BioMed Research International最新文献

Background: Patients with chronic medical and mental illnesses are more vulnerable to poor sleep quality. However, there is little aggregated evidence about poor sleep quality among this population and its determinants in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of sleep quality and its determinants among patients with chronic diseases in Ethiopia.

Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to write this review. Primary articles were retrieved from PubMed, PsycINFO, Hinari, ScienceDirect, African Journal Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar databases. A random-effects model was applied for analysis. I ², Cochran's, and tau² were checked to determine the degree of heterogeneity between the included studies. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were conducted to check publication bias.

Results: The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among patients with chronic medical and mental illnesses was 53.12% (95% CI: 47.66, 58.58). Eight factors were associated with poor sleep quality: advanced age (POR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07), female sex (POR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.21, 3.93), social support (POR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.61), substance use (POR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.04), anxiety symptoms (POR = 2.92, 95% CI: 2.40, 3.56), comorbidity (POR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.83, 3.33), sleep hygiene practice (POR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.02, 4.04), and depression symptoms (POR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.96, 4.69).

Conclusion and recommendation: More than half of patients with chronic diseases experienced poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was connected with advanced age, female sex, substance use, having comorbidity, inadequate social support and sleep hygiene practices, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Substance use should be restricted, and patients with chronic mental and medical illnesses should be counseled to avoid substance use. Moreover, special focus should be given to female patients, patients with other comorbid conditions, elderly individuals, and those who have poor sleep hygiene and social support. Lastly, patients with chronic medical and mental illnesses should be screened for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Objective: Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. Among the pathogens responsible, bacteria of the Klebsiella spp. are the second most frequently isolated uropathogenic agents worldwide. These bacteria are constantly evolving, both epidemiologically and in terms of the development of antimicrobial resistance. In Central Africa, available data on the spread of Klebsiella spp. are mainly derived from isolated studies, making it difficult to obtain an overview of their epidemiology in the subregion. Consequently, these systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of urinary tract infections in Central Africa and to describe the epidemiology of the Klebsiella spp. strains responsible for these infections.

Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The study selection process was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA flowchart recommendations. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used to summarize data on urinary tract infections. Prevalence was determined and visualized using a forest plot with R software Version 4.4.1. Also, finally, geographical mapping of the data distribution was carried out using QGIS software (Version 3.34.15-Prizren).

Result: Out of all the articles retrieved, 34 studies were deemed eligible for this analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of urinary tract infections in Central Africa was estimated at 28% (95% IC: 28, 29). The overall isolation rate of Klebsiella spp. responsible for urinary tract infections was 12% (95% IC: 11, 12). Analysis of the distribution of Klebsiella spp. isolation rates in urinary tract infections across Central Africa revealed variability by country, ranging from 10% to 25%. The species Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated, present in 96.15% of the studies. Furthermore, Klebsiella spp. strains responsible for urinary tract infections were predominantly identified in females, with an overall isolation rate of 82.23%, compared to 17.77% in males.

Celiac disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two disorders that share common features, such as similar symptoms and autoimmune involvement. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis remain unclear. An in silico systems biology approach was performed to analyze the RNA-seq (GSE146190 and GSE166869) and microarray data (GSE164883 and GSE63379) of both diseases. Gene ontology was first identified, followed by transcriptional factors and miRNAs that regulate the mutual genes by Enrichr platform. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction network of the shared genes was constructed, and the hub genes were identified using Network Analyst and Cytoscape. Finally, the tertiary structure of the most significant hub gene product was downloaded and screened against approved drugs using DrupRep server for drug repurposing. Four hundred thirty-nine shared genes between CD and IBS were revealed, which were mainly involved in response to stimulus, proliferation regulation, metabolism of small molecules, and apoptosis. RARG, NFE2L2, VDR, NCOA1, and RXRA were the top five transcription factors that regulated these genes, whereas hsa-miR-4632-3p, hsa-miR-598-5p, hsa-miR-7108-3p, and hsa-miR-29b-3p were the top five miRNAs. SRC, STAT1, CCNB1, CDK1, CD44, RRM2, ERBB2, BUB1B, KIF11, and TOP2A were ranked as the Top 10 hub genes by the PPI network analysis. Temoporfin, rimegepant, and eltrombopag were suggested as the top three lead candidates by the virtual screening against SRC with binding affinities of -11.1, 10.9, and -10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These drugs are potential SRC inhibitors that warrant further experimental validation. Novel insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms of CD and IBS and new therapeutic avenues for these disorders were provided by this study.

Background: Anthrax, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, exerts considerable health consequences in resource-limited regions and is notably prevalent in India, causing persistent outbreaks that pose major animal and public health challenges. This study reviews the spatiotemporal patterns of human and animal anthrax outbreaks in India to identify high-risk areas and assess the correlation with environmental factors.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search covering the period from 1990 to 2022 was conducted across various databases including CAB Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, alongside Indian government databases like the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) and the National Animal Disease Referral Expert System (NADRES). We extracted data from studies published in English, using predefined keywords, and evaluated them using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and EpiInfo, with spatial mapping in ArcGIS Pro.

