C. Hoang, Zhi-Wei Yang, Meng-Yuan Huang, K. Lin, Chi-Ming Yang, M. Nguyen
Vermicomposting of organic waste plays an important role in integrated waste management and sustainable agricultural development. This study aimed at investigating the transformation of nutrients and heavy metals during vermicomposting of fermented sawdust substrate using the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma subsp. tunobosonis. By the end of vermicomposting, the substrate was significantly modified, with increase in pH and decrease in both organic matter and electrical conductivity. Potassium oxide (K2O5) content was found to have significantly increased, whereas no significant difference in the quantities of other nutrients (N, P2O5, CaO and MgO) was observed between the substrate and vermicompost. In addition, Cd content significantly decreased compared to other heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Pd) during vermicomposting. These findings suggest that the produced vermicompost, with low concentrations of heavy metals, may be a suitable potting medium for plant growth.
{"title":"Changes in nutrient and heavy metal content levels of sawdust due to vermicomposting by Allomyrina dichotoma subsp. tunobosonis","authors":"C. Hoang, Zhi-Wei Yang, Meng-Yuan Huang, K. Lin, Chi-Ming Yang, M. Nguyen","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2019.85318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2019.85318","url":null,"abstract":"Vermicomposting of organic waste plays an important role in integrated waste management and sustainable agricultural development. This study aimed at investigating the transformation of nutrients and heavy metals during vermicomposting of fermented sawdust substrate using the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma subsp. tunobosonis. By the end of vermicomposting, the substrate was significantly modified, with increase in pH and decrease in both organic matter and electrical conductivity. Potassium oxide (K2O5) content was found to have significantly increased, whereas no significant difference in the quantities of other nutrients (N, P2O5, CaO and MgO) was observed between the substrate and vermicompost. In addition, Cd content significantly decreased compared to other heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Pd) during vermicomposting. These findings suggest that the produced vermicompost, with low concentrations of heavy metals, may be a suitable potting medium for plant growth.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link has various beneficial biological properties. However, the extraction of cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris is difficult with minimal output. This study is aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions in order to maximize the cordycepic acid content. In the present study, cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris was extracted using different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, or distilled water). Among the solvents tested, ethanol was identified as the most efficient solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest cordycepic acid content. Response surface methodology was subsequently employed to optimize the extraction conditions and establish a reliable mathematical model for prediction. A maximum cordycepic acid content of 40.23 mg/g was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 26.4%, an extraction time of 69.8 min, and a ratio of ethanol to sample of 23.4 : 1 ml/g. This study suggests that the obtained extraction conditions are the most effective for the extraction of cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris.
{"title":"Extraction of cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (L.)","authors":"Tuong-Ha Do, H. Nguyen","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87581","url":null,"abstract":"Cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link has various beneficial biological properties. However, the extraction of cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris is difficult with minimal output. This study is aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions in order to maximize the cordycepic acid content. In the present study, cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris was extracted using different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, or distilled water). Among the solvents tested, ethanol was identified as the most efficient solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest cordycepic acid content. Response surface methodology was subsequently employed to optimize the extraction conditions and establish a reliable mathematical model for prediction. A maximum cordycepic acid content of 40.23 mg/g was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 26.4%, an extraction time of 69.8 min, and a ratio of ethanol to sample of 23.4 : 1 ml/g. This study suggests that the obtained extraction conditions are the most effective for the extraction of cordycepic acid from the fruiting body of C. militaris.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak, Katarzyna Lubiak, Magdalena Klimek-Ochab, P. Majewska, E. Żymańczyk-Duda
Compounds of plant origin showing antioxidative activity are important due to their ability to decrease oxidative stress. They also protect against the harmful effects of the free radicals formed as by-products of some metabolic pathways or as external factors. This supports the application of these compounds (e.g., vitamin C) as additives of food, pharmaceuticals (vitamin E, curcumin, etc.), and cosmetics (e.g., ellagic acid). Natural antioxidants are mainly isolated from plant sources, but besides these, novel, effective, and “green” methods of obtaining antioxidative compounds are being investigated. One of the natural antioxidants is resveratrol belonging to the stilbene polyphenol family. It occurs naturally in grape, and is produced by cells in response to fungal infections or a potential stress factor (e.g., tissue damage). The beneficial effect of resveratrol is based on the inhibition of lipid oxidation and cardioprotective properties. The biocatalyzed synthesis of O -methylated derivatives of resveratrol is especially interesting from the point of view of their possible applications as anticancer agents. The fungal species Phanerochaete chrysosporium is known for its ability to produce methyltransferases, and therefore used as a biocatalyst in resveratrol modifications. Increased production of methyltransferase was stimulated in the strain by changing the conditions of both its cultivation and biotransformation. However, such an approach resulted in the conversion of resveratrol into 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, indicating a partial degradation of the substrate.
