Pub Date : 2017-08-18DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170104.12
R. Gunasekaran, C. Karthikeyan, J. Pavalam, P. MohanaPriya, A. Preethi, V. Indhumathi
A new concept of Power line Communication. Now human operators do the Meter reading for the consumption of Electricity from house to house and building to building. It requires huge number of labor and takes more time to complete the process. Reading error is a common cause of human operator. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) becomes an executable option to overcome the problems of huge time taking to get the meter readings, the measured values are in kilo watt-hours (kWh) by energy meter. The supply status of the consumer reading unit we identified the disk rotation of the energy meter. The main advantage of this system is a low cost system that produces very encouraging results and it can be implemented upon existing electro-mechanical meters so there is no need to purchasing new meters AMR is the remote collection of consumption data from customer’s utility meters over power line. Power-Line Communication (PLC) carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power distribution to consumers. PLC transmitter is responsible for transmission of data from the provider end. At the provider end, there will be the PLC receiver, which is responsible for data receiving, and this module makes an interface with computer, which is responsible for data processing.
{"title":"Power Line Carrier Communication Using Automated Meter Reading","authors":"R. Gunasekaran, C. Karthikeyan, J. Pavalam, P. MohanaPriya, A. Preethi, V. Indhumathi","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170104.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170104.12","url":null,"abstract":"A new concept of Power line Communication. Now human operators do the Meter reading for the consumption of Electricity from house to house and building to building. It requires huge number of labor and takes more time to complete the process. Reading error is a common cause of human operator. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) becomes an executable option to overcome the problems of huge time taking to get the meter readings, the measured values are in kilo watt-hours (kWh) by energy meter. The supply status of the consumer reading unit we identified the disk rotation of the energy meter. The main advantage of this system is a low cost system that produces very encouraging results and it can be implemented upon existing electro-mechanical meters so there is no need to purchasing new meters AMR is the remote collection of consumption data from customer’s utility meters over power line. Power-Line Communication (PLC) carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power distribution to consumers. PLC transmitter is responsible for transmission of data from the provider end. At the provider end, there will be the PLC receiver, which is responsible for data receiving, and this module makes an interface with computer, which is responsible for data processing.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76365354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-31DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170104.11
M. Kalaiyarasi, P. Vijayaraghavan, S.R.F. Raj, S. Vincent
A cheap agro-industrial waste was used as the substrate for the production of protease and cellulase from Bacillus cereus KA3. The process parameters were optimized by a two level full factorial design and response surface methodology. Two level full factorial designs revealed that the factors namely, pH, peptone and NaH2PO4 were significantly influenced on the production of protease and cellulase. These three significant factors were selected for central composite design and response surface methodology. The maximum protease and cellulase production was 3127 U/g, and 482 U/g, respectively, after statistical approach, which showed over fourfold increase in enzyme production than unoptimized medium.
