and to minimize grain damage by the machine during threshing. The experiment was done at four-time replication in the moisture level of 14%, 18%, and 22% for three selected cereal crops (barley, wheat, and tef) with a completely randomized design (RCBD) and 4 replicates as block giving 12 total experimental units. Crop moisture content, size of the grain, sphericity, angle of repose, density, thousand grain mass and coefficient of friction as well as threshing capacity, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, germination rate, fuel consumption, and grain breakages were the parameters used to evaluate the performance of the thresher. Threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, and density of grains showed decreased, as moisture content of crops increased. The other parameters mentioned above were increased with moisture content. A combined mean analysis of variances on the performance of thresher was significant at (p˂0.05). The recommended amount of moisture content in this study was 14% because the result obtained by 14% moisture level was preferable to other moisture levels. At 14% of moisture content, the threshing capacity was (208.750, 285.45 and 68.181) kg/hr, threshing, and cleaning efficiency (%) were (98.603, 99.330 and 99.49 and 97.101, 98.22 and 93.731 respectively). Percentage of germination rate was (94.25, 94.50, and 91.25) and the amount of fuel consumption was also (1.14, 1.72, 1.70) l/hr., for barley, wheat, and tef crops respectively.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20200402.12
Bekele Tesfaye, Temaro Gelgelu, Wodimu Lelisa
Pollination is an essential process in the production of seed plants, it results in a genetically diverse production of offspring and its role is not well understood and appreciated in the local farming system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of honeybees pollination on Black cumin seed yield and yield related parameters at Sinana Agricultural Research center at on-station. The study had three experiment; these includes plots caged with honeybees (T1), plots caged without honeybees (T2) and open pollinated plots (T3). All collected data were analyzed using One-way-Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the study seven species of insects were identified as Nigella sativa visitors or pollinators with the most frequent visitors were honeybees at 11:30 am time and minimum at 3:00 pm on open pollinated plot. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on Date of blooming, Date of flowering, Flowering period, Primary and secondary branches among the three treatments. Whereas, there were a significant difference (P<0.05) on shading time, Number of capsule, Thousand kernel and total seed yield per hector. In general the present study showed that the highest seed yield/hector was achieved from crops caged with honeybees (20.20Qt/ha) and followed by open pollinated crop (17.54Qt/ha). The result also revealed that about 30.84% of seed yield advantage of Nigella sativa pollinated by honeybees over control/un pollinated by any insect. From this result it was concluded that visits of honeybees at flowering time of Nigella sativa have very helpful in boosting seed yield and yield related components of this crop.
{"title":"The Effect of Honeybee (Apismellifera) Pollination in Enhancing Yield of Nigella sativa (Darbera Variety) in the High Land of Bale","authors":"Bekele Tesfaye, Temaro Gelgelu, Wodimu Lelisa","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20200402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20200402.12","url":null,"abstract":"Pollination is an essential process in the production of seed plants, it results in a genetically diverse production of offspring and its role is not well understood and appreciated in the local farming system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of honeybees pollination on Black cumin seed yield and yield related parameters at Sinana Agricultural Research center at on-station. The study had three experiment; these includes plots caged with honeybees (T1), plots caged without honeybees (T2) and open pollinated plots (T3). All collected data were analyzed using One-way-Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the study seven species of insects were identified as Nigella sativa visitors or pollinators with the most frequent visitors were honeybees at 11:30 am time and minimum at 3:00 pm on open pollinated plot. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on Date of blooming, Date of flowering, Flowering period, Primary and secondary branches among the three treatments. Whereas, there were a significant difference (P<0.05) on shading time, Number of capsule, Thousand kernel and total seed yield per hector. In general the present study showed that the highest seed yield/hector was achieved from crops caged with honeybees (20.20Qt/ha) and followed by open pollinated crop (17.54Qt/ha). The result also revealed that about 30.84% of seed yield advantage of Nigella sativa pollinated by honeybees over control/un pollinated by any insect. From this result it was concluded that visits of honeybees at flowering time of Nigella sativa have very helpful in boosting seed yield and yield related components of this crop.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88769660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20200402.11