{"title":"Biomodifications of resveratrol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium","authors":"Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak, Katarzyna Lubiak, Magdalena Klimek-Ochab, P. Majewska, E. Żymańczyk-Duda","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87583","url":null,"abstract":"Compounds of plant origin showing antioxidative activity are important due to their ability to decrease oxidative stress. They also protect against the harmful effects of the free radicals formed as by-products of some metabolic pathways or as external factors. This supports the application of these compounds (e.g., vitamin C) as additives of food, pharmaceuticals (vitamin E, curcumin, etc.), and cosmetics (e.g., ellagic acid). Natural antioxidants are mainly isolated from plant sources, but besides these, novel, effective, and “green” methods of obtaining antioxidative compounds are being investigated. One of the natural antioxidants is resveratrol belonging to the stilbene polyphenol family. It occurs naturally in grape, and is produced by cells in response to fungal infections or a potential stress factor (e.g., tissue damage). The beneficial effect of resveratrol is based on the inhibition of lipid oxidation and cardioprotective properties. The biocatalyzed synthesis of O -methylated derivatives of resveratrol is especially interesting from the point of view of their possible applications as anticancer agents. The fungal species Phanerochaete chrysosporium is known for its ability to produce methyltransferases, and therefore used as a biocatalyst in resveratrol modifications. Increased production of methyltransferase was stimulated in the strain by changing the conditions of both its cultivation and biotransformation. However, such an approach resulted in the conversion of resveratrol into 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, indicating a partial degradation of the substrate.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. García, Y. Rangel-Basto, A. Barajas-Solano, Yaneth Muñoz-Peñalosa, N. Urbina-Suarez
Microalgae have been studied in recent years for various reasons, one among them being their potential in the production of biofuels. Biofuels are considered as a renewable source that does not compete with the food industry, and their production results in a reduced environmental footprint. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different culture conditions that influence the productivity of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus as a potential source for the production of biodiesel. Bold, Bristol, and modified Algal Assay Procedure (AAP) culture media were evaluated to determine which of them can provide the best conditions that favor biomass production and lipid deposition. The results indicated that S. obliquus cultivated in Bold medium exhibited a higher production of biomass after 30 days (1.730 g/l), while C. vulgaris showed a higher production in the modified AAP medium (1.880 g/l). Although the cultures grown in the AAP medium showed a more significant percentage of biomass comprising lipids than those in the other two media, between the two microalgae, the highest final lipid production was obtained by growing S. obliquus in Bold medium (0.685 g/l, 39.60% of biomass). N, P, Fe, and Mo were the elements added to the growth media, and depending on their concentration in the media, there were differences in the production of lipids. Thus, it can be concluded that S. obliquus cultivated in Bold medium has the highest potential in the production of lipids for biodiesel, but it is necessary to further optimize the cultivation of biomass to obtain a greater quantity of lipids, while interfering as little as possible in its synthesis capacity.
