Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000171
A. Alluwaimi, K. T. A. Salem, Roqya A Al-Ashqer, Ibrahim H Al-shubaith
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) can survive and produce considerable amount of milk during recurrent and prolonged hot and dry environment. Camel milk considered one of the most valuable food sources due to its nutritional value. Intramammary infection and other low hygienic measurers are the main factors that undermined the camel mammary gland welfare. Available studies elaborated in detail the role of innate factors like Peptidoglycan recognition protein and Lactoferrin in camel milk as potent antimicrobial factors. Despite the wide studies on camel antibodies, their role in the mammary gland immunity was scarcely addressed. The major lack of information about the immune system of camel mammary gland is of great setback in improving the camel dairy industry. This review has evaluated the available data on different aspects of the mammary immune system. The available data unfortunately are of general profile, which created wide gaps in understanding the camel mammary gland immune system in health and disease. Several measures were proposed as necessary approaches to drive considerable interests of wide and in depth research on the camel mammary gland immune system. In conclusion, the available knowledge on the immune system of camel mammary gland suffers from major lack in the role of the immunoglobulins in health and mastitis. Although, acceptable progress was made on defining the cellular populations of the mammary gland, their main activity during the infection needs to be revealed.
{"title":"The Camel's ( Camelus Dromedarius ) Mammary Gland Immune System in Health and Disease","authors":"A. Alluwaimi, K. T. A. Salem, Roqya A Al-Ashqer, Ibrahim H Al-shubaith","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) can survive and produce considerable amount of milk during recurrent and prolonged hot and dry environment. Camel milk considered one of the most valuable food sources due to its nutritional value. Intramammary infection and other low hygienic measurers are the main factors that undermined the camel mammary gland welfare. Available studies elaborated in detail the role of innate factors like Peptidoglycan recognition protein and Lactoferrin in camel milk as potent antimicrobial factors. Despite the wide studies on camel antibodies, their role in the mammary gland immunity was scarcely addressed. The major lack of information about the immune system of camel mammary gland is of great setback in improving the camel dairy industry. This review has evaluated the available data on different aspects of the mammary immune system. The available data unfortunately are of general profile, which created wide gaps in understanding the camel mammary gland immune system in health and disease. Several measures were proposed as necessary approaches to drive considerable interests of wide and in depth research on the camel mammary gland immune system. \u0000In conclusion, the available knowledge on the immune system of camel mammary gland suffers from major lack in the role of the immunoglobulins in health and mastitis. Although, acceptable progress was made on defining the cellular populations of the mammary gland, their main activity during the infection needs to be revealed.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43524831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000170
F. Malek
This letter is about the usefulness of non-submerged biofilms as a model for studying biofilm dispersal, with an emphasis on a novel dispersion style found in biofilms formed by dairy-associated bacteria.
{"title":"Dispersion in Biofilms Formed by Sporeforming Bacteria of Dairy Origin","authors":"F. Malek","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"This letter is about the usefulness of non-submerged biofilms as a model for studying biofilm dispersal, with an emphasis on a novel dispersion style found in biofilms formed by dairy-associated bacteria.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000169
Solomon Berhe, T. Beyene, T. Jibat, Woldemariyam Fanos Tadesse
Bovine mastitis is inflammation of the mammary glands that interferes with the normal flow and quality of milk. S. aureus is the most important pathogen among Staphylococci species related to subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows. Antibiotics must be safe, effective and of acceptable quality to be used in both human and veterinary medicines. The study was aimed to isolate S. aureus from California mastitis test (CMT) positive dairy cows and to evaluate the efficacy of the six brands of amoxicillin against S. aureus. Purposive sampling with a cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 2016 to April 2016 in five dairy farms found in Bishoftu town. A total of 162 dairy cows were examined using California mastits test (CMT) and out of this 112 (69%) were found positive and from this 30 (26.78%) isolates of S. aureus were recorded. The highest and the lowest prevalence of the California mastitis test(CMT) positive was found in Prime (100%) and Tseday (36.84%) farm respectively. The highest and the lowest prevalence of the S. aureus isolate were found in Prime (50%) and college of veterinary medicine and agriculture (10%) farm respectively. In vitro drug efficacy against the bacterial isolates was determined by comparing the zone of inhibition obtained from clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) by using disc diffusion method. The comparative efficacy between the brands was evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition and was interpreted as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. S. aureus isolate were 100% resistant to the six different brands of amoxicillin. Generally it is concluded that S. aureus is among the major causative agent of subclinical mastitis in five dairy farms of the study area.The isolates were also resistance to amoxicillin brands indicating the need of other alternative and effective antibiotics.
