P. Thangavel, S. Natarajan, Velmurugam Shanmugam, S. Sulaiman, R. Ramasamy
The present study attempts to explain a mass culture protocol for large scale multiple shoot bud regeneration from nodal explants of Citrullus colocynthis L. The highest shoot bud induction (94.9%) without attaining callus was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BA)in which the combination of benzyl amino purine BAP (1.0 mg/l), kinetin (0.5 mg/l), gibberellic acid (1.5 mg/l) produced more shoots/explants. This study strongly suggests that the pre-eminence of BA and other cytokinins in combination with GA3 was found to be essential for a swift multiple shoot bud induction as well as an enhanced rate of shoot proliferation in C. colocynthis. A full-strength MS medium, supplemented with indole 3 butyric acid IBA (1.5 mg/l) combined with BA (1.5 mg/l), had the maximum rooting response and the regenerated plantlets were successfully established in the field with an 80% survival rate.
{"title":"Lofty frequency and reproducible plant regeneration from mature nodal explants of ‘‘Egusi’’melon (Citrullus colocynthis L.)","authors":"P. Thangavel, S. Natarajan, Velmurugam Shanmugam, S. Sulaiman, R. Ramasamy","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87585","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to explain a mass culture protocol for large scale multiple shoot bud regeneration from nodal explants of Citrullus colocynthis L. The highest shoot bud induction (94.9%) without attaining callus was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BA)in which the combination of benzyl amino purine BAP (1.0 mg/l), kinetin (0.5 mg/l), gibberellic acid (1.5 mg/l) produced more shoots/explants. This study strongly suggests that the pre-eminence of BA and other cytokinins in combination with GA3 was found to be essential for a swift multiple shoot bud induction as well as an enhanced rate of shoot proliferation in C. colocynthis. A full-strength MS medium, supplemented with indole 3 butyric acid IBA (1.5 mg/l) combined with BA (1.5 mg/l), had the maximum rooting response and the regenerated plantlets were successfully established in the field with an 80% survival rate.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Daffalla, A. Elsheikh, Hiba A. Ali, M. Khalafalla
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori is a multi-purpose shrub species that is threatened in its natural environment because of extensive fruit collection and seed dormancy. We induced direct multiple shoots of G. tenax from the cotyledonary node, shoot, and stem node explants. The explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with up to 4.0 mg/l of benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), isopentanyl adenine (2iP), or thidiazuron (TDZ). The highest number of shoots (4.8 ± 0.4) was obtained when 2-shoot explants regenerated on the primary medium containing 3.0 mg/l 2iP were subcultured onto a secondary medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA. The induced-microshoots were transferred to either 1/4, 1/2, or full MS medium strengths. The use of a 1/4strength MS medium resulted in the formation of the highest number of roots and root length compared to a 1/2and full-strength MS. To improve rooting performance, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in various concentrations (up to 1.0 mg/l) was provided to a 1/4-strength MS medium. The average longest root (3.2 ± 0.4 cm) was achieved on a medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA. A rooting frequency of 100% and the maximum number of roots (6 ± 1.5) per explant were obtained using 1/4-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l IBA, and in vitro plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 75% survival rate. This study provides an efficient in vitro propagation system for G. tenax.