{"title":"Towards the production of microalgae biofuels: the effect of the culture medium on lipid deposition","authors":"D. García, Y. Rangel-Basto, A. Barajas-Solano, Yaneth Muñoz-Peñalosa, N. Urbina-Suarez","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87578","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have been studied in recent years for various reasons, one among them being their potential in the production of biofuels. Biofuels are considered as a renewable source that does not compete with the food industry, and their production results in a reduced environmental footprint. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different culture conditions that influence the productivity of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus as a potential source for the production of biodiesel. Bold, Bristol, and modified Algal Assay Procedure (AAP) culture media were evaluated to determine which of them can provide the best conditions that favor biomass production and lipid deposition. The results indicated that S. obliquus cultivated in Bold medium exhibited a higher production of biomass after 30 days (1.730 g/l), while C. vulgaris showed a higher production in the modified AAP medium (1.880 g/l). Although the cultures grown in the AAP medium showed a more significant percentage of biomass comprising lipids than those in the other two media, between the two microalgae, the highest final lipid production was obtained by growing S. obliquus in Bold medium (0.685 g/l, 39.60% of biomass). N, P, Fe, and Mo were the elements added to the growth media, and depending on their concentration in the media, there were differences in the production of lipids. Thus, it can be concluded that S. obliquus cultivated in Bold medium has the highest potential in the production of lipids for biodiesel, but it is necessary to further optimize the cultivation of biomass to obtain a greater quantity of lipids, while interfering as little as possible in its synthesis capacity.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mageed, Nermeen Zakaria Abuel Ezz, Rasha R Radwan
Enzymes are versatile catalysts for numerous industrial biocatalytic processes. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a carrier free immobilization approach has drawn much attention being simple, cost efficient, capable of preserving high catalytic efficiency and improve enzyme reusability. The aim of this study was to develop a reusable, thermally and operationally stable trypsin CLEAs through co-aggregation with chitosan (CHS). Physicochemical characterization of the prepared CLEAs, including pH and temperature optimum, kinetic parameters, and operational and thermal stability in the absence (CLEA-T), and presence (CLEA-T-CHS) of CHS was carried out. CLEA-T-CHS and CLEA-T were prepared under mild conditions and cross linked using glutaraldehyde with 92% and 31% residual activity, respectively. Immobilized trypsin showed improved pH stability at alkaline pH. At 70EC the immobilized enzyme had 62% residual activity while the free enzyme lost 91% of its initial activity. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax ) of the immobilized trypsin marginally increased, leading to a decreased catalytic efficiency. Operational and thermal stability were highly improved for CLEA-T-CHS; the half-life (t1/2) of free trypsin and CLEA-T-CHS were 15 min and 65 min, respectively. Storage stability was highly improved; CLEAT-CHS and the free enzyme had 82% and 21% residual activity, respectively, after storage for 4 weeks. CLEA-TCHS retained 64% residual activity after five consecutive hydrolytic cycles, thus reinforcing its robust potentials. In this study, we successfully prepared a thermally stable and highly active immobilized trypsin through crosslinking in the presence of CHS. Results suggest that CLEA-T-CHS has great potential for industrial applications, including re-use in protein digestion.
{"title":"Bio-inspired trypsin-chitosan cross-linked enzyme aggregates: a versatile approach for stabilization through carrier-free immobilization","authors":"H. Mageed, Nermeen Zakaria Abuel Ezz, Rasha R Radwan","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.87589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.87589","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are versatile catalysts for numerous industrial biocatalytic processes. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a carrier free immobilization approach has drawn much attention being simple, cost efficient, capable of preserving high catalytic efficiency and improve enzyme reusability. The aim of this study was to develop a reusable, thermally and operationally stable trypsin CLEAs through co-aggregation with chitosan (CHS). Physicochemical characterization of the prepared CLEAs, including pH and temperature optimum, kinetic parameters, and operational and thermal stability in the absence (CLEA-T), and presence (CLEA-T-CHS) of CHS was carried out. CLEA-T-CHS and CLEA-T were prepared under mild conditions and cross linked using glutaraldehyde with 92% and 31% residual activity, respectively. Immobilized trypsin showed improved pH stability at alkaline pH. At 70EC the immobilized enzyme had 62% residual activity while the free enzyme lost 91% of its initial activity. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax ) of the immobilized trypsin marginally increased, leading to a decreased catalytic efficiency. Operational and thermal stability were highly improved for CLEA-T-CHS; the half-life (t1/2) of free trypsin and CLEA-T-CHS were 15 min and 65 min, respectively. Storage stability was highly improved; CLEAT-CHS and the free enzyme had 82% and 21% residual activity, respectively, after storage for 4 weeks. CLEA-TCHS retained 64% residual activity after five consecutive hydrolytic cycles, thus reinforcing its robust potentials. In this study, we successfully prepared a thermally stable and highly active immobilized trypsin through crosslinking in the presence of CHS. Results suggest that CLEA-T-CHS has great potential for industrial applications, including re-use in protein digestion.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the ever-increasing resistance of pathogens to various antibiotics, it has become critically important to find novel biocompatible antibacterial agents. This research focuses on the optimization of the biological synthesis of levan biopolymer using the Taguchi method in order to produce levan-ZnO nanocomposite. Attempts have been made to synthesize this nanocomposite to improve the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Optimization of growth conditions led to the improved levan-producing capabilities of the Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 strain (57 g/l). Molten salt and in situ methods were applied for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and levan-ZnO nanocomposite, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of levan biopolymer, ZnO nanoparticles, and levan-ZnO nanocomposite. Antibacterial analysis showed that the formation of nanocomposite improved the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. The present study has demonstrated that levan-ZnO nanocomposite characterized by the capability to destroy Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms might be utilized as an antibacterial agent in the medical, pharmaceutical, dentistry, and food industries.