{"title":"Statistical Approach for the Production of Protease and Cellulase from Bacillus cereus KA3","authors":"M. Kalaiyarasi, P. Vijayaraghavan, S.R.F. Raj, S. Vincent","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170104.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170104.11","url":null,"abstract":"A cheap agro-industrial waste was used as the substrate for the production of protease and cellulase from Bacillus cereus KA3. The process parameters were optimized by a two level full factorial design and response surface methodology. Two level full factorial designs revealed that the factors namely, pH, peptone and NaH2PO4 were significantly influenced on the production of protease and cellulase. These three significant factors were selected for central composite design and response surface methodology. The maximum protease and cellulase production was 3127 U/g, and 482 U/g, respectively, after statistical approach, which showed over fourfold increase in enzyme production than unoptimized medium.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170102.14
U. D. Offiong, G. Akpan
This paper evaluates the methods of fermenting palm sap for bio ethanol production and compares the yield. A survey was carried out in three local government in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien Udim, Ikot Abasi and Uruan local government area. Personal interviews were conducted with local palm wine dealers and questionnaires distributed. Three types of palm trees were found dominant in these areas; oil, raphia and nypa palm tree. The sap from these three palm trees were used in investigation. Two methods were investigated; natural and yeasted fermentation using saccharomyces cerevisae. 60% respondents of the questionnaires agreed on using additives to speed up fermentation. Experiments were carried out in which the result shows that yeasted fermentation yields more alcohol than natural fermentation and also reduce the period of fermentation.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Palm Sap Fermentation for Bio-ethanol Production","authors":"U. D. Offiong, G. Akpan","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170102.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170102.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the methods of fermenting palm sap for bio ethanol production and compares the yield. A survey was carried out in three local government in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien Udim, Ikot Abasi and Uruan local government area. Personal interviews were conducted with local palm wine dealers and questionnaires distributed. Three types of palm trees were found dominant in these areas; oil, raphia and nypa palm tree. The sap from these three palm trees were used in investigation. Two methods were investigated; natural and yeasted fermentation using saccharomyces cerevisae. 60% respondents of the questionnaires agreed on using additives to speed up fermentation. Experiments were carried out in which the result shows that yeasted fermentation yields more alcohol than natural fermentation and also reduce the period of fermentation.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170103.13
A. Ahmed, S. O. Siyaka
This paper presents a study of corrosion resistance of 96% Al, 3.5% Zn and 0.5% Mg using Veronia Amygdalina leaf extract as the inhibitor. The experiment was conducted in different concentration of Veronia Amygdalina (15, 30, 45, 60ml) at 4M Nacl solution. The experiment was evaluated using the weight or metal loss method. The results obtained were compared against a control experiment without addition of an inhibitor. The highest inhibitive effect was obtained at the corrosion rate of 0.34750mmpy at 240hrs in 30ml of aqueous extract of Veronia Amygdalina in Nacl solution.
{"title":"A Study of Veronia Amygdalina Leaf Extract on Corrosion Resistance of 96%Al, 3.5%Zn and 0.5%Mg in Nacl Solution","authors":"A. Ahmed, S. O. Siyaka","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170103.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170103.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of corrosion resistance of 96% Al, 3.5% Zn and 0.5% Mg using Veronia Amygdalina leaf extract as the inhibitor. The experiment was conducted in different concentration of Veronia Amygdalina (15, 30, 45, 60ml) at 4M Nacl solution. The experiment was evaluated using the weight or metal loss method. The results obtained were compared against a control experiment without addition of an inhibitor. The highest inhibitive effect was obtained at the corrosion rate of 0.34750mmpy at 240hrs in 30ml of aqueous extract of Veronia Amygdalina in Nacl solution.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91426241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170103.15
S. Usman, A. Girei, M. E. Nkereuwem
In recent years, the concern about degradation and deforestation of forest trees has changed from negative consequences and decline of many important natural species, to thinking about ways to improve and manage the remaining plants in northern Nigeria. The benefits of this management has been noted to ensure the sustainable use of woods for fuel, honey for medicine and other human needs, fruits for eating, fodder and grasses for livestock and many other important plant resources for medicinal purposes in local communities. Deforestation and desertification caused serious damage to most of the forest areas in northern Nigeria. Many advices and practices continue to provide favourable environment for better management of the African forests. Sustainable forest management was considered as an alternative to maintains and improves the soil biodiversity, soil productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and potential of the economic values of northern Nigerian forest trees. As part of this sustainable forest management practices, this paper, provides an outline of some key recommendations on how to improve, maintain and manage forest trees and their soil biodiversity in the region.