{"title":"Micropropagation of Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori – an important ethnomedicinal plant","authors":"H. M. Daffalla, A. Elsheikh, Hiba A. Ali, M. Khalafalla","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87588","url":null,"abstract":"Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori is a multi-purpose shrub species that is threatened in its natural environment because of extensive fruit collection and seed dormancy. We induced direct multiple shoots of G. tenax from the cotyledonary node, shoot, and stem node explants. The explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with up to 4.0 mg/l of benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), isopentanyl adenine (2iP), or thidiazuron (TDZ). The highest number of shoots (4.8 ± 0.4) was obtained when 2-shoot explants regenerated on the primary medium containing 3.0 mg/l 2iP were subcultured onto a secondary medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA. The induced-microshoots were transferred to either 1/4, 1/2, or full MS medium strengths. The use of a 1/4strength MS medium resulted in the formation of the highest number of roots and root length compared to a 1/2and full-strength MS. To improve rooting performance, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in various concentrations (up to 1.0 mg/l) was provided to a 1/4-strength MS medium. The average longest root (3.2 ± 0.4 cm) was achieved on a medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA. A rooting frequency of 100% and the maximum number of roots (6 ± 1.5) per explant were obtained using 1/4-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l IBA, and in vitro plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 75% survival rate. This study provides an efficient in vitro propagation system for G. tenax.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cocos nucifera L. is known as a tree of life because of its economic, domestic, and nutritional usefulness. Coconut oil (CO), which is derived from Cocos nucifera L., has received considerable attention because of its reported folkloric, nutritional, biological, and pharmacological properties. We previously reported the outstanding physicochemical properties of CO; therefore, we analyzed its antioxidant activity and chemical composition in this study. CO was extracted using a fermentation method with and without applying heat. Its antioxidant activity was investigated using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, the metal chelation capacity, the reduction of antioxidant power, and the nitric oxide scavenging capacity index. The compounds were identified using GC-MS. The data were expressed as a mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 21.0 with data being considered significant at P < 0.05. The results showed that CO demonstrated a concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging capacity index, with the highest activity in the heat-extracted virgin CO (HEVCO). The ferric-reducing antioxidant power and metal chelation capacity significantly varied (P < 0.05) between the HEVCO and the cold extracted virgin CO (CEVCO). The GCMS analysis of virgin CO identified important active compounds. The results revealed a higher content of phenolic compounds in HEVCO compared to CEVCO. In conclusion, applying heat favored incorporating phenolic compounds into CO and consequently improved the antioxidant potential of HEVCO compared to CEVCO.
{"title":"Antioxidant property and GCMS profile of oil extracted from Cocos nucifera using a fermentation method","authors":"Alabi Adenike, P. Adegbola, O. Fadahunsi","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.90236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.90236","url":null,"abstract":"Cocos nucifera L. is known as a tree of life because of its economic, domestic, and nutritional usefulness. Coconut oil (CO), which is derived from Cocos nucifera L., has received considerable attention because of its reported folkloric, nutritional, biological, and pharmacological properties. We previously reported the outstanding physicochemical properties of CO; therefore, we analyzed its antioxidant activity and chemical composition in this study. CO was extracted using a fermentation method with and without applying heat. Its antioxidant activity was investigated using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, the metal chelation capacity, the reduction of antioxidant power, and the nitric oxide scavenging capacity index. The compounds were identified using GC-MS. The data were expressed as a mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 21.0 with data being considered significant at P < 0.05. The results showed that CO demonstrated a concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging capacity index, with the highest activity in the heat-extracted virgin CO (HEVCO). The ferric-reducing antioxidant power and metal chelation capacity significantly varied (P < 0.05) between the HEVCO and the cold extracted virgin CO (CEVCO). The GCMS analysis of virgin CO identified important active compounds. The results revealed a higher content of phenolic compounds in HEVCO compared to CEVCO. In conclusion, applying heat favored incorporating phenolic compounds into CO and consequently improved the antioxidant potential of HEVCO compared to CEVCO.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Anwar, A. Z. Mustopa, R. A. Ningrum, S. Suharsono
The hepatitis B core antigen protein (HBcAg) may induce proliferation of B, T, and cytotoxic T cells; induce immune responses; and provide T-cell resources for antibody responses after vaccination (Freivalds et al., 2011). Thus, HBcAg may be used as a therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This article describes a study on the construction and expression of HBcAg in Lactococcus lactis by the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. An HBcAg gene, the HBV subgenotype B3 that is dominant in Indonesia, was successfully cloned into a pNZ8148 vector and resulted in the formation of the transformant L. lactis NZ3900 pNZ818-HBcAg. The HBcAg protein measured 21 kDa. Induction with 10 ng/ml nisin significantly increased the concentration of the expressed protein. Western blotting and dot blot hybridization analysis indicated that the HBcAg proteins confirmed the expression of an antibody, with potential to become an HBV therapeutic vaccine.
