Biological research for nursing最新文献

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of resistance and aerobic training (RT and AT) on spexin (SPX), appetite, lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six T2DM men were randomized to receive RT (n = 12), AT (n = 12), or to act as a non-exercise control (CON, n = 12) 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Results: SPX was increased after both RT and AT (66.2% and 46.5%, respectively). VAI, LAP, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were reduced in both groups, while quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) and McAuley's indexes were increased following both interventions. However, the increases of both hunger and PFC in the RT group were greater than those of the AT. Moreover, the improvement of upper-body strength (41% vs. 10.3%) and lower-body strength (42.2% vs. 20.5%) in the RT group was greater than those of the AT. Conclusion: Our investigation shows that regardless of the modes of the regimen, a 12-week exercise intervention with RT and AT can effectively induce a significant improvement in SPX levels, appetite, LAP, VAI, and body composition in adults with T2DM.

Introduction: Aging is associated with subtle cognitive decline in attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and reasoning. Although lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to cognitive decline among older adults, it is not known if the association differs among individuals with various BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) genotypes. In addition, it is not clear whether these associations vary by hand grip strength or physical activity (PA).

Methods: A total of 2904 older adults were included in this study using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Associations between serum BDNF and measures of cognitive function were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models stratified by Met allele status. PA and hand grip strength were added to the model to evaluate whether including these variables altered associations between serum BDNF and cognition.

Results: Mean age was 71.4 years old, and mean body mass index was 28.3 kg/m². Serum BDNF levels were positively associated with higher total cognitive score (beta = 0.34, p = .07), mental status (beta = 0.16, p = .07), and word recall (beta = 0.22, p =.04) among Met carriers, while serum BDNF levels were negatively associated with mental status (beta = -0.09, p = .07) among non-Met carriers. Furthermore, associations changed when hand grip strength was added to the model but not when PA was added to the model.

Conclusions: The BDNF Val66Met variant may moderate the association between serum BDNF levels and cognitive function in older adults. Furthermore, such associations differ according to hand grip strength but not PA.

Background: Physical exercises are the first step of therapy for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise training with or without diet to ameliorate liver function, insulin resistance, and lipids in adults.

Data sources: We searched relevant databases up to 10 June 2021 for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials lasting 4 or more weeks that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise alone or accompanied by diet on change in liver enzymes, intrahepatic fat (IHF), insulin resistance, and lipids.

Results: Sixteen studies including 2255 participants were included. There was a significant pooled weighted mean differences (MD) for the comparison between aerobic exercise versus control in alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p = 0.003), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p = 0.006), IHF (p = 0.0004), body mass (p = 0.0003), and body mass index (p = 0.004). Moreover, there was a significant pooled MD for the comparison between aerobic exercise plus diet versus control in ALT (p < 0.0001), AST (p = 0.01), IHF (p = 0.02), GGT (p < 0.00001), insulin (p < 0.0001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.00001), body mass (p < 0.0001), and BMI (p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a role for aerobic exercise with and without diet protocol as a therapeutic purpose, and suggest that evaluation of aerobic training levels and aerobic training prescription plus diet should be routine in NAFLD.

This longitudinal study with a randomized controlled trial evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the patient-centered self-management intervention program on the control of blood pressure and renal function, as well as the quality of life of patients with hypertensive nephropathy. The control group (n = 38) received usual care while the experimental group (n = 38) participated in a patient-centered self-management program. After the pre-test, the intervention was performed with the experimental group once a week for a total of 4 weeks. Then, the post-test was performed 1, 3, and 6 months later. A questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and disease characteristics, laboratory data, and quality of life scale. This study tracked three time points (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 months) after the intervention and found that the experimental group achieved significant results in controlling systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007), and eGFR (p = 0.013). Significant results were achieved in the overall quality of life (p < 0.001) and the quality of life in the physical (PHC; p < 0.001) and mental health components (MHC; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects in the experimental group lasted for as long as 6 months and were better than those in the control group. Moreover, this program can provide nursing staff with a reference different from traditional health education methods.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium:potassium ratio and clinical disease activity parameters, damage accrual, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Research design and study sample: A cross-sectional study including a total of 280 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.9 ± 12.85 years). Data collection: The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate dietary intake of sodium and potassium. Results: Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA (β  =  -.005; 95% CI [.002 .008]; p = .001) and complement C4 level (β  =  -.002; 95% CI [-.003, .000]; p = .039). Dietary potassium intake was also significantly associated with complement C3 level (β  =  -.004; 95% CI [-.007, -.001]; p = .021). Multiple logistic regression models revealed a positive association between dietary sodium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 (p = .005) and an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 (p = .004). Conclusions: SLE patients with higher dietary sodium and lower dietary potassium intakes had an increased risk of higher hsCRP. Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA and complement C4 level, while dietary potassium intake was associated with complement C3 level, supporting that dietary sodium and potassium intakes might play a key role in markers related to disease activity in SLE patients.

Background: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) carries a high risk of infection and has spread rapidly around the world. However, there are limited data about the clinical symptoms globally. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the prevalence of the clinical symptoms of patient with COVID-19.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, medRxiv, and Google Scholar, from December 1st, 2019 to January 1st, 2021. Prevalence rates were pooled with meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I²) statistics.