Rajeev Nema, Sarita Khare
Background: Resistance to treatment represents the ‘big’ problem and the considerable improvement in survival rates still remains a researcher’s dream. Thus, continued research efforts are required to make treatments more personalized, to minimize side effects and improve overall survival and to also have an insight in toxico-genomics. Indeed proof of facts about medicinal plants worldwide and rich Indian medicinal flora, Objective: in the present investigation attempts to evaluate antimicrobials and anticancer therapeutic properties of isolated constituents from Withania somnifera (ASHWANGANDHA) Part Used Leaves, Aegle marmeleos (BEL) Part Used Leaves, Azadirachta indica (NEEM) Part Used Leaves, Ocimum sanctum (TULASI) Part Used Leaves, Method: Hydro alcoholic (1:1) Extracts were evaluated against cancer cell lines i.e. A549 (Lung carcinoma), PA-1 (Ovarian cancer) and MCF-7 (Breast cancer), with standard as Doxorubicin. Moreover the antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus coagulans and one Gram-negative—Escherichia coli, human pathogenic bacteria; and three fungal strains—Aspergillus niger, Tricoderma viride and Fusarium oxysporum. Result: The results showed significant association of phytochemicals on inhibition of test bacteria and fungi with significant p value p 0.05.
{"title":"In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Toward Anticancer and Antimicrobial of Azadirachta Indica, Aegle Marmelos, Ocimum Sanctum and Withania Somnifera Extracts","authors":"Rajeev Nema, Sarita Khare","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20200402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20200402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Resistance to treatment represents the ‘big’ problem and the considerable improvement in survival rates still remains a researcher’s dream. Thus, continued research efforts are required to make treatments more personalized, to minimize side effects and improve overall survival and to also have an insight in toxico-genomics. Indeed proof of facts about medicinal plants worldwide and rich Indian medicinal flora, Objective: in the present investigation attempts to evaluate antimicrobials and anticancer therapeutic properties of isolated constituents from Withania somnifera (ASHWANGANDHA) Part Used Leaves, Aegle marmeleos (BEL) Part Used Leaves, Azadirachta indica (NEEM) Part Used Leaves, Ocimum sanctum (TULASI) Part Used Leaves, Method: Hydro alcoholic (1:1) Extracts were evaluated against cancer cell lines i.e. A549 (Lung carcinoma), PA-1 (Ovarian cancer) and MCF-7 (Breast cancer), with standard as Doxorubicin. Moreover the antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus coagulans and one Gram-negative—Escherichia coli, human pathogenic bacteria; and three fungal strains—Aspergillus niger, Tricoderma viride and Fusarium oxysporum. Result: The results showed significant association of phytochemicals on inhibition of test bacteria and fungi with significant p value p 0.05.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87430434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20200401.15
P. Blas
Antibody based drugs are increasingly being used to treat a vast array of diseases because of their unique affinity to target specific antigen proteins on the surfaces of target cancer cells. Fusions of antibodies and conjugated biopharmaceuticals are progressively being used as this gives the opportunity to target other cytotoxic molecules to unwanted cells. It is critical to ensure these types of drug products are not fragile or uneconomical to produce at a large scale. A very small amount of precious protein solution can be characterised in an Ultra scale-down (USD) shear device to uncover if fusion proteins are prone to shear stress. This article presents how the purified and deglycosylated form of the MFECP1 fusion protein was quantified with an ELISA from 700-50 ng/ml, with a +/- 10% deviation in the standard curve. It also describes how the same MFECP1 fusion protein was analysed to establish the optimum experimental control conditions that were required to observe changes due to hydrodynamic-associated degradation in a shear device. Lastly, it looks at how a first order kinetic relationship can be used to model the rate of MFECP1 fusion protein degradation and how this was used to quantify the rate of protein loss during different shear environments with and without air/liquid interfaces.