{"title":"Comparative Efficacy Evaluation of Six Brands of Amoxicillin against S. aureus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitic Milking Dairy Cows in Bishoftu","authors":"Solomon Berhe, T. Beyene, T. Jibat, Woldemariyam Fanos Tadesse","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis is inflammation of the mammary glands that interferes with the normal flow and quality of milk. S. aureus is the most important pathogen among Staphylococci species related to subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows. Antibiotics must be safe, effective and of acceptable quality to be used in both human and veterinary medicines. The study was aimed to isolate S. aureus from California mastitis test (CMT) positive dairy cows and to evaluate the efficacy of the six brands of amoxicillin against S. aureus. Purposive sampling with a cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 2016 to April 2016 in five dairy farms found in Bishoftu town. A total of 162 dairy cows were examined using California mastits test (CMT) and out of this 112 (69%) were found positive and from this 30 (26.78%) isolates of S. aureus were recorded. The highest and the lowest prevalence of the California mastitis test(CMT) positive was found in Prime (100%) and Tseday (36.84%) farm respectively. The highest and the lowest prevalence of the S. aureus isolate were found in Prime (50%) and college of veterinary medicine and agriculture (10%) farm respectively. In vitro drug efficacy against the bacterial isolates was determined by comparing the zone of inhibition obtained from clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) by using disc diffusion method. The comparative efficacy between the brands was evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition and was interpreted as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. S. aureus isolate were 100% resistant to the six different brands of amoxicillin. Generally it is concluded that S. aureus is among the major causative agent of subclinical mastitis in five dairy farms of the study area.The isolates were also resistance to amoxicillin brands indicating the need of other alternative and effective antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42790558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000168
Lifeng Wang, Ying Ma, J. Cui, Shenghua He, Jinju Cheng
The effect of pH and heating temperature on yak (β-Lactoglobulin) β-Lg denaturation/aggregation was investigated. Temperature and pH significantly influenced the rate and content of yak β-Lg denaturation/aggregation and the protein formation in solution. The content of native β-Lg monomer decreased with increase in temperature at all pH range. β-Lg was heated above 80°C the content of native β-Lg monomer at pH 4.5-5.5 was reduced markedly than higher pH range from 6.5 to 8.5. Meanwhile the formations and content of yak β-Lg solution were complication at pH from 6.5 to 8.5 after heated 80°C and 90°C. The trend of hydrodynamic diameter and particle size was similar. The particle size in yak β-Lg solution increased markedly form (52 and 75 nm) pH 8.5 to (345 and 489 nm) pH 4.5 when β-Lg was heated at 80°C and 90°C, respectively. pH and heating temperature are important parameters that can influence the heat-induced denaturation/aggregation and the characteristic of yak β-Lg and yak whey proteins. And these researches provide some basis date and results to better understanding the mechanism of yak β-Lg denaturation, disulphide-linked aggregation and precipitation.
{"title":"Effect of pH and Heat-Induced on the Yak Β-Lactoglobulin Denaturation and Aggregation","authors":"Lifeng Wang, Ying Ma, J. Cui, Shenghua He, Jinju Cheng","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pH and heating temperature on yak (β-Lactoglobulin) β-Lg denaturation/aggregation was investigated. Temperature and pH significantly influenced the rate and content of yak β-Lg denaturation/aggregation and the protein formation in solution. The content of native β-Lg monomer decreased with increase in temperature at all pH range. β-Lg was heated above 80°C the content of native β-Lg monomer at pH 4.5-5.5 was reduced markedly than higher pH range from 6.5 to 8.5. Meanwhile the formations and content of yak β-Lg solution were complication at pH from 6.5 to 8.5 after heated 80°C and 90°C. The trend of hydrodynamic diameter and particle size was similar. The particle size in yak β-Lg solution increased markedly form (52 and 75 nm) pH 8.5 to (345 and 489 nm) pH 4.5 when β-Lg was heated at 80°C and 90°C, respectively. pH and heating temperature are important parameters that can influence the heat-induced denaturation/aggregation and the characteristic of yak β-Lg and yak whey proteins. And these researches provide some basis date and results to better understanding the mechanism of yak β-Lg denaturation, disulphide-linked aggregation and precipitation.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46316744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000167
F. Mabood, J. Hussain, Al Nabhani Moo, S. A. Gilani, Saima Farooq, Z. Naureen, F. Jabeen, M. Ahmed, Z. Hussain, A. Al‐Harrasi
