Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.474
Ma Jeasa G. Torrefranca, Rainick T. Navarro, C. Go
Spinal metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) found in extragonadal location is a rare event and even more uncommon at the initial presentation. In this case report, we present a 20-year old male’s clinical presentation of spinal cord compression. He presented with paraplegia, neurologic bladder, and bowel dysfunction. Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated 9th thoracic vertebra metastasis, and cord compression with edema. A chest computed tomography scan with contrast further revealed mediastinal and right infrahilar mass. Its histopathological features were consistent with Yolk Sac Tumor (YST). Further investigation using bone scintigraphy revealed spinal metastasis. This case represents a rare clinical presentation and disease manifestation of a metastatic extragonadal YST originating from the mediastinum and causing spinal cord compression in an adult male. Although it is rare, spinal cord compression should raise awareness and prompt evaluation for metastatic lesions given the rate of NSGCT metastasis and its associated poor prognosis.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Originating from Extragonadal Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Report","authors":"Ma Jeasa G. Torrefranca, Rainick T. Navarro, C. Go","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.474","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) found in extragonadal location is a rare event and even more uncommon at the initial presentation. In this case report, we present a 20-year old male’s clinical presentation of spinal cord compression. He presented with paraplegia, neurologic bladder, and bowel dysfunction. Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated 9th thoracic vertebra metastasis, and cord compression with edema. A chest computed tomography scan with contrast further revealed mediastinal and right infrahilar mass. Its histopathological features were consistent with Yolk Sac Tumor (YST). Further investigation using bone scintigraphy revealed spinal metastasis. This case represents a rare clinical presentation and disease manifestation of a metastatic extragonadal YST originating from the mediastinum and causing spinal cord compression in an adult male. Although it is rare, spinal cord compression should raise awareness and prompt evaluation for metastatic lesions given the rate of NSGCT metastasis and its associated poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.484
Jie Hu
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Motion of the Human Lumbar Spine","authors":"Jie Hu","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.483
Rahul Basho
The complexity of the spine makes an entire understanding of its mechanical function difficult, particularly since the stresses and strains can't be measured directly with non-invasive techniques. To explain the behaviour of the spine and its various components, biomechanical models are used where in-vivo studies are impractical. All biomechanical models of the spine share one common feature; each must contains an anatomical model of the spine and a way of distributing force to the components during this anatomical model. There's little consistency between previous anatomical models with authors incorporating different numbers of muscles, using different measures of muscle area (physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) or cross-sectional area (CSA)), grouping muscles differently with reference to activation and using values between 30 N cm-2 and 100 N cm-2 for the utmost muscle force intensity. Most of those differences stem from a scarcity of detailed anatomical information for the muscles of the lumbar spine.
脊柱的复杂性使得对其机械功能的全面理解变得困难，特别是因为应力和应变不能用非侵入性技术直接测量。为了解释脊柱及其各种组成部分的行为，生物力学模型被用于体内研究不切实际的地方。所有脊柱的生物力学模型都有一个共同的特征;每一个都必须包含一个脊柱的解剖模型和在这个解剖模型中分配力给组件的方法。以前的解剖模型之间几乎没有一致性，作者采用不同数量的肌肉，使用不同的肌肉面积测量(生理横断面积(PCSA)或横断面积(CSA))，根据激活情况对肌肉进行不同的分组，并使用30 N cm-2和100 N cm-2之间的值作为最大肌肉力量强度。这些差异大多源于对腰椎肌肉的详细解剖信息的缺乏。
{"title":"Theoretical Model of the Lumbar Spine Musculature","authors":"Rahul Basho","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.483","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of the spine makes an entire understanding of its mechanical function difficult, particularly since the stresses and strains can't be measured directly with non-invasive techniques. To explain the behaviour of the spine and its various components, biomechanical models are used where in-vivo studies are impractical. All biomechanical models of the spine share one common feature; each must contains an anatomical model of the spine and a way of distributing force to the components during this anatomical model. There's little consistency between previous anatomical models with authors incorporating different numbers of muscles, using different measures of muscle area (physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) or cross-sectional area (CSA)), grouping muscles differently with reference to activation and using values between 30 N cm-2 and 100 N cm-2 for the utmost muscle force intensity. Most of those differences stem from a scarcity of detailed anatomical information for the muscles of the lumbar spine.","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.475