{"title":"An Outline of Some Key Recommendations to Improve and Manage Forest Trees in Northern Nigerian Soil Ecosystem – A Short Message","authors":"S. Usman, A. Girei, M. E. Nkereuwem","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170103.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170103.15","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the concern about degradation and deforestation of forest trees has changed from negative consequences and decline of many important natural species, to thinking about ways to improve and manage the remaining plants in northern Nigeria. The benefits of this management has been noted to ensure the sustainable use of woods for fuel, honey for medicine and other human needs, fruits for eating, fodder and grasses for livestock and many other important plant resources for medicinal purposes in local communities. Deforestation and desertification caused serious damage to most of the forest areas in northern Nigeria. Many advices and practices continue to provide favourable environment for better management of the African forests. Sustainable forest management was considered as an alternative to maintains and improves the soil biodiversity, soil productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and potential of the economic values of northern Nigerian forest trees. As part of this sustainable forest management practices, this paper, provides an outline of some key recommendations on how to improve, maintain and manage forest trees and their soil biodiversity in the region.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77950623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170103.14
S. A. Abdulsada, Ali I Al-Mosawi, A. Hadi
Due to the high cost of repair of damaged constructions, some preventive measures, namely using, for example, rice husks as corrosion inhibitor admixtures were chosen as a prospective preventive technique. Along this approach, laboratory concrete samples were so prepared and sent to mechanical testing, and concurrently, the inhibitive potential of the rice husks suspended in electrolyte solution (water with dissolved sodium chloride of 3.5 wt.%) was also tested by using a standard electrochemical corrosion testing technique, i.e. the powdered rice husk was added to the electrolyte solution in different dosages (1%, 2% and 3%), then the corrosion currents of the steel samples were recorded by using a three-electrode cell assemblage. In these laboratory tests a quite steady decreasing tendency could be observed in the measured corrosion current densities ( I corr ) compared to the case when the electrolyte solution did not contain any inhibitor admixture ( I corr =41.3 µA/cm 2 ; taken as the reference). For example, a corrosion current of I corr = 28.5 µA/cm 2 was measured at 1% rice husk concentration, and only I corr = 7.8 µA/cm 2 when the solution was mixed with 3% rice husk powder.
{"title":"Studying the Effect of Eco-addition Inhibitors on Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Concrete","authors":"S. A. Abdulsada, Ali I Al-Mosawi, A. Hadi","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170103.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170103.14","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high cost of repair of damaged constructions, some preventive measures, namely using, for example, rice husks as corrosion inhibitor admixtures were chosen as a prospective preventive technique. Along this approach, laboratory concrete samples were so prepared and sent to mechanical testing, and concurrently, the inhibitive potential of the rice husks suspended in electrolyte solution (water with dissolved sodium chloride of 3.5 wt.%) was also tested by using a standard electrochemical corrosion testing technique, i.e. the powdered rice husk was added to the electrolyte solution in different dosages (1%, 2% and 3%), then the corrosion currents of the steel samples were recorded by using a three-electrode cell assemblage. In these laboratory tests a quite steady decreasing tendency could be observed in the measured corrosion current densities ( I corr ) compared to the case when the electrolyte solution did not contain any inhibitor admixture ( I corr =41.3 µA/cm 2 ; taken as the reference). For example, a corrosion current of I corr = 28.5 µA/cm 2 was measured at 1% rice husk concentration, and only I corr = 7.8 µA/cm 2 when the solution was mixed with 3% rice husk powder.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86550072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170103.11
M. Gómez-Sánchez, R. Sánchez, E. Espinosa, A. Rosal, Alejandro Rodríguez
Due to the global increase in the demand for paper and cardboard, and depletion in some areas of wood resources (main raw material in the paper industry), it has been necessary to investigate new raw materials to substitute the conventional ones. In this work, Phragmites australis , commonly known as reed, has been studied. It has been characterized the chemical composition of the raw material by determining the ash content, α-cellulose, holocellulose, lignin and their extractables in ethanol, 1% soda and hot water. Subsequently three pulping processes have been conducted, using the “soda method" under three different operating conditions. The cellulosic pulps and the papersheets made from the pulps were analysed in order to determine the chemical and physical properties following the relevant TAPPI, UNE and ISO standards. Comparing the results obtained, it can be possible to conclude that the pulp obtained under the following operating conditions: 175°, 90 minutes and 14% of NaOH, presents the best results.