In order to increase the shelf life for long distance transportation of milk, formalin is added as an adulterant to milk. That is highly toxic causes liver and kidney damages. A new Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis was developed to detect as well as to quantify the level of formalin adulteration in cow milk. In this study four different types of cow milk samples were collected from Nizwa regions of Sultanate of Oman and were investigated. Those cow milk samples were then adulterated with formalin at eight different percentage levels: 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% and 17% of formalin. All samples were measured using NIR spectroscopy in absorption mode in the wavelength range from 700-2500 nm, at 2 cm-1 resolution and using a 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell. The multivariate methods like Principle component analysis (PCA), partial least discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least regression analysis (PLS) were applied for statistical analysis of the obtained NIR spectral data. PLS-DA model was used to check the discrimination between the pure and formalin adulterated milk samples. For PLSDA model the R-square value obtained was 0.969 with 0.086 RMSE (Root mean square error). Furthermore, PLS regression model was also built to quantify the levels formalin adulterant in cow milk samples. The PLS regression model was obtained with the R-square 93% and with 1.38 RMSECV(Root mean square error of cross validation) value having good prediction with RMSEP (Root mean square error of prediction) value 1.50 and correlation of 0.95. This newly developed method is non-destructive, cheap, no need of much sample preparation and having sensitivity level less than 2% level of formalin adulteration.
{"title":"Detection and Quantification of Formalin Adulteration in Cow Milk Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis","authors":"F. Mabood, J. Hussain, Al Nabhani Moo, S. A. Gilani, Saima Farooq, Z. Naureen, F. Jabeen, M. Ahmed, Z. Hussain, A. Al‐Harrasi","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase the shelf life for long distance transportation of milk, formalin is added as an adulterant to milk. That is highly toxic causes liver and kidney damages. A new Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis was developed to detect as well as to quantify the level of formalin adulteration in cow milk. In this study four different types of cow milk samples were collected from Nizwa regions of Sultanate of Oman and were investigated. Those cow milk samples were then adulterated with formalin at eight different percentage levels: 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% and 17% of formalin. All samples were measured using NIR spectroscopy in absorption mode in the wavelength range from 700-2500 nm, at 2 cm-1 resolution and using a 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell. The multivariate methods like Principle component analysis (PCA), partial least discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least regression analysis (PLS) were applied for statistical analysis of the obtained NIR spectral data. PLS-DA model was used to check the discrimination between the pure and formalin adulterated milk samples. For PLSDA model the R-square value obtained was 0.969 with 0.086 RMSE (Root mean square error). Furthermore, PLS regression model was also built to quantify the levels formalin adulterant in cow milk samples. The PLS regression model was obtained with the R-square 93% and with 1.38 RMSECV(Root mean square error of cross validation) value having good prediction with RMSEP (Root mean square error of prediction) value 1.50 and correlation of 0.95. This newly developed method is non-destructive, cheap, no need of much sample preparation and having sensitivity level less than 2% level of formalin adulteration.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"234 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000195
Sarahí Luna-Castro, Luisa Samaniego-Barrón, Luis E. Serrano-Rubio, I. Ceballos-Olvera, Christian Avalos-Gómez, M. Garza
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-chelating glycoprotein present in milk and mucosal secretions, a component of the mammalian innate immune system. Lf is microbiostatic and microbicidal. Lf can reduce the bacterial expression of virulence factors, such as those involved in biofilm production and protease secretion. The high identity among mammalian Lf sequences facilitates its use in human and veterinary medicine. Lf of bovine origin is the principal Lf used due to its commercial availability through purification from milk whey; recombinant Lfs (bovine, human, and porcine) have been used as well. Lf is a stable protein that retains its physicochemical characteristics under gastric pH conditions, and in most cases it is bioactive even after digestion; thus, the incorporation of Lf into diets facilitates its administration to animals. The aim of this review is to examine original research in which the effects of bovine and porcine Lf on pathogens of domestic animals have been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo assays, with the purpose of ascertaining the benefits that Lf provides in the treatment of infectious diseases.
