Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000198
M. Hirata, A. Honda
This research was conducted in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal, where Tibetan Tamang people of Buddhist faith predominantly reside. The purpose of the research is to identify the milk processing system of the Tamang people, discuss the regional communality of the milk processing system by comparing it against the other non-Tibetan populations in the same village and analyze the evolution and the distinctive regional characteristics of the milk processing system in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal. The characteristics of the Tamang people’s milk processing system can be summarized as follows: 1) They only use the fermentation processes, 2) There are times when they add lactic fermentation starter to make sour milk and other times they do not, 3) They use a wooden tub with a stirrer to churn butter, 4) They separate butter oil from raw milk to preserve milk fat, and 5) They do not make cheese out of raw milk to preserve milk protein. Since the milk processing systems of the Tamang people are completely consistent with those of the Danuwar, Newar, and Parbate Hindu people, the milk processing system has transcended ethnic groups and has become communal to the region. As a result of comparatively analyzing the surrounding regions, it was understood that the Tibetan Tamang people’s milk processing system had transformed in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal from the milk processing system used by the Tibetan pastoralists in the Tibetan highlands to the milk processing system used by the Hindu people in the Indian lowland. The hilly terrain of Central Nepal is located at about 1,000 meters above sea level and it can be said that this region is in the same milk culture area as the Indian lowland.
{"title":"Milk Processing System in the Hilly Terrain of Central Nepal","authors":"M. Hirata, A. Honda","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal, where Tibetan Tamang people of Buddhist faith predominantly reside. The purpose of the research is to identify the milk processing system of the Tamang people, discuss the regional communality of the milk processing system by comparing it against the other non-Tibetan populations in the same village and analyze the evolution and the distinctive regional characteristics of the milk processing system in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal. The characteristics of the Tamang people’s milk processing system can be summarized as follows: 1) They only use the fermentation processes, 2) There are times when they add lactic fermentation starter to make sour milk and other times they do not, 3) They use a wooden tub with a stirrer to churn butter, 4) They separate butter oil from raw milk to preserve milk fat, and 5) They do not make cheese out of raw milk to preserve milk protein. Since the milk processing systems of the Tamang people are completely consistent with those of the Danuwar, Newar, and Parbate Hindu people, the milk processing system has transcended ethnic groups and has become communal to the region. As a result of comparatively analyzing the surrounding regions, it was understood that the Tibetan Tamang people’s milk processing system had transformed in the hilly terrain of Central Nepal from the milk processing system used by the Tibetan pastoralists in the Tibetan highlands to the milk processing system used by the Hindu people in the Indian lowland. The hilly terrain of Central Nepal is located at about 1,000 meters above sea level and it can be said that this region is in the same milk culture area as the Indian lowland.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000193
B. I. Davis, Aftab Siddique, Y. Park
Dehydration has a benefit of extending shelf life of foods, which can reduce or minimize nutritional and physicochemical changes in powdered goat milk products during storage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions of powdered goat milk (PGM) during storage. Three batches of commercial whole goat milk powders were purchased from a local retail outlet in Warner Robins, Georgia, and the PGM samples were stored at 4 and 22°C for 0, 2, and 4 months. Results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in peroxide value (POV) between storage temperatures and periods of the samples. PGM samples stored at higher temperature and longer period revealed higher lipid oxidation than those of lower temperature and shorter storage period. Storage time also had significant (P<0.05) influence on pHs, but not on water activity of PGM products. Fatty acid profiles showed that both C18:1 and C8:0 had the highest concentrations among all fatty acids tested in the PGM. Among the three main factors, batch and storage time had significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) effects on majority of fatty acids, while storage temperature had a minimal effect. Two-way interactions of storage temperature × storage time and batch × storage temperature had no significant impacts on fatty acid contents. However, 2-way interaction of batch x storage time was significant for most fatty acids, including C8:0, C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0. In addition, 3-way interaction of batch x temperature x period had significant effects on C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0. It was concluded that lipid oxidation of commercial PGM products were significantly (P<0.05) affected by storage temperature and period, while fatty acids contents were influenced by mainly batch, storage period and some interaction effects.