{"title":"Production of Cellulosic Pulp from Reed (Phragmites australis) to Produce Paper and Paperboard","authors":"M. Gómez-Sánchez, R. Sánchez, E. Espinosa, A. Rosal, Alejandro Rodríguez","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170103.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170103.11","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the global increase in the demand for paper and cardboard, and depletion in some areas of wood resources (main raw material in the paper industry), it has been necessary to investigate new raw materials to substitute the conventional ones. In this work, Phragmites australis , commonly known as reed, has been studied. It has been characterized the chemical composition of the raw material by determining the ash content, α-cellulose, holocellulose, lignin and their extractables in ethanol, 1% soda and hot water. Subsequently three pulping processes have been conducted, using the “soda method\" under three different operating conditions. The cellulosic pulps and the papersheets made from the pulps were analysed in order to determine the chemical and physical properties following the relevant TAPPI, UNE and ISO standards. Comparing the results obtained, it can be possible to conclude that the pulp obtained under the following operating conditions: 175°, 90 minutes and 14% of NaOH, presents the best results.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82442378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170103.12
Bryant Isaac Mbir, A. Mensah
Urine treatment and nutrient removal was studied on a pilot scale in the DESAH building for a period of 3 months. The essence of the study was to evaluate the practical nutrient removal efficiencies of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus . The microalgae were grown on 3 different media― namely; mixture (mixed treated and untreated urine), untreated urine and control, and their nutrient removal efficiencies were investigated. Urine that has passed through the OLAND RBC system served as treated urine, and Bold’s basal medium served as the control. The OLAND RBC system was able to remove 95.7% of total chemical oxygen demand (COD), 27.1% total nitrogen, 99.7% ammonium, 88.6% total phosphorus and 89.3% ortho-phosphate from the influent urine. Low nutrient removal performance at a very high N: P molar ratios were observed in microalgae in the untreated urine. However, the nutrient removal capacities of microalgae were very high at reduced N: P molar ratios in the mixed medium. Chlorella sorokiniana was able to remove 63.2% TN and 55.8% TP at a low N: P molar ratio of 8.5:1, while Scenedesmus obtusiusculus removed 45.9% TN and 76.3% TP at an N: P molar ratio of 6.9:1. The results indicate that nutrient removal by microalgae is most efficient in mixed OLAND RBC treated and untreated urine culture. Therefore, the integration of the OLAND RBC system when designing microalgae induced wastewater treatment technologies for sanitation purposes is advocated.
{"title":"The Wastewater Nutrient Removal Efficiences of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus","authors":"Bryant Isaac Mbir, A. Mensah","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170103.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170103.12","url":null,"abstract":"Urine treatment and nutrient removal was studied on a pilot scale in the DESAH building for a period of 3 months. The essence of the study was to evaluate the practical nutrient removal efficiencies of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus . The microalgae were grown on 3 different media― namely; mixture (mixed treated and untreated urine), untreated urine and control, and their nutrient removal efficiencies were investigated. Urine that has passed through the OLAND RBC system served as treated urine, and Bold’s basal medium served as the control. The OLAND RBC system was able to remove 95.7% of total chemical oxygen demand (COD), 27.1% total nitrogen, 99.7% ammonium, 88.6% total phosphorus and 89.3% ortho-phosphate from the influent urine. Low nutrient removal performance at a very high N: P molar ratios were observed in microalgae in the untreated urine. However, the nutrient removal capacities of microalgae were very high at reduced N: P molar ratios in the mixed medium. Chlorella sorokiniana was able to remove 63.2% TN and 55.8% TP at a low N: P molar ratio of 8.5:1, while Scenedesmus obtusiusculus removed 45.9% TN and 76.3% TP at an N: P molar ratio of 6.9:1. The results indicate that nutrient removal by microalgae is most efficient in mixed OLAND RBC treated and untreated urine culture. Therefore, the integration of the OLAND RBC system when designing microalgae induced wastewater treatment technologies for sanitation purposes is advocated.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72642466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170102.15