Results: Out of the 423 studies reviewed, 44 fulfilled our inclusion criteria, providing data on 174 human outbreaks (1778 cases, 130 fatalities) and 1775 animal outbreaks (7818 deaths). We identified key hotspots for human anthrax in West Bengal, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh, and significant hotspots for animal anthrax in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. Majority of human outbreaks were reported between March and June, whereas the majority of animal outbreaks were reported between June and September. A strong correlation was observed between rainfall and animal outbreaks in the eastern region (correlation coefficient of 0.94).

Conclusion: The study highlights key hotspots for human and animal anthrax and discrepancies in human and animal anthrax reporting and gaps in surveillance. There is a critical need for enhanced One Health surveillance and animal anthrax vaccination programs for effective management and mitigate the disease. These strategies are essential not only for public health and livestock welfare in India but also for global health security.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/4914707.].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/7626405.].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/856349.].

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing chronic pain and infertility. Hypoxia plays a significant role in the progression of endometriosis.

Methods: We performed bioinformatics analysis on GEO datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in endometriosis, using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA)and GeneCards for hypoxia-related genes. Machine learning models identified key hub genes. CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assays assessed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the interactions between the drug and the protein.

Results: In the GEO dataset analysis, 2834 DEGs were identified. Using WGCNA, a green module strongly correlated with endometriosis was identified. Intersecting this module with the hypoxia-related genes resulted in the selection of 449 key genes. Machine learning models, including support vector machines (SVMs), were employed to identify hypoxia-related DEGs with significant predictive value. LASSO and SVM-RFE were used to refine this list, ultimately selecting six hub genes: DDR2, ENO3, ESM1, NMBR, PRKAB1, and PRPF19. Validation with an independent dataset confirmed DDR2 as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Functional assays demonstrated that DDR2 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the endometriosis cell lines VK2/E6E7 and 12Z. DDR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, mediates extracellular matrix remodeling and cell invasion under hypoxia. By interacting with collagen and HIFs, DDR2 activates pathways that promote MMP secretion, angiogenesis, and migration, facilitating endometriotic cell progression in the hypoxic microenvironment. Molecular docking identified key amino acids near DDR2's binding pocket that form hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and π-stacking with baicalein, cavidine, sitogluside, and stigmasterol, further supporting DDR2's potential as a therapeutic target.

Conclusion: DDR2 is a key hypoxia-related gene in endometriosis and a promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker.

Background: Despite the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the knowledge about the trend of cancer incidence in Ethiopia is limited. The paucity of core cancer diagnostic services like pathology, diagnostic imaging technology, and the absence of a comprehensive national cancer registry masked the exact magnitude of cancer incidence in Ethiopia in general and the Wolaita area in particular. This study is aimed at filling the gap by analyzing diagnostic data from a referral clinic. The clinic used to serve as a primary diagnostic center for patients referred from over 25 healthcare facilities in the region.

Methods: A pathology sample retrospective analysis-based prevalence study was conducted for the period between December 2017 and February 2022. Records saved in computers were subjected to analysis by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 22. The data were used to analyze the types and distribution of cancers in the region across age, sex, and diagnosis.

Results and discussions: The results showed notable gender disparities, with women experiencing a greater prevalence of breast cancer and men mostly receiving diagnoses for soft tissue sarcomas. The most prevalent forms of cancer were determined, along with the locations of each. The study also emphasized how different referral facilities, such as general hospitals, primary hospitals, and medium-sized clinics, had varying cancer incidence rates. Although generalizability may be limited by the study's clinic-based design, its relevance to comparable healthcare settings in Ethiopia and other low-resource locations is strengthened by the large and diverse sample drawn from a variety of referral institutions. This study emphasizes the necessity of focused screening programs and greater cancer awareness in Wolaita Zone, particularly in rural regions. The results also suggest possible directions for future investigation, such as population-based studies to confirm and build upon these findings.

Conclusions: This study provides crucial insights into the cancer burden in Wolaita Zone and emphasizes the importance of improving diagnostic and preventive measures. Further research, including broader, population-based studies, is necessary to confirm these findings and inform regional cancer control strategies.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a crucial regulator of cellular processes, including inflammation, metabolism, and stress responses, playing a significant role in the body's defense mechanisms. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, SIRT1 plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response. This protein helps to enhance the antiviral response through deacetylating key transcription factors and regulating proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing the cytokine storm (an overwhelming immune response) associated with severe COVID-19 cases. SIRT1 influences the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, thereby potentially mitigating viral entry and replication. Natural activators of SIRT1, such as resveratrol, have been shown to enhance its activity, offering promising avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at bolstering the immune response during COVID-19. Understanding the multifaceted role of SIRT1 in human defense mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 could pave the way for innovative strategies to manage COVID-19 and similar viral infections, emphasizing the importance of SIRT1 as a potential target for future therapeutic approaches.