{"title":"Effects of Different Storage Time and Temperature on Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Powder Goat Milk Products","authors":"B. I. Davis, Aftab Siddique, Y. Park","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Dehydration has a benefit of extending shelf life of foods, which can reduce or minimize nutritional and physicochemical changes in powdered goat milk products during storage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions of powdered goat milk (PGM) during storage. Three batches of commercial whole goat milk powders were purchased from a local retail outlet in Warner Robins, Georgia, and the PGM samples were stored at 4 and 22°C for 0, 2, and 4 months. Results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in peroxide value (POV) between storage temperatures and periods of the samples. PGM samples stored at higher temperature and longer period revealed higher lipid oxidation than those of lower temperature and shorter storage period. Storage time also had significant (P<0.05) influence on pHs, but not on water activity of PGM products. Fatty acid profiles showed that both C18:1 and C8:0 had the highest concentrations among all fatty acids tested in the PGM. Among the three main factors, batch and storage time had significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) effects on majority of fatty acids, while storage temperature had a minimal effect. Two-way interactions of storage temperature × storage time and batch × storage temperature had no significant impacts on fatty acid contents. However, 2-way interaction of batch x storage time was significant for most fatty acids, including C8:0, C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0. In addition, 3-way interaction of batch x temperature x period had significant effects on C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0. It was concluded that lipid oxidation of commercial PGM products were significantly (P<0.05) affected by storage temperature and period, while fatty acids contents were influenced by mainly batch, storage period and some interaction effects.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000194
Xiaomei Zhao
The combination of rising consumer incomes, simulative government subsidies and fading memories of post2008 dairy food safety scandals had put the industry on the path to solid recovery. Following a decade of booming growth, China's dairy industry once more faces a period of flat prospects. In this paper, the China dairy industry has been investigated and its strength, weakness, opportunities and threats has been discussed. And a few conclusions have been arrived at.
{"title":"A SWOT Analysis of the China Dairy Industry","authors":"Xiaomei Zhao","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of rising consumer incomes, simulative government subsidies and fading memories of post2008 dairy food safety scandals had put the industry on the path to solid recovery. Following a decade of booming growth, China's dairy industry once more faces a period of flat prospects. In this paper, the China dairy industry has been investigated and its strength, weakness, opportunities and threats has been discussed. And a few conclusions have been arrived at.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70297001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000192
M. Salih, S. Yang
Food adulteration is a bigger problem faces the world and developing countries are higher risk related with this problem due to lack of good monitoring and policies. Milk in natural form has a high food value; it comprises nutrients, which are essential for proper growth and maintenance of the human body. Recently, there has been an upsurge in milk consumption worldwide, especially in developing countries, and consumption of milk is now forming a significant part of the diet for a high proportion of the global population. As a result of the most increased demands, high growth in competition in the dairy markets and increasing complexity of the supply chain, some unscrupulous milk producers are indulging in milk fraud. This malpractice has become a big common problem in the developing countries. Milk is often subjected to fraud (by means of adulteration) for lack of proper hygienic conditions of processing storage or financial gain, transportation and marketing. Water is the most common adulterant used which dilute and decreases the nutritional value of milk. If the water is contaminated, for example, with pathogens or chemicals, this poses a big serious health risk for consumers. To the diluted milk, inferior cheaper materials may be added such as milk powder, cane sugar and urea, even more hazardous chemicals including melamine, caustic soda, formalin, and detergents. These additions have the potential to cause serious healthrelated problems. This review aims to shows the impacts of milk fraud on nutrition and food safety in developing countries especially China and Sudan.