{"title":"Lactoferrin: A Powerful Antimicrobial Protein Present in Milk","authors":"Sarahí Luna-Castro, Luisa Samaniego-Barrón, Luis E. Serrano-Rubio, I. Ceballos-Olvera, Christian Avalos-Gómez, M. Garza","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-chelating glycoprotein present in milk and mucosal secretions, a component of the mammalian innate immune system. Lf is microbiostatic and microbicidal. Lf can reduce the bacterial expression of virulence factors, such as those involved in biofilm production and protease secretion. The high identity among mammalian Lf sequences facilitates its use in human and veterinary medicine. Lf of bovine origin is the principal Lf used due to its commercial availability through purification from milk whey; recombinant Lfs (bovine, human, and porcine) have been used as well. Lf is a stable protein that retains its physicochemical characteristics under gastric pH conditions, and in most cases it is bioactive even after digestion; thus, the incorporation of Lf into diets facilitates its administration to animals. The aim of this review is to examine original research in which the effects of bovine and porcine Lf on pathogens of domestic animals have been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo assays, with the purpose of ascertaining the benefits that Lf provides in the treatment of infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70297010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000196
Eyob Marufa, Mestawet Taye, G. Abebe, A. Tera, Addisu Jimma
The study was conducted in Sidama Zone, Dara District Southern Ethiopia. The intention was to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors on reproductive and growth performance of Abera sheep in the District. For this study three years (2013-2015) performance data were obtained from Hawassa research center, Dara sub-site. Study identified age at first lambing (AFL) and lambing interval (LI) of the sheep were 9.6 and 12.9 months, respectively; while annual reproductive rate and litter size of the ewes were 1.9 and 1.5 heads. Average birth weight, weaning weight and 6 month weight of Abera sheep were 2.8, 12.3 and 18.5 kg, respectively; while pre and post weaning average daily weight gains were 106 and 40 g/day, respectively. Birth type, sex and year had significant (p<0.05) effect on birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) and six-months weight; whereas season and parity had significant (P<0.05) effect on BWT and WWT only. Sex and birth type had significant (p<0.01) effect on pre-weaning average daily gain whereas year, season and parity had significant effect on both pre and post-weaning average daily gain. There was within breed variability in growth traits, which were significantly influenced by non-genetic factors like birth type, sex, year, season and parity. Selection for further improvement to achieve higher lamb crop with superior growth performance should be prioritized as within population variability is raw material for improvement through selection. Molecular characterization should also be carried out to identify uniqueness of Abera sheep.
{"title":"Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on Reproductive and Growth Performance of Abera Sheep under Community Based Breeding Program in SNNPRS Ethiopia","authors":"Eyob Marufa, Mestawet Taye, G. Abebe, A. Tera, Addisu Jimma","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Sidama Zone, Dara District Southern Ethiopia. The intention was to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors on reproductive and growth performance of Abera sheep in the District. For this study three years (2013-2015) performance data were obtained from Hawassa research center, Dara sub-site. Study identified age at first lambing (AFL) and lambing interval (LI) of the sheep were 9.6 and 12.9 months, respectively; while annual reproductive rate and litter size of the ewes were 1.9 and 1.5 heads. Average birth weight, weaning weight and 6 month weight of Abera sheep were 2.8, 12.3 and 18.5 kg, respectively; while pre and post weaning average daily weight gains were 106 and 40 g/day, respectively. Birth type, sex and year had significant (p<0.05) effect on birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) and six-months weight; whereas season and parity had significant (P<0.05) effect on BWT and WWT only. Sex and birth type had significant (p<0.01) effect on pre-weaning average daily gain whereas year, season and parity had significant effect on both pre and post-weaning average daily gain. There was within breed variability in growth traits, which were significantly influenced by non-genetic factors like birth type, sex, year, season and parity. Selection for further improvement to achieve higher lamb crop with superior growth performance should be prioritized as within population variability is raw material for improvement through selection. Molecular characterization should also be carried out to identify uniqueness of Abera sheep.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000197
Angelica Sousa, Katrin A Kopf-Bolanz
In Switzerland the consumption of non-dairy plant-based beverages increased (+19%) from 2011 to 2016 whereas the consumption of cow’s milk decreased (-6%). This trend makes it necessary to investigate in detail which products are on the market, what they are composed of and the implications with regard to their nutritional value. The main supermarket chains in Switzerland sell 52 dairy and non-dairy plant-based beverages that were analysed as to their composition (information from the label and nutrient databases) and nutrient content per recommended serving size. This information was correlated to the recommended dietary allowances published by the Swiss Society for Nutrition (SSN), for adults (25-51), children (4-7 years) and toddlers (1-3 years). The main focus was placed on the protein content and amino acid composition of the beverages which is of great importance for different physiological functions. Furthermore, calcium, sugar, and salt content were discussed in detail. Altogether, replacing cow’s milk with non-dairy plant-based beverages leads to a reduced intake of proteins, calcium, certain vitamins and minerals and to an increased intake of added salt. Therefore, such a substitution should be made with precaution and nutrient deficiencies balanced with other food sources.