Results: A total of 215 studies, involving 132,647 COVID-19 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of the four most common symptoms were fever 76.2% (n = 214; 95% CI 73.9-78.5); coughing 60.4% (n = 215; 95% CI 58.6-62.1); fatigue 33.6% (n = 175; 95% CI 31.2-36.1); and dyspnea 26.2% (n = 195; 95% CI 24.1-28.5). Other symptoms from highest to lowest in terms of prevalence include expectorant (22.2%), anorexia (21.6%), myalgias (17.5%), chills (15%), sore throat (14.1%), headache (11.7%), nausea or vomiting (8.7%), rhinorrhea (8.2%), and hemoptysis (3.3%). In subgroup analyses by continent, it was found that four symptoms have a slight prevalence variation-fever, coughing, fatigue, and diarrhea.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis found the most prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, coughing, fatigue, and dyspnea. This knowledge might be beneficial for the effective treatment and control of the COVID-19 outbreak. Additional studies are required to distinguish between symptoms during and after, in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Gout arthritis is an autoinflammatory arthritis that generates chronic long-term pain. Pain impacts physical activities, joint mobility, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Cold-water immersion therapy reduces inflammation and pain associated with gout arthritis. However, cold-water immersion therapy has not been conducted among people worldwide with gout arthritis. Objective: To investigate the cold-water immersion intervention on pain, joint mobility, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life among acute gout patients. Methods: A community-based randomized control trial design with two parallel-intervention groups: a cold-water immersion group (20-30°C 20 minutes/day for 4 weeks) and a control group. In total, 76 eligible participants in Tomohon City, Indonesia, were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method and were randomly assigned using block randomization. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the results (coef. β) and produce 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A path analysis was used to analyze mediating effects. Results: Significant pain alleviation (β = -2.06; -2.42), improved joint mobility (β = 1.20, 1.44), physical activity (β = 2.05, .59), stress (β = -1.25; -1.35), anxiety (β = -.62; -1.37), and quality of life (β = 5.34; 9.93) were detected after cold-water immersion at the second-week, and were maintained to the fourth-week time point, compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Depression (β = -1.80) had decreased by the fourth week compared to the pre-test and control group. Cold-water immersion directly mediated alleviation of pain (β = -.46, p ≤ .001) and to promote the quality of life (β = .16, p = .01). Conclusions: Cold-water immersion decreased pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and increased joint mobility, physical activity, and quality of life. It mediated alleviation of pain to increase the quality of life.

Background: Inconsistent results due to age, ethnic, and geographic differences have been found on the predictive capacity of atherogenic indices in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of 6 atherogenic indices for MetS in a Spanish adolescent population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2y) that were randomly recruited from schools in Southeastern Spain. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated to identify the presence of MetS. The following atherogenic indices were calculated: triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (LDL-c/HDL-c), and total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-c). Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves was used for discrimination purposes. AIP was the atherogenic index most strongly associated with MetS with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 37.98 in boys and of 28.75 in girls. A high OR was maintained after adjustment by different factors. AUC values for all atherogenic indices were above 0.83 and 0.88 in boys and in girls, respectively. Conclusions: Among the 6 atherogenic indices studied, AIP was the one most strongly associated with MetS in Spanish adolescents. The AUC values obtained from ROC analyses suggest that all atherogenic indices have the ability to predict MetS. These atherogenic indices are interesting and useful predictive indicators for MetS. However, more studies are needed to explore in-depth this predictive capacity.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to explore the effects of psychosocial stress from life trauma and racial discrimination on epigenetic aging.

Design: A systematic review of the last 10 years was conducted using four databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and CINAHL.

Methods: Articles were identified using the following terms: ([(DNA methylation) AND (epigenetic clock)] OR [(DNA methylation) AND (epigenetic age)]) AND (discrimination OR trauma)). Original research articles published in English measuring life trauma, post-traumatic stress, experience of discrimination, and epigenetic clocks or aging were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines.

Results: Ten articles met inclusion criteria. The study sample size ranged from 96 to 1163 and most study populations had a mean age under 50 and included predominantly White male participants. One study identified accelerated epigenetic aging associated with discrimination using Hannum's clock; 33% of studies evaluating life trauma reported epigenetic age acceleration using GrimAge or Horvath's clock; 25% of studies evaluating childhood trauma reported epigenetic age acceleration using Horvath's clock; and 71% of studies assessing post-traumatic stress observed epigenetic age acceleration with all clocks, while one study reported deceleration using Horvath's clock.

Conclusions: The experiences of life trauma, post-traumatic stress, and discrimination may be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging that can be consistently detected using different epigenetic clocks. Additional studies inclusive of diverse populations and other psychosocial stressors are needed.

Relevance: Nursing scholars and other health scientists who utilize epigenetic age acceleration to assess health risks may need to consider including psychosocial stressors in their studies as covariates.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a self-managed music-guided exercise intervention on muscle strength among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Methods We used a two-arm randomized-controlled trial. Following ICU discharge, eligible participants were assigned to one of two groups: music group (n = 13) or active control group (n = 13). The music group was taught to self-manage upper and lower extremity exercise movements by listening to an individualized music-guided playlist twice daily for 5 days. The active control group was provided an exercise brochure and advised to perform the same exercises at the same intervals. Dynamometers were used to measure muscle strength. T-tests and Weighted GEE models were used for testing the intervention effect between groups. Results Twenty-six subjects were enrolled. The mean age was 62.8 (SD = 13.8), 53.8% were male, 65.4% were Caucasian, and the mean APACHE severity of illness score was 59 (SD = 23.4). Reasons for ICU admission were mainly cardiac and medical. The music group showed significant improvements in handgrip, plantar flexion, leg extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder adduction strengths on left and right sides. Additionally, left and right leg extensor and left plantar flexor strengths showed significant post-differences, and small to moderately large effect sizes, between the music group and control group. Conclusion These findings suggest that a music-guided exercise intervention has the potential to improve muscle strength in ICU survivors and prevent further post-ICU deterioration in ICU survivors. Future trials should build upon these preliminary findings.