Bioelectromagnetics最新文献

This study investigates the interaction between 4.0 GHz microwave radiation and bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Previous work by the authors at 5.6 GHz demonstrated mild (~74%) but statistically significant reductions in virus survival, attributed to a combination of thermal as well as non-thermal effects, such as Structure-Resonant Energy Transfer (SRET). This research aims to expand the frequency dataset to better elucidate the roles of thermal and non-thermal effects in radio frequency (RF)-induced viral inactivation. These experiments were performed in a waveguide containing a flowing aerosol stream and were limited to a single RF waveform: ∼2 μs square envelope, 4.0 GHz, 4.8 kHz repetition rate. Aerosol streams were exposed to RF electric field amplitudes in the range of 41.5 ± 5.2 kV/m. Under laminar flow conditions, 80% of the total collected aerosol stream spends 1.0 s or less in the RF exposure region. Analysis via TCID₅₀ assays revealed no statistically significant reduction in virus survival compared to controls, nor significant changes in data variance or standard deviation. Results align with prior observations that higher frequencies (~7–8 GHz) produce more pronounced inactivation effects, while lower frequencies exhibit reduced efficacy. The findings underscore the frequency dependence of microwave inactivation mechanisms and highlight the need for further studies at higher frequencies. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2025. © 2025 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Pain poses a global challenge involving sensory, cognitive, and emotional mechanisms, necessitating effective treatments. In this study, we evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), a noninvasive low-frequency signal with potential anti-inflammatory effects, in male Swiss mice after a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation. The aim was to identify the optimal PEMF pulse frequency (5, 50, or 75 Hz) and treatment duration (10, 20, or 30 min) for analgesic effects, assessed by mechanical hyperalgesia, and to investigate peripheral (paw) and central (spinal cord, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex) inflammatory and oxidative responses following CFA administration. Emotion-related behaviors were also assessed; however, CFA did not induce detectable anxiety- or depression-like alterations under the experimental conditions used. The best antihyperalgesic effect was at 75 Hz, particularly with 20 and 30 min of treatment, without affecting paw edema. A 20-min PEMF treatment at 75 Hz reduced TNF levels in the paw and increased SOD enzyme activity in the paw and spinal cord, indicating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects both peripherally and centrally. These results confirm PEMF's antihyperalgesic effect, identifying 75 Hz and 20 min as optimal parameters. Understanding PEMF mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic targets, improving pain management in patients with inflammatory conditions, and altering the underlying pathological process.

This study investigated the biological effects of GSM-modulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field exposure on male reproductive function and evaluated the potential protective role of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: Control, RF, CoQ10, and RF + CoQ10. Animals were exposed to RF for 2 h/day over 30 days, while CoQ10 was administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg/day. Hormonal (testosterone, LH, FSH), biochemical (MDA, GSH, TAS, TOS), and histopathological assessments were performed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) simulations estimated a whole-body SAR of  0.16995 W/kg and a testis-specific SAR of 0.02669 W/kg. RF exposure significantly reduced testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, increased MDA and TOS concentrations, and induced degenerative changes in testicular histology. CoQ10 treatment partially ameliorated these alterations by restoring testosterone and TAS levels and reducing tissue damage. These results indicate that even low-SAR GSM-modulated 3.5 GHz RF exposure may negatively impact male reproductive health, and CoQ10 supplementation may confer partial protective effects. Because the exposure consisted of a GSM-modulated waveform, the results cannot be extrapolated to FR1 5G NR signals used in real communication systems. Further studies are needed to clarify mechanisms and assess biological relevance under real-world exposure conditions. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

The global incidence of cancer-related diseases and mortality continues to rise, making early and accurate diagnosis crucial for effective treatment. A key step in cancer treatment is the identification and removal of tumorous tissue, which is subsequently analyzed through pathological examinations. However, traditional pathology reports can take several weeks or even months to be processed. To expedite diagnosis, this study employs microwave measurement techniques to distinguish between healthy and cancerous colon tissue samples. The free-space measurement method is selected due to its suitability for evaluating sensitive pathological tissues. Measurements are conducted across 201 points within the 18–26 GHz frequency range, capturing the scattering parameters of various tissue types. Based on these measurements, four distinct datasets are created, incorporating features such as reflection coefficients, transmission coefficients, and frequency values. Three widely used classification algorithms—k-nearest neighbors (KNNs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs)—are evaluated for their performance on these datasets. The highest classification accuracy is achieved using the KNN algorithm on the dataset containing both reflection and transmission coefficients, along with measurement frequency. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2025. © 2025 © 2025 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Various studies have indicated that moderate static magnetic fields (MMFs) could inhibit bone loss and facilitate bone fracture healing. The biological effects of static magnetic fields vary depending on their orientation. Herein, we investigated the effects of MMF in different orientations on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice were exposed to 20–100 mT MMFs with magnetic field lines oriented in the N-upward and S-upward directions for 8 weeks, respectively. Then, the bone mass, microarchitecture, mechanical properties, and turnover markers were evaluated. The results showed that both N-upward and S-upward MMFs exposure prevented the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) induced by OVX, improved the bone microstructure, and enhanced the bone mechanical properties. The serum bone formation markers propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OCN) have been increased by MMFs exposure, while bone resorption marker beta-isomer of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) has been decreased by MMFs exposure in OVX mice. Meanwhile, MMFs exposure decreased osteoclast distribution on the surface of trabecular bone and cortical bone. N-upward MMF exposure increased osteoblast number per bone surface (N.Ob/BS) in trabecular bone. Moreover, mice under N-upward orientation MMFs exposure exhibited higher stiffness, elastic modulus, and total energy absorption in terms of tibial mechanical properties compared to S-upward orientation MMFs exposure. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that 20–100 mT MMFs exposure with different orientations suppressed the ovariectomized-induced bone loss and mechanical properties degradation in mice, and the N-upward MMFs hold superior effects.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which collectively increase bone fragility and fracture risk. The condition primarily arises from a metabolic imbalance in which bone resorption outstrips bone formation, leading to a net decrease in bone mass. Current pharmacological treatments, such as bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy, are limited by side effects and high costs. In contrast, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) represent a non-invasive and cost-effective physical intervention that has shown promise in promoting bone formation and slowing the progression of OP. This review summarizes current findings on the mechanisms by which EMFs influence bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and discusses challenges in clinical translation, including parameter optimization and mechanistic complexity. Future research should focus on establishing standardized protocols and leveraging advanced technologies to fully realize the therapeutic potential of EMFs.