{"title":"Construction and expression of indonesian hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in Lactococcus lactis as potential therapeutic vaccine","authors":"R. Anwar, A. Z. Mustopa, R. A. Ningrum, S. Suharsono","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2019.83210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2019.83210","url":null,"abstract":"The hepatitis B core antigen protein (HBcAg) may induce proliferation of B, T, and cytotoxic T cells; induce immune responses; and provide T-cell resources for antibody responses after vaccination (Freivalds et al., 2011). Thus, HBcAg may be used as a therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This article describes a study on the construction and expression of HBcAg in Lactococcus lactis by the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. An HBcAg gene, the HBV subgenotype B3 that is dominant in Indonesia, was successfully cloned into a pNZ8148 vector and resulted in the formation of the transformant L. lactis NZ3900 pNZ818-HBcAg. The HBcAg protein measured 21 kDa. Induction with 10 ng/ml nisin significantly increased the concentration of the expressed protein. Western blotting and dot blot hybridization analysis indicated that the HBcAg proteins confirmed the expression of an antibody, with potential to become an HBV therapeutic vaccine.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71065673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytohormones play a very important role in enhancing plant growth by direct or indirect mechanisms involving plant-microbe interactions. Indole acetic acid (IAA) is one of the key phytohormones that directly enhance plant development. Kocuria rosea VB1 (GenBank ID: KY608093.1) and Arthrobacter luteolus VB2 (GenBank ID: KY608094.1) from polluted industrial water samples were characterized through a biochemical assay, 16S rDNA sequencing, and for promoting plant growth abilities. IAA production by VB1 and VB2 was tested in pure culture conditions supplemented with various L-tryptophan (Trp) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 500 μg @ml). A significant difference in indole production by VB2 and VB1 inoculant at various L-Trp concentrations has been observed. VB1 has been reported to produce increased amounts of indole from 0.33 μg @ml to 18.16 μg @ml, while the increase in indole production was from 0.63 μg @ml to 9.22 μg @ml for VB2 for various L-Trp concentrations. The VB1 strain produced 85.07 ng @ml and 123.7 ng @ml IAA, whereas the VB2 strain produced 70.3 ng @ml and 78.4 ng @ml IAA, respectively at 200 and 500 μg @ml Trp concentrations. The growth pouch experiments with maize root exudates also showed a positive effect for both bacterial inoculants tested on IAA biosynthesis in comparison to non-inoculated seeds. Inoculation of maize seeds with VB2 and VB1 bacteria gave a significantly higher level of IAA production in comparison to non-inoculated seeds. Current study outcomes show the beneficial aspects of plant growth regulators produced by free-living bacteria which could play a significant role in plant growth promotion.
{"title":"Production of indole acetic acid by Kocuria rosea VB1 and Arthrobacter luteolus VB2 under the influence of L-tryptophan and maize root exudates","authors":"A. Karnwal","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2019.83209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2019.83209","url":null,"abstract":"Phytohormones play a very important role in enhancing plant growth by direct or indirect mechanisms involving plant-microbe interactions. Indole acetic acid (IAA) is one of the key phytohormones that directly enhance plant development. Kocuria rosea VB1 (GenBank ID: KY608093.1) and Arthrobacter luteolus VB2 (GenBank ID: KY608094.1) from polluted industrial water samples were characterized through a biochemical assay, 16S rDNA sequencing, and for promoting plant growth abilities. IAA production by VB1 and VB2 was tested in pure culture conditions supplemented with various L-tryptophan (Trp) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 500 μg @ml). A significant difference in indole production by VB2 and VB1 inoculant at various L-Trp concentrations has been observed. VB1 has been reported to produce increased amounts of indole from 0.33 μg @ml to 18.16 μg @ml, while the increase in indole production was from 0.63 μg @ml to 9.22 μg @ml for VB2 for various L-Trp concentrations. The VB1 strain produced 85.07 ng @ml and 123.7 ng @ml IAA, whereas the VB2 strain produced 70.3 ng @ml and 78.4 ng @ml IAA, respectively at 200 and 500 μg @ml Trp concentrations. The growth pouch experiments with maize root exudates also showed a positive effect for both bacterial inoculants tested on IAA biosynthesis in comparison to non-inoculated seeds. Inoculation of maize seeds with VB2 and VB1 bacteria gave a significantly higher level of IAA production in comparison to non-inoculated seeds. Current study outcomes show the beneficial aspects of plant growth regulators produced by free-living bacteria which could play a significant role in plant growth promotion.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Sharma, Joginder Singh, C. Baskar, Ajay Kumar
Renewable energy production has attracted great attention due to public concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and the growing emphasis on zero carbon emissions. Two main drivers have pushed renewable energy production to the top of the global agenda: climate change and energy security. Biomass is considered to be the only sustainable source of organic carbon on earth and the perfect equivalent to petroleum for the production of bioenergy, biofuels and fine chemicals with net zero carbon emission in a biorefinery. This review focuses on the potential of producing energy from different biomasses and describes technologies such as direct combustion, microwave technology, hydrothermal liquefaction, and fast pyrolysis to convert biomass into bioenergy. Herein, innovative scalable concepts are provided to perform microwave pyrolysis on a larger scale. Current research is mainly focused on the use of catalysts to enhance the process. Various parameters affect the biomass pyrolysis process, properties, and yields of products. These generally include the biomass source, biomass pretreatment (physical, chemical, and biological), the catalyst, the reaction atmosphere, temperature, the heating rate, and the pressure and vapor residence time. The study also shows how various types of reactors affect the bio-oil yield in the presence of a catalyst.