L. ShinyJacqueline
{"title":"An Editorial Note on Myelopathy","authors":"L. ShinyJacqueline","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.496
A. Fisher
Adults with Spina Bifida (SB) can now live longer than ever before thanks to advances in medical research. Because of the increase in life expectancy, health care must be extended into maturity. The death of newborns with myelomeningocele had a substantial impact on survival rates prior to 1975. At least 75%–85% of children born with SB are projected to live to adulthood today. However, based on the current statistics, it is impossible to correctly predict the life expectancy of persons with SB. The expanding adult SB population has sparked a slew of research projects aimed at elucidating medical and rehabilitative concerns that affect this group. Neurological, neurosurgical, cognitive, psychosocial, renal/urological, bowel management, mobility, musculoskeletal/orthopaedic, sexual function, skin, and other domains are among them. Complications of the kidneys, heart, and lungs have all been identified as common causes of mortality. The medical and rehabilitation care of these secondary health disorders must be optimised in order to reduce mortality, morbidity, and impairment in adults with SB and improve quality of life.
{"title":"Medical Rehabilitation of the Adult with Spine Bifida","authors":"A. Fisher","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.496","url":null,"abstract":"Adults with Spina Bifida (SB) can now live longer than ever before thanks to advances in medical research. Because of the increase in life expectancy, health care must be extended into maturity. The death of newborns with myelomeningocele had a substantial impact on survival rates prior to 1975. At least 75%–85% of children born with SB are projected to live to adulthood today. However, based on the current statistics, it is impossible to correctly predict the life expectancy of persons with SB. The expanding adult SB population has sparked a slew of research projects aimed at elucidating medical and rehabilitative concerns that affect this group. Neurological, neurosurgical, cognitive, psychosocial, renal/urological, bowel management, mobility, musculoskeletal/orthopaedic, sexual function, skin, and other domains are among them. Complications of the kidneys, heart, and lungs have all been identified as common causes of mortality. The medical and rehabilitation care of these secondary health disorders must be optimised in order to reduce mortality, morbidity, and impairment in adults with SB and improve quality of life.","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.498
P. Sushma
{"title":"Advances in Spine Research and Related Treatments","authors":"P. Sushma","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.21.10.498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.489
Cristian Balcescu, Kayla Bradburn, Alex, er Rosinsky, Jeffrey A. Konopka, M. McCarthy, Joseph D. Smucker, Barrett S. Boody, R. Sasso
Study background: Autologous Iliac Crest Bone Graft is considered the gold standard graft for use in instrumented spinal fusion procedures. Due to significant morbidity and complication rate, alternate graft materials have been investigated. This study seeks to determine the fusion rate of one such alternative, the K2M VESUVIUSTM Osteobiologic Fibers, a form of demineralized bone matrix. Methods: Prospectively collected CT scans of 27 patients with 29 instrumented levels were taken 1 year post-operatively. These were reviewed blindly by 5 fellowship trained spine surgeons to evaluate for fusion. The fusion mass was graded as no fusion (grade 1), partial unilateral (grade 2), partial bilateral (grade 3), solid unilateral (grade 4), or solid bilateral (grade 5). The fusion mass was then further classified as solid (grade 4-5), probable fusion (grade 3), or non-union (grade 1-2). The Kappa method was used to assess interrater reliability. We calculated the proportion of successful subjects at both cut-off values of either Grade 3 or Grade 4/5. Results: When using a cut-off grade of 3 or higher, 40% of subjects achieved fusion according to 4 of 5 graders and 50% achieved fusion according to 3 of the 5 graders. When using a cut-off grade of 4 or higher, 28% of subjects were found to achieve fusion by at least 4 graders and approximately 50% achieved fusion according to 3 of the graders. When analyzing correlation between the reviewers, 8 of 10 interrater reliabilities demonstrated moderate to good agreement. Correlation by grade showed that only grade 1 had significant agreement amongst the graders with a kappa value of 0.3394. Otherwise, the combined kappa value was 0.1092. Conclusion: Compared to the literature control using iliac crest bone autograft of 70.6% fusion rate, the results with K2M VESUVIUSTM Osteobiologic Fibers DBM were disappointing regardless of the cut off used.