{"title":"Common Milk Adulteration in Developing Countries Cases Study in China and Sudan: A Review","authors":"M. Salih, S. Yang","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Food adulteration is a bigger problem faces the world and developing countries are higher risk related with this problem due to lack of good monitoring and policies. Milk in natural form has a high food value; it comprises nutrients, which are essential for proper growth and maintenance of the human body. Recently, there has been an upsurge in milk consumption worldwide, especially in developing countries, and consumption of milk is now forming a significant part of the diet for a high proportion of the global population. As a result of the most increased demands, high growth in competition in the dairy markets and increasing complexity of the supply chain, some unscrupulous milk producers are indulging in milk fraud. This malpractice has become a big common problem in the developing countries. Milk is often subjected to fraud (by means of adulteration) for lack of proper hygienic conditions of processing storage or financial gain, transportation and marketing. Water is the most common adulterant used which dilute and decreases the nutritional value of milk. If the water is contaminated, for example, with pathogens or chemicals, this poses a big serious health risk for consumers. To the diluted milk, inferior cheaper materials may be added such as milk powder, cane sugar and urea, even more hazardous chemicals including melamine, caustic soda, formalin, and detergents. These additions have the potential to cause serious healthrelated problems. This review aims to shows the impacts of milk fraud on nutrition and food safety in developing countries especially China and Sudan.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-10DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000162
O. OlooBenard
Dutch dairy sector is a premier player in the global arena. The Dutch have also been associated with the world’s most productive dairy cattle in Friesian-Holstein. There are many important breakthroughs on sustainable intensification and successful running of a dairy farm from the Dutch. Kenya on the other hand is just entering the transitionary phase in dairy development. It is already an important player in dairy farming in Africa whose production is second only after South Africa. There are several lessons that the dairy industry in Kenya may be able to learn in order to rise to its optimal potential. This paper, through an intensive interrogation of the Dutch dairy sector through; field excursions, group discussions, expert presentations, and lectures makes important situational analysis of the Dutch dairy sector and compares this to the Kenyan dairy industry situation. The Kenyan dairy industry situation was studied through a thorough desktop review of major government, Non-government organizations, discussions with experts and other major players in Kenyan dairy landscapes’ publications. This study makes cognizant the fact that in designing any interventions in the Kenyan dairy industry it is vital to understand the trends and the drivers that shape the dairy industry in Kenya. Based on these prevailing circumstances it has discussed the vital lessons that the Kenyan dairy sector may learn from the Dutch dairy industry to ensure that any gains from the improvement in the Kenyan dairy sector remains sustainable.
{"title":"Lessons in Sustainable Dairy Farming to Kenyan Dairy Sector from the DutchDairy Sector","authors":"O. OlooBenard","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Dutch dairy sector is a premier player in the global arena. The Dutch have also been associated with the world’s most productive dairy cattle in Friesian-Holstein. There are many important breakthroughs on sustainable intensification and successful running of a dairy farm from the Dutch. Kenya on the other hand is just entering the transitionary phase in dairy development. It is already an important player in dairy farming in Africa whose production is second only after South Africa. There are several lessons that the dairy industry in Kenya may be able to learn in order to rise to its optimal potential. This paper, through an intensive interrogation of the Dutch dairy sector through; field excursions, group discussions, expert presentations, and lectures makes important situational analysis of the Dutch dairy sector and compares this to the Kenyan dairy industry situation. The Kenyan dairy industry situation was studied through a thorough desktop review of major government, Non-government organizations, discussions with experts and other major players in Kenyan dairy landscapes’ publications. This study makes cognizant the fact that in designing any interventions in the Kenyan dairy industry it is vital to understand the trends and the drivers that shape the dairy industry in Kenya. Based on these prevailing circumstances it has discussed the vital lessons that the Kenyan dairy sector may learn from the Dutch dairy industry to ensure that any gains from the improvement in the Kenyan dairy sector remains sustainable.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-25DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000166
E. Alehegn, S. Tesfaye, M. Chane