{"title":"Optimal conditions for levan biopolymer production and its use in the synthesis of bactericidal levan-ZnO nanocomposite","authors":"M. Taran, M. Lotfi, M. Safaei","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.90240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.90240","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-increasing resistance of pathogens to various antibiotics, it has become critically important to find novel biocompatible antibacterial agents. This research focuses on the optimization of the biological synthesis of levan biopolymer using the Taguchi method in order to produce levan-ZnO nanocomposite. Attempts have been made to synthesize this nanocomposite to improve the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Optimization of growth conditions led to the improved levan-producing capabilities of the Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 strain (57 g/l). Molten salt and in situ methods were applied for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and levan-ZnO nanocomposite, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of levan biopolymer, ZnO nanoparticles, and levan-ZnO nanocomposite. Antibacterial analysis showed that the formation of nanocomposite improved the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. The present study has demonstrated that levan-ZnO nanocomposite characterized by the capability to destroy Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms might be utilized as an antibacterial agent in the medical, pharmaceutical, dentistry, and food industries.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Licoisoflavone B, licochalcone A, and liquirtigenin are important flavonoids found in the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra and are known for their preventive and therapeutic potential against cancer. Extraction of these flavonoids in commercially viable quantities is a challenging task. Therefore, an attempt has been made to elicit the production of these flavonoids in tissue cultures of G. glabra. We investigated the effect of the biotic elicitor yeast extract (YE) on the production of three flavonoids in G. glabra callus cultures grown in a previously standardized nutrient medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog’s medium components supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid and benzyl amino purine. The YE elicitor was tested in the concentration range of 25–175 mg/l. At each elicitor concentration, a time-course analysis was also performed to determine the effect of the duration of YE treatment on flavonoid production. The effect of YE on the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), antioxidant enzymes, polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) was also observed. The results revealed that 75 mg/l concentration of YE was most suitable for elicitation of biosynthesis of flavonoids in G. glabra cultures and more than a 2-fold increase in the production of all the three flavonoids was obtained. The activities of the enzymes, PAL, PPO, and POD, also increased significantly, suggesting that the stress response was elicited by YE. These results provide evidence of activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and regulation of its key enzymes by YE, eventually leading to enhanced production of anti-cancerous flavonoids licoisoflavone B, licochalcone A, and liquirtigenin.