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of renewable energy production from biomass-derived bio-oil","authors":"Monika Sharma, Joginder Singh, C. Baskar, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2019.85323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2019.85323","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy production has attracted great attention due to public concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and the growing emphasis on zero carbon emissions. Two main drivers have pushed renewable energy production to the top of the global agenda: climate change and energy security. Biomass is considered to be the only sustainable source of organic carbon on earth and the perfect equivalent to petroleum for the production of bioenergy, biofuels and fine chemicals with net zero carbon emission in a biorefinery. This review focuses on the potential of producing energy from different biomasses and describes technologies such as direct combustion, microwave technology, hydrothermal liquefaction, and fast pyrolysis to convert biomass into bioenergy. Herein, innovative scalable concepts are provided to perform microwave pyrolysis on a larger scale. Current research is mainly focused on the use of catalysts to enhance the process. Various parameters affect the biomass pyrolysis process, properties, and yields of products. These generally include the biomass source, biomass pretreatment (physical, chemical, and biological), the catalyst, the reaction atmosphere, temperature, the heating rate, and the pressure and vapor residence time. The study also shows how various types of reactors affect the bio-oil yield in the presence of a catalyst.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aroma is an important factor affecting the rice quality. However, the breeding strategies for improving aroma, the molecular basis of the aroma formation, and aroma-related genes are yet to be investigated. In this study, microarray analysis was performed followed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis for discovering the differentially expressed genes in the bulks of an aromatic and a nonaromatic recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from a cross between a basmati rice variety, Pusa 1121, and a nonaromatic rice variety, Pusa 1342. GO enrichment analysis categorized a total of 2577 differentially expressed genes into 24 functional groups. The metabolic process was the most highly overrepresented category enriched by the differentially expressed genes. One of the most paramount minor subcategories in the metabolic process category was “cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (GO: 0006725)” with 21 genes that may serve as novel candidates for genes involved in aroma formation. According to the network analysis, six downregulated genes, as well as two upregulated genes, were identified as critical in the PPI network. These results will provide a perspective for unveiling the key components of the mechanisms behind the aroma formation in rice and give the required information on client-oriented breeding.
{"title":"Identification of candidate genes related to aroma in rice by analyzing the microarray data of highly aromatic and nonaromatic recombinant inbred line bulks","authors":"Z. Zinati, Azar Delavari","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87582","url":null,"abstract":"Aroma is an important factor affecting the rice quality. However, the breeding strategies for improving aroma, the molecular basis of the aroma formation, and aroma-related genes are yet to be investigated. In this study, microarray analysis was performed followed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis for discovering the differentially expressed genes in the bulks of an aromatic and a nonaromatic recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from a cross between a basmati rice variety, Pusa 1121, and a nonaromatic rice variety, Pusa 1342. GO enrichment analysis categorized a total of 2577 differentially expressed genes into 24 functional groups. The metabolic process was the most highly overrepresented category enriched by the differentially expressed genes. One of the most paramount minor subcategories in the metabolic process category was “cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (GO: 0006725)” with 21 genes that may serve as novel candidates for genes involved in aroma formation. According to the network analysis, six downregulated genes, as well as two upregulated genes, were identified as critical in the PPI network. These results will provide a perspective for unveiling the key components of the mechanisms behind the aroma formation in rice and give the required information on client-oriented breeding.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm ) is known to infect the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum ) and causing the disease known as cotton bacterial blight. While resistant plants show a hypersensitive reaction, susceptible plants suffer from water-soaking spots before death. In this study, we attempted to control the infected susceptible Gossypium hirsutum by spraying the cotyledons with exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from the same virulent race of Xcm that infected the plants. Our studies confirmed that EPS succeeded as an elicitor in decreasing bacterial populations in the susceptible G. hirsutum variety (-28 times compared to water-treated plants). Moreover, Gossypium treatment with this elicitor stimulated some defence in plants. We detected a significant increase in total peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; however, no gene expression for G. hirsutum Fe-superoxide dismutase (GhFeSOD) was detected under the treatment conditions. Moreover, there was an increase in the gene expression of lipoxygenase (GhLOX1 ). In conclusion, in this study, we observed an increase in expression of the GhLOX1 gene, decrease in bacterial populations and a stimulation of POD activity after EPS treatment. The results confirmed that EPS treatment may stimulate certain defence responses against Xcm in susceptible Gossypium hirsutum plants.