Background: In Ethiopia sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis have been reported in different agro-ecology of the country intensively but very limited reports on disease dynamics in north Gondar zone compared to other locations of the country. This study was to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors in and around Gondar, south-western Ethiopia. Methods: The total herds included in this study were 47, selected purposively based on the willingness of the owners. But an individual animal selection was using simple random sampling method except for those cows with history of abortion or active case of abortion which included purposively. All serum samples were initially screened by Rose-Bengal Plate Test and further tested by Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmation. Results: Overall sero-prevalences recorded were 4.9% and herds’ level prevalence was 34%. Among the potential risk factors considered in the present study, breed of cattle, parity, production system, and breeding system had statistically significant association (p<0.05) with sero-positivity of bovine Brucellosis. Intensification of production system, introduction of exotic or cross-breeds and AI usage had found to have high risk of exposure for seropositivity of bovine Brucellosis (ORs=7.11, 12.18, 4.63, P=0.029, 0.0023, 0.035) respectively. Using questionnaire survey, a prevalence of abortion were 22.4% and 4.9% after 5th month of pregnancy and before 5th month of pregnancy respectively. And abortion after 5th month of pregnancy was significantly associated with sero-positivity bovine Brucellosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, there was an increase of sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis and the potential risk factors at both animal and herd level in the study area when compared with many reports before at the same study site as well as different regions of the country; therefore, further studies on isolation and strain characterization and appropriate control measures should be considered.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and its Risk Factors in Cattle in and around Gondar Town, North West Gondar, Ethiopia","authors":"E. Alehegn, S. Tesfaye, M. Chane","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Ethiopia sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis have been reported in different agro-ecology of the country intensively but very limited reports on disease dynamics in north Gondar zone compared to other locations of the country. This study was to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors in and around Gondar, south-western Ethiopia. Methods: The total herds included in this study were 47, selected purposively based on the willingness of the owners. But an individual animal selection was using simple random sampling method except for those cows with history of abortion or active case of abortion which included purposively. All serum samples were initially screened by Rose-Bengal Plate Test and further tested by Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmation. Results: Overall sero-prevalences recorded were 4.9% and herds’ level prevalence was 34%. Among the potential risk factors considered in the present study, breed of cattle, parity, production system, and breeding system had statistically significant association (p<0.05) with sero-positivity of bovine Brucellosis. Intensification of production system, introduction of exotic or cross-breeds and AI usage had found to have high risk of exposure for seropositivity of bovine Brucellosis (ORs=7.11, 12.18, 4.63, P=0.029, 0.0023, 0.035) respectively. Using questionnaire survey, a prevalence of abortion were 22.4% and 4.9% after 5th month of pregnancy and before 5th month of pregnancy respectively. And abortion after 5th month of pregnancy was significantly associated with sero-positivity bovine Brucellosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, there was an increase of sero-prevalence of bovine Brucellosis and the potential risk factors at both animal and herd level in the study area when compared with many reports before at the same study site as well as different regions of the country; therefore, further studies on isolation and strain characterization and appropriate control measures should be considered.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000164
Estela Hc, Alej, Rathod Rm, Manuel Vo, N. Wesolek, Guadalupe del Crj, Antonio Scm, R. Alain-Claude, Magda Cm, Víctor Ro
In tropical areas of Mexico and the world mycotoxin-producing fungi grow in some cereals such as corn. These fungi can contaminate corn with Aflatoxin B1 and subsequently be consumed by dairy cows, which metabolize it into Aflatoxin M1. This toxin is potentially carcinogenic for humans and it can be excreted by dairy cows into milk. Much of this milk is converted into cheese. It is therefore essential to assess the exposure of the population to this toxin through the consumption of cheese. Food intake data is the first step to assess exposure of contaminants through food consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design and implement questionnaires to determine the most consumed cheeses among Veracruz City population, consumption rates of these cheeses, as well as to determine the main factors influencing consumption patterns. The two methods used for data collection of the intake of cheeses were a Purchase Frequency Questionnaire and a 7-day food diary. The city of Veracruz is a good representation of the urban population of Mexico (552,156 inhabitants; 232.3 km2 of surface area). The questionnaires show that the average consumption rate was 50.9 g/person/day and 47.8 g/person/day for fresh and Oaxaca cheeses, respectively. The results