{"title":"Yeast extract-mediated elicitation of anti-cancerous compounds licoisoflavone B, licochalcone A, and liquirtigenin in callus cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra","authors":"U. Vijayalakshmi, Abhilasha Shourie","doi":"10.5114/bta.2019.90245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2019.90245","url":null,"abstract":"Licoisoflavone B, licochalcone A, and liquirtigenin are important flavonoids found in the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra and are known for their preventive and therapeutic potential against cancer. Extraction of these flavonoids in commercially viable quantities is a challenging task. Therefore, an attempt has been made to elicit the production of these flavonoids in tissue cultures of G. glabra. We investigated the effect of the biotic elicitor yeast extract (YE) on the production of three flavonoids in G. glabra callus cultures grown in a previously standardized nutrient medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog’s medium components supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid and benzyl amino purine. The YE elicitor was tested in the concentration range of 25–175 mg/l. At each elicitor concentration, a time-course analysis was also performed to determine the effect of the duration of YE treatment on flavonoid production. The effect of YE on the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), antioxidant enzymes, polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) was also observed. The results revealed that 75 mg/l concentration of YE was most suitable for elicitation of biosynthesis of flavonoids in G. glabra cultures and more than a 2-fold increase in the production of all the three flavonoids was obtained. The activities of the enzymes, PAL, PPO, and POD, also increased significantly, suggesting that the stress response was elicited by YE. These results provide evidence of activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and regulation of its key enzymes by YE, eventually leading to enhanced production of anti-cancerous flavonoids licoisoflavone B, licochalcone A, and liquirtigenin.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Farhadian, Seyed Abbas Rafat, K. Hasanpur, E. Ebrahimie
Lactation plays the crucial role in mammals’ life. Uncovering the transcriptome signature of lactation process helps to understand the molecular basis of milk production. To identify the genes that express differentially between early and late lactation, publicly available microarray transcriptomic datasets of dairy cattle were investigated and the array results were validated by a next-generation sequencing dataset (RNA-Seq data from sheep). Limma and edgeR packages were used for the analysis of the microarray and RNA-Seq datasets, respectively. Five common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely glutathione s-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3 ), EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1(EFEMP1 ), fibulin 1(FBLN1 ), gelsolin (GSN ), and fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2 ), were identified. The involvement of EFEMP1 in the lactation process has been reported for the first time. The identified DEGs are involved in the development of the immune system and cell differentiation of the mammary gland. A gene ontology network analysis revealed the key role of the GSN gene in the regulation of two important functions of actin nucleation and barbed-end actin filament capping. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the function of calcium ion binding is statistically (P < 0.05) enriched by the identified transcriptomic signature. The approach presented in this study provides an integrative framework for finding the signature of the lactation process by utilizing global transcriptome data, gene ontology (GO) regulatory network, and enrichment analysis.
{"title":"Transcriptome signature of the lactation process, identified by meta-analysis of microarray and RNA-Seq data","authors":"M. Farhadian, Seyed Abbas Rafat, K. Hasanpur, E. Ebrahimie","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2018.75659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2018.75659","url":null,"abstract":"Lactation plays the crucial role in mammals’ life. Uncovering the transcriptome signature of lactation process helps to understand the molecular basis of milk production. To identify the genes that express differentially between early and late lactation, publicly available microarray transcriptomic datasets of dairy cattle were investigated and the array results were validated by a next-generation sequencing dataset (RNA-Seq data from sheep). Limma and edgeR packages were used for the analysis of the microarray and RNA-Seq datasets, respectively. Five common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely glutathione s-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3 ), EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1(EFEMP1 ), fibulin 1(FBLN1 ), gelsolin (GSN ), and fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2 ), were identified. The involvement of EFEMP1 in the lactation process has been reported for the first time. The identified DEGs are involved in the development of the immune system and cell differentiation of the mammary gland. A gene ontology network analysis revealed the key role of the GSN gene in the regulation of two important functions of actin nucleation and barbed-end actin filament capping. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the function of calcium ion binding is statistically (P < 0.05) enriched by the identified transcriptomic signature. The approach presented in this study provides an integrative framework for finding the signature of the lactation process by utilizing global transcriptome data, gene ontology (GO) regulatory network, and enrichment analysis.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82064548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apinun Kanpiengjai, Rapeepun Mahawan, Prodpran Pengnoi, S. Lumyong, C. Khanongnuch
Red yeast rice (RYR), which is fermented by Monascus purpureus CMU002U, contains high amounts of monacolin K – a secondary metabolite with health benefits that has consequently gained interest in research. Although monacolin K is recognized as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent, citrinin is a toxic substance that is simultaneously synthesized during RYR fermentation. An X-ray mutagenesis of M. purpureus CMU002U was conducted to achieve a lower-citrinin-producing strain with an improvement of monacolin K to citrinin (M/C) ratio. Among the selected mutants, CMU002UXX-32-44 was the strain having the most potential with regard to the lowest level of citrinin production capability, along with an improved M/C ratio (from 1460 to 1790 when compared with the parental strain). Furthermore, the medium and conditions for RYR fermentation using glutinous rice as the substrate were statistically optimized. The Plackett and Burman design revealed that moisture content and incubation time were the most significant factors enhancing monacolin K production, besides the addition of alternative mineral and nitrogen sources. After the application of a response surface methodology, the maximum monacolin K concentration of 6428 mg/kg was predicted and successfully produced with 90% validation when the moisture content and incubation time were set to 75% and 38 days, respectively – leading to a 5.1-fold increase in monacolin K. Under these conditions, RYR was contaminated with citrinin levels acceptable to the international standards for citrinin in food supplements, whereas the M/C ratio was improved to 3990. Therefore, this mutant displayed a strong potential for use at the industrial scale.