{"title":"Exopolysaccharides from Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum induce resistance in cotton against bacterial blight","authors":"Rabab Keshkeih, M. Abu-Ghorrah, A. Jalloul","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.85317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.85317","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm ) is known to infect the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum ) and causing the disease known as cotton bacterial blight. While resistant plants show a hypersensitive reaction, susceptible plants suffer from water-soaking spots before death. In this study, we attempted to control the infected susceptible Gossypium hirsutum by spraying the cotyledons with exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from the same virulent race of Xcm that infected the plants. Our studies confirmed that EPS succeeded as an elicitor in decreasing bacterial populations in the susceptible G. hirsutum variety (-28 times compared to water-treated plants). Moreover, Gossypium treatment with this elicitor stimulated some defence in plants. We detected a significant increase in total peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; however, no gene expression for G. hirsutum Fe-superoxide dismutase (GhFeSOD) was detected under the treatment conditions. Moreover, there was an increase in the gene expression of lipoxygenase (GhLOX1 ). In conclusion, in this study, we observed an increase in expression of the GhLOX1 gene, decrease in bacterial populations and a stimulation of POD activity after EPS treatment. The results confirmed that EPS treatment may stimulate certain defence responses against Xcm in susceptible Gossypium hirsutum plants.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong Kiun, Tania Amelia, Kai-Hee Huong, A. Amirul, K. Bhubalan
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a microbial storage polymer that is naturally produced by certain bacteria. This is the first study on the ability of this particular species Massilia haematophila to synthesize a PHA copolymer containing 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomer. Using the statistical design on Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2, this study highlights the optimization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB-co-3HV), copolymer production for shaken-flask cultivation. Moreover, the mechanical and thermal features of the polymers were determined. The production of P(3HB-co-3HV) by Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2 using optimal conditions provided by response surface methodology (RSM) yielded 5.0 g/l of P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HV), which was higher than the value obtained from unoptimized conditions such as 4.40 g/l of P(3HB-co-4mol% 3HV). This result showed a 14% increase in copolymer concentration and a two-fold increase in 3HV composition. In this study, the P(3HB-co-3HV) synthesized was determined as a block copolymer and its thermal properties were better than P(3HB). Using RSM, the optimization conditions were successfully obtained for this bacterium, and this result is a starting platform for additional studies of a larger scaled PHA production from Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2 using bioreactors.