{"title":"The Use of a Shear Device to Monitor the Stability of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv) Fusion Protein MFECP1","authors":"P. Blas","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20200401.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20200401.15","url":null,"abstract":"Antibody based drugs are increasingly being used to treat a vast array of diseases because of their unique affinity to target specific antigen proteins on the surfaces of target cancer cells. Fusions of antibodies and conjugated biopharmaceuticals are progressively being used as this gives the opportunity to target other cytotoxic molecules to unwanted cells. It is critical to ensure these types of drug products are not fragile or uneconomical to produce at a large scale. A very small amount of precious protein solution can be characterised in an Ultra scale-down (USD) shear device to uncover if fusion proteins are prone to shear stress. This article presents how the purified and deglycosylated form of the MFECP1 fusion protein was quantified with an ELISA from 700-50 ng/ml, with a +/- 10% deviation in the standard curve. It also describes how the same MFECP1 fusion protein was analysed to establish the optimum experimental control conditions that were required to observe changes due to hydrodynamic-associated degradation in a shear device. Lastly, it looks at how a first order kinetic relationship can be used to model the rate of MFECP1 fusion protein degradation and how this was used to quantify the rate of protein loss during different shear environments with and without air/liquid interfaces.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76360227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20200401.14
Mulat Zerihun, Hayelom Berhe
The proximate composition and physico chemical properties of released and improved Ethiopian sesame oil seed crops were evaluated. The results of statistical analyses showed significant variations in proximate composition values and physico chemical characteristics of sesame oil seed crops. The analysis of variance indicated that moisture content was ranged between 4.4% to 4.8%, total ash (4.70% to 8.72%), crude protein content (14.44% to 21.51%), crude fat /oil (44.40% to 50.84%) and carbohydrate was ranged between (16.23% to 29.46%). Maturity stage and storage conditions are the major factors for moisture contents. The lower moisture values indicated that there is low vulnerable for oil spoilage the so-called rancidity. Total ash values are the indication of inorganic elements that are present in food as minerals. From the ash values, comparatively Tate has a better mineral value as compared with others. Serkamo sesame variety has a better protein value while the minimum (14.44%) was recorded at Adi. This may due to the reason that protein values have direct correlation with agronomic practices. The oil contents of seed crops were significantly different; this may be due to genetic difference. The carbohydrate values have significant difference among varieties. These variations may be bringing form the concept that oil crops mostly have a better oil values, thus subtractions of carbohydrate from the proximate values have a significant effect on the carbohydrate’s values. On the other hand, the oil characterization of seed crops indicated that the range of saponification value was between (184.47 to 199.60 mgKOH/g), specific gravity (0.85 to 0.90), thousand seed weight (2.72 to 3.63 g), free fatty acid value (7.63 to 16.67%), ester value (151.32 to 182.90) and acid value (15.18 to 33.15 KOH/g). The physico chemical parameters of sesame oil seed crops were significantly different among varieties. This variation mainly exists due to genetic variabilities among the seed crops. From these ten different sesame varieties, Abasena with its lowest saponification value and high free fatty acid value indicated that the oil from this variety is regarded non-edible oil. Lower acid value indicated the oil stability against peroxidation. Abasena with its higher acid value indicated that the oil is not suitable for cooking as compared with the remain sesame varieties.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Some Physicochemical Properties of Different Sesame Varieties and Oil Yield, Ethiopia","authors":"Mulat Zerihun, Hayelom Berhe","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20200401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20200401.14","url":null,"abstract":"The proximate composition and physico chemical properties of released and improved Ethiopian sesame oil seed crops were evaluated. The results of statistical analyses showed significant variations in proximate composition values and physico chemical characteristics of sesame oil seed crops. The analysis of variance indicated that moisture content was ranged between 4.4% to 4.8%, total ash (4.70% to 8.72%), crude protein content (14.44% to 21.51%), crude fat /oil (44.40% to 50.84%) and carbohydrate was ranged between (16.23% to 29.46%). Maturity stage and storage conditions are the major factors for moisture contents. The lower moisture values indicated that there is low vulnerable for oil spoilage the so-called rancidity. Total ash values are the indication of inorganic elements