{"title":"Prospective Analysis of Fusion Rate with a New Demineralized Bone Matrix","authors":"Cristian Balcescu, Kayla Bradburn, Alex, er Rosinsky, Jeffrey A. Konopka, M. McCarthy, Joseph D. Smucker, Barrett S. Boody, R. Sasso","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.489","url":null,"abstract":"Study background: Autologous Iliac Crest Bone Graft is considered the gold standard graft for use in instrumented spinal fusion procedures. Due to significant morbidity and complication rate, alternate graft materials have been investigated. This study seeks to determine the fusion rate of one such alternative, the K2M VESUVIUSTM Osteobiologic Fibers, a form of demineralized bone matrix. Methods: Prospectively collected CT scans of 27 patients with 29 instrumented levels were taken 1 year post-operatively. These were reviewed blindly by 5 fellowship trained spine surgeons to evaluate for fusion. The fusion mass was graded as no fusion (grade 1), partial unilateral (grade 2), partial bilateral (grade 3), solid unilateral (grade 4), or solid bilateral (grade 5). The fusion mass was then further classified as solid (grade 4-5), probable fusion (grade 3), or non-union (grade 1-2). The Kappa method was used to assess interrater reliability. We calculated the proportion of successful subjects at both cut-off values of either Grade 3 or Grade 4/5. Results: When using a cut-off grade of 3 or higher, 40% of subjects achieved fusion according to 4 of 5 graders and 50% achieved fusion according to 3 of the 5 graders. When using a cut-off grade of 4 or higher, 28% of subjects were found to achieve fusion by at least 4 graders and approximately 50% achieved fusion according to 3 of the graders. When analyzing correlation between the reviewers, 8 of 10 interrater reliabilities demonstrated moderate to good agreement. Correlation by grade showed that only grade 1 had significant agreement amongst the graders with a kappa value of 0.3394. Otherwise, the combined kappa value was 0.1092. Conclusion: Compared to the literature control using iliac crest bone autograft of 70.6% fusion rate, the results with K2M VESUVIUSTM Osteobiologic Fibers DBM were disappointing regardless of the cut off used.","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JSP.2021.10.464
K. Mano
{"title":"An Editorial Note on Back Pain","authors":"K. Mano","doi":"10.37421/JSP.2021.10.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JSP.2021.10.464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70062091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.471
Roberto Paoli
It's a remarkable advancement that could affect hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. It's also the culmination of decades of multidisciplinary study that has slowly established an evidence base in animal studies with the scientists involved often facing scrutiny for doing so and carefully transferred that work into the clinic. Researchers have been working on a variety of ways to heal and reactivate the spinal cord following an injury for a long time. Many methods are highly successful in regenerating and restoring function in mice and other animals, but they do not apply to human treatments.
{"title":"After Spinal-Cord Stimulation, Can Paralyzed People Walk Again?","authors":"Roberto Paoli","doi":"10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-7939.2021.10.471","url":null,"abstract":"It's a remarkable advancement that could affect hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. It's also the culmination of decades of multidisciplinary study that has slowly established an evidence base in animal studies with the scientists involved often facing scrutiny for doing so and carefully transferred that work into the clinic. Researchers have been working on a variety of ways to heal and reactivate the spinal cord following an injury for a long time. Many methods are highly successful in regenerating and restoring function in mice and other animals, but they do not apply to human treatments.","PeriodicalId":89593,"journal":{"name":"Journal of spine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70050485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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