{"title":"Optimizing the biosynthesis of renewable polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer containing 3-hydroxyvalerate by Massilia haematophila using statistical modeling","authors":"Jong Kiun, Tania Amelia, Kai-Hee Huong, A. Amirul, K. Bhubalan","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.90237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.90237","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a microbial storage polymer that is naturally produced by certain bacteria. This is the first study on the ability of this particular species Massilia haematophila to synthesize a PHA copolymer containing 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomer. Using the statistical design on Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2, this study highlights the optimization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB-co-3HV), copolymer production for shaken-flask cultivation. Moreover, the mechanical and thermal features of the polymers were determined. The production of P(3HB-co-3HV) by Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2 using optimal conditions provided by response surface methodology (RSM) yielded 5.0 g/l of P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HV), which was higher than the value obtained from unoptimized conditions such as 4.40 g/l of P(3HB-co-4mol% 3HV). This result showed a 14% increase in copolymer concentration and a two-fold increase in 3HV composition. In this study, the P(3HB-co-3HV) synthesized was determined as a block copolymer and its thermal properties were better than P(3HB). Using RSM, the optimization conditions were successfully obtained for this bacterium, and this result is a starting platform for additional studies of a larger scaled PHA production from Massilia haematophila UMTKB-2 using bioreactors.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, established embryogenic cell suspensions of three gentian species, Gentiana cruciata L., Gentiana kurroo Royle, and Gentiana lutea L., cultured in the presence of two media CMS1 and CMS2, were used to determine the effect of L-glutamine on the efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The presence of 1 g @ l glutamine in the co-cultivation medium and a 48-hr co-cultivation period were found to be optimal for all the cultures investigated. In order to regenerate plants in the post-transformation culture, approximately 100 mg of cell aggregates was plated as a single layer on RM1 and RM2 media. Timentin was used in posttransformation cultures for preventing bacterial contamination and enhancing cell viability. The transformants were selected in the presence of 50 mg @ l kanamycin. Transformation was later confirmed by histochemical analysis of the activity of reporter enzyme (β-glucuronidase) and by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of uidA and nptII genes. Five lines of embryogenic cell suspension cultures of the studied species were selected and grown in the presence of 50 mg @ l kanamycin. Finally, 23 embryos were regenerated, of which only 11 converted into T0 transformants of G. cruciata. These transformants continued to grow in the presence of kanamycin. A solid, dark blue coloration of their leaves confirmed stable integration and expression of the uidA gene. The molecular analysis of T0 plants revealed the absence of bacterial contamination. Thus, the short list of plant species that can be transformed by A. tumefaciens with the help of an embryogenic cell suspension is extended by the three species investigated in this study.
本研究以三种龙胆，十字型龙胆、黑龙胆和黄龙胆为胚性细胞悬液，在CMS1和CMS2两种培养基中培养，测定了L-谷氨酰胺对农杆菌介导的转化效率的影响。在共培养培养基中加入1 g @ 1谷氨酰胺，共培养时间为48小时，对所有被调查的培养都是最佳的。为了在转化后培养中使植株再生，将大约100 mg的细胞聚集体单层镀在RM1和RM2培养基上。Timentin用于转化后培养，以防止细菌污染和提高细胞活力。在50mg @ l卡那霉素存在下选择转化子。随后通过报告酶(β-葡萄糖醛酸酶)活性的组织化学分析和检测uidA和nptII基因的聚合酶链反应证实了转化。选择5株所研究物种的胚性细胞悬浮培养，并在50mg @ l卡那霉素的存在下进行培养。最后，23个胚获得再生，其中只有11个转化为十字花菊的T0型转化体。这些转化体在卡那霉素存在下继续生长。它们的叶子呈深蓝色，证实了uidA基因的稳定整合和表达。分子分析结果显示，0株植物未受细菌污染。因此，本研究中研究的三种植物扩大了可以通过胚性细胞悬浮液转化的植物物种名单。
{"title":"The effect of L-glutamine on the genetic transformation of embryogenic cell suspensions of gentian species (Gentiana lutea L., Gentiana cruciata L., and Gentiana kurroo Royle) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens","authors":"J. Rybczyński, A. Wójcik","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2019.83207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2019.83207","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, established embryogenic cell suspensions of three gentian species, Gentiana cruciata L., Gentiana kurroo Royle, and Gentiana lutea L., cultured in the presence of two media CMS1 and CMS2, were used to determine the effect of L-glutamine on the efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The presence of 1 g @ l glutamine in the co-cultivation medium and a 48-hr co-cultivation period were found to be optimal for all the cultures investigated. In order to regenerate plants in the post-transformation culture, approximately 100 mg of cell aggregates was plated as a single layer on RM1 and RM2 media. Timentin was used in posttransformation cultures for preventing bacterial contamination and enhancing cell viability. The transformants were selected in the presence of 50 mg @ l kanamycin. Transformation was later confirmed by histochemical analysis of the activity of reporter enzyme (β-glucuronidase) and by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of uidA and nptII genes. Five lines of embryogenic cell suspension cultures of the studied species were selected and grown in the presence of 50 mg @ l kanamycin. Finally, 23 embryos were regenerated, of which only 11 converted into T0 transformants of G. cruciata. These transformants continued to grow in the presence of kanamycin. A solid, dark blue coloration of their leaves confirmed stable integration and expression of the uidA gene. The molecular analysis of T0 plants revealed the absence of bacterial contamination. Thus, the short list of plant species that can be transformed by A. tumefaciens with the help of an embryogenic cell suspension is extended by the three species investigated in this study.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71065838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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