{"title":"Nutritional Implications of an Increasing Consumption of Non-Dairy Plant-Based Beverages Instead of Cow's Milk in Switzerland","authors":"Angelica Sousa, Katrin A Kopf-Bolanz","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"In Switzerland the consumption of non-dairy plant-based beverages increased (+19%) from 2011 to 2016 whereas the consumption of cow’s milk decreased (-6%). This trend makes it necessary to investigate in detail which products are on the market, what they are composed of and the implications with regard to their nutritional value. The main supermarket chains in Switzerland sell 52 dairy and non-dairy plant-based beverages that were analysed as to their composition (information from the label and nutrient databases) and nutrient content per recommended serving size. This information was correlated to the recommended dietary allowances published by the Swiss Society for Nutrition (SSN), for adults (25-51), children (4-7 years) and toddlers (1-3 years). The main focus was placed on the protein content and amino acid composition of the beverages which is of great importance for different physiological functions. Furthermore, calcium, sugar, and salt content were discussed in detail. Altogether, replacing cow’s milk with non-dairy plant-based beverages leads to a reduced intake of proteins, calcium, certain vitamins and minerals and to an increased intake of added salt. Therefore, such a substitution should be made with precaution and nutrient deficiencies balanced with other food sources.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000191
G. Sharma, P. K. Rout, R. Kaushik, Gajendra B. Singh
We have identified the bioactive peptides in goat milk using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The milk samples were collected from three healthy breeds of goats at CIRG farms. The milk proteins were isolated using simple centrifugation and were evaluated on the basis of presence of other proteins variants using SDS PAGE and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of all the milk proteins were same showing the presence of all the major caseins proteins and whey proteins whereas the two dimensional gel electrophoresis resulted gels has shown the presence of various protein spots. These protein spots were analysed under mass spectrometry and found biologically active peptides dipeptidyl peptidase, transcription factor A, Interleukin 12 subunit, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2. In our study we have reported the biological significance of these peptides identified and their role in human health such as mitochondrial disease, brain malignancies, signaling processes of cytokines and help in generating cytotoxic lymphocyte helps enhance immunity.
{"title":"Identification of Bioactive Peptides in Goat Milk and Their Health Application","authors":"G. Sharma, P. K. Rout, R. Kaushik, Gajendra B. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"We have identified the bioactive peptides in goat milk using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The milk samples were collected from three healthy breeds of goats at CIRG farms. The milk proteins were isolated using simple centrifugation and were evaluated on the basis of presence of other proteins variants using SDS PAGE and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of all the milk proteins were same showing the presence of all the major caseins proteins and whey proteins whereas the two dimensional gel electrophoresis resulted gels has shown the presence of various protein spots. These protein spots were analysed under mass spectrometry and found biologically active peptides dipeptidyl peptidase, transcription factor A, Interleukin 12 subunit, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2. In our study we have reported the biological significance of these peptides identified and their role in human health such as mitochondrial disease, brain malignancies, signaling processes of cytokines and help in generating cytotoxic lymphocyte helps enhance immunity.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000190
P. Sampaio
Donkey’s milk is an interesting commercial product, due to its high nutritional value, and can be considered as a suitable source of food for human consumption. For the first time, it was performed the optimization study of clotting process using donkey milk and a plant aspartic protease-cyprosin, obtained from Cynara cardunculus flowers. An experimental design was used for the preliminary factors selection such as: the clotting enzymes (cyprosin and microbial rennet), CaCl2 concentration (0.01%-0.1% (w/v)) and clotting temperature (32-35oC). The cyprosin and the 0.1% (w/v) CaCl2 concentration, as well as the relation between the CaCl2 concentration and the temperature, were the factors that showed a significant influence on the clotting activity. The 0.1% (w/v) CaCl2 concentration is an important factor because allows to obtain a more consistent curd, while the clotting activity of cyprosin was more efficient than microbial rennet. This preliminary study can give a new research base to obtain different types of cheeses using other milk origin as well as different clotting enzymes such as the cyprosin.
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