that are present in food as minerals. From the ash values, comparatively Tate has a better mineral value as compared with others. Serkamo sesame variety has a better protein value while the minimum (14.44%) was recorded at Adi. This may due to the reason that protein values have direct correlation with agronomic practices. The oil contents of seed crops were significantly different; this may be due to genetic difference. The carbohydrate values have significant difference among varieties. These variations may be bringing form the concept that oil crops mostly have a better oil values, thus subtractions of carbohydrate from the proximate values have a significant effect on the carbohydrate’s values. On the other hand, the oil characterization of seed crops indicated that the range of saponification value was between (184.47 to 199.60 mgKOH/g), specific gravity (0.85 to 0.90), thousand seed weight (2.72 to 3.63 g), free fatty acid value (7.63 to 16.67%), ester value (151.32 to 182.90) and acid value (15.18 to 33.15 KOH/g). The physico chemical parameters of sesame oil seed crops were significantly different among varieties. This variation mainly exists due to genetic variabilities among the seed crops. From these ten different sesame varieties, Abasena with its lowest saponification value and high free fatty acid value indicated that the oil from this variety is regarded non-edible oil. Lower acid value indicated the oil stability against peroxidation. Abasena with its higher acid value indicated that the oil is not suitable for cooking as compared with the remain sesame varieties.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75318386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-04DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20200401.12
Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal
Failure analysis of laminated composite decks structures has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to the increased application of composite materials in a wide range of high-performance structures. Intensive experimental and theoretical studies of failure analysis and prediction are being reviewed. Delamination, the separation of two adjacent plies in composite laminates, represents one of the most critical failure modes in composite laminates. In fact, it is an essential issue in the evaluation of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance. Thus, broken fibers, delaminated regions, cracks in the matrix material, as well as holes, foreign inclusions and small voids constitute material and structural imperfections that can exist in composite structures. Imperfections have always existed and their effect on the structural response of a system has been very significant in many cases. These imperfections can be classified into two broad categories: initial geometrical imperfections and material or constructional imperfections. Delamination is a critical failure mode in fiber-reinforced composite decks plates and beams. It may lead directly to through-thickness failure owing to interlaminar stresses caused by out of plane loading, curved or tapered geometry, or discontinuities owing to cracks, ply drops or free edges. Impact loading causes multiple delaminations, which can propagate in conjunction with sub laminate buckling, greatly reducing the residual compressive strength.
{"title":"Delamination Phenomenon in Composite Laminated Plates and Beams","authors":"Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20200401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20200401.12","url":null,"abstract":"Failure analysis of laminated composite decks structures has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to the increased application of composite materials in a wide range of high-performance structures. Intensive experimental and theoretical studies of failure analysis and prediction are being reviewed. Delamination, the separation of two adjacent plies in composite laminates, represents one of the most critical failure modes in composite laminates. In fact, it is an essential issue in the evaluation of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance. Thus, broken fibers, delaminated regions, cracks in the matrix material, as well as holes, foreign inclusions and small voids constitute material and structural imperfections that can exist in composite structures. Imperfections have always existed and their effect on the structural response of a system has been very significant in many cases. These imperfections can be classified into two broad categories: initial geometrical imperfections and material or constructional imperfections. Delamination is a critical failure mode in fiber-reinforced composite decks plates and beams. It may lead directly to through-thickness failure owing to interlaminar stresses caused by out of plane loading, curved or tapered geometry, or discontinuities owing to cracks, ply drops or free edges. Impact loading causes multiple delaminations, which can propagate in conjunction with sub laminate buckling, greatly reducing the residual compressive strength.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81569995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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