H. X. Phong, Mach Tu Quyen, N. Thạnh, B. Long, N. Dung
Lactic acid bacteria are used popularly for fruit juice fermentation because they are good sources of probiotics for human. In this study, ten lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 7 samples of naturally fermented pineapple juice. All isolates could grow in the MRS medium pH 1.5 and reach high densities (6.80 – 6.95 log CFU/mL) after 2 h of incubation at 37°C. Moreover, Lactobacillus sp. Y1 produced highest lactic acid concentration (1.20% w/v) and identified as L. acidophilus . The different diluted ratios of pineapple juice (0, 10, 20 and 30% w/v) and different sucrose supplementations (0, 3, 6, and 9% w/v) were used for testing fermenting capacity of L. acidophilus Y1. The undiluted pineapple juice with 9% (w/v) of sucrose supplementation was found to be suitable for fermentation. Based on the results of sensory evaluation and bacterial density determination, the favorable conditions for pineapple fermentation were determined as follow: initial bacterial level at 5.0 log cells/mL, fermentation time for 36 h at 37°C. The results of storage testing showed that the suitable temperature for product storage was 4 – 6°C, bacterial density (8.06 log CFU/mL) of final product was maintained up to 3 weeks.
{"title":"Selection of High Acid Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria and Potential Application in Pineapple Juice Fermentation","authors":"H. X. Phong, Mach Tu Quyen, N. Thạnh, B. Long, N. Dung","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170102.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170102.15","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria are used popularly for fruit juice fermentation because they are good sources of probiotics for human. In this study, ten lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 7 samples of naturally fermented pineapple juice. All isolates could grow in the MRS medium pH 1.5 and reach high densities (6.80 – 6.95 log CFU/mL) after 2 h of incubation at 37°C. Moreover, Lactobacillus sp. Y1 produced highest lactic acid concentration (1.20% w/v) and identified as L. acidophilus . The different diluted ratios of pineapple juice (0, 10, 20 and 30% w/v) and different sucrose supplementations (0, 3, 6, and 9% w/v) were used for testing fermenting capacity of L. acidophilus Y1. The undiluted pineapple juice with 9% (w/v) of sucrose supplementation was found to be suitable for fermentation. Based on the results of sensory evaluation and bacterial density determination, the favorable conditions for pineapple fermentation were determined as follow: initial bacterial level at 5.0 log cells/mL, fermentation time for 36 h at 37°C. The results of storage testing showed that the suitable temperature for product storage was 4 – 6°C, bacterial density (8.06 log CFU/mL) of final product was maintained up to 3 weeks.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74407054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-28DOI: 10.11648/J.BE.20170102.13
A. B. Fashina, O. Durodola, Ibrahim Adebayo Hammed
An oil palm fruit digester was designed, fabricated and tested. The materials for fabrication were sourced locally. The machine was tested for throughput capacity (Dc) and efficiency (η). Average throughput capacity of 330.91 kg/h and efficiency of 62.35% were obtained. Rate of digestion increased with the increase in mass of the digesting palm fruits while the efficiency of the oil palm fruit digester decreased with increase in mass of the digesting palm fruit in some cases. The machine is simple to operate and maintain.
{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of an Oil Palm Fruit Digester","authors":"A. B. Fashina, O. Durodola, Ibrahim Adebayo Hammed","doi":"10.11648/J.BE.20170102.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BE.20170102.13","url":null,"abstract":"An oil palm fruit digester was designed, fabricated and tested. The materials for fabrication were sourced locally. The machine was tested for throughput capacity (Dc) and efficiency (η). Average throughput capacity of 330.91 kg/h and efficiency of 62.35% were obtained. Rate of digestion increased with the increase in mass of the digesting palm fruits while the efficiency of the oil palm fruit digester decreased with increase in mass of the digesting palm fruit in some cases. The machine is simple to operate and maintain.","PeriodicalId":8944,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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