{"title":"Improving the monacolin K to citrinin production ratio in red yeast rice by an X-ray-induced mutant strain of Monascus purpureus","authors":"Apinun Kanpiengjai, Rapeepun Mahawan, Prodpran Pengnoi, S. Lumyong, C. Khanongnuch","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2018.75654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2018.75654","url":null,"abstract":"Red yeast rice (RYR), which is fermented by Monascus purpureus CMU002U, contains high amounts of monacolin K – a secondary metabolite with health benefits that has consequently gained interest in research. Although monacolin K is recognized as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent, citrinin is a toxic substance that is simultaneously synthesized during RYR fermentation. An X-ray mutagenesis of M. purpureus CMU002U was conducted to achieve a lower-citrinin-producing strain with an improvement of monacolin K to citrinin (M/C) ratio. Among the selected mutants, CMU002UXX-32-44 was the strain having the most potential with regard to the lowest level of citrinin production capability, along with an improved M/C ratio (from 1460 to 1790 when compared with the parental strain). Furthermore, the medium and conditions for RYR fermentation using glutinous rice as the substrate were statistically optimized. The Plackett and Burman design revealed that moisture content and incubation time were the most significant factors enhancing monacolin K production, besides the addition of alternative mineral and nitrogen sources. After the application of a response surface methodology, the maximum monacolin K concentration of 6428 mg/kg was predicted and successfully produced with 90% validation when the moisture content and incubation time were set to 75% and 38 days, respectively – leading to a 5.1-fold increase in monacolin K. Under these conditions, RYR was contaminated with citrinin levels acceptable to the international standards for citrinin in food supplements, whereas the M/C ratio was improved to 3990. Therefore, this mutant displayed a strong potential for use at the industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aghajanyan, A. A. Vardanyan, A. Hovsepyan, A. Hambardzumyan, V. Filipenia, A. Saghyan
The dependence was studied of the biosynthesis of melanin on the medium pH, the intensity of aeration and the method of regulation of the levels of these parameters during the fermentation process. Based on the obtained results, a technology was developed for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis melanin. Optimization of the pH of the growth medium and mass-transfer coefficient regulation resulted in a rise in the melanin yield up to 13 g/l and a 20-22% increase in the efficiency of the process. The highest yield in fermentation was observed at pH 8.8-9.0. The optimal technological parameters were determined for the sorption of melanin on the ionic sorbent and its elution from the sorbent. The yield of melanin from the culture liquid at the stage of isolation and purification after drying was 78.4%. Relative intensities were determined of the EPR signal of melanin dissolved in water, depending on the dilution factor and pH, as well as the electrical conductivity of melanin.
{"title":"Development of technology for obtaining water-soluble bacterial melanin and determination of some of pigment properties","authors":"A. Aghajanyan, A. A. Vardanyan, A. Hovsepyan, A. Hambardzumyan, V. Filipenia, A. Saghyan","doi":"10.5114/BTA.2017.72292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/BTA.2017.72292","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence was studied of the biosynthesis of melanin on the medium pH, the intensity of aeration and the method of regulation of the levels of these parameters during the fermentation process. Based on the obtained results, a technology was developed for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis melanin. Optimization of the pH of the growth medium and mass-transfer coefficient regulation resulted in a rise in the melanin yield up to 13 g/l and a 20-22% increase in the efficiency of the process. The highest yield in fermentation was observed at pH 8.8-9.0. The optimal technological parameters were determined for the sorption of melanin on the ionic sorbent and its elution from the sorbent. The yield of melanin from the culture liquid at the stage of isolation and purification after drying was 78.4%. Relative intensities were determined of the EPR signal of melanin dissolved in water, depending on the dilution factor and pH, as well as the electrical conductivity of melanin.","PeriodicalId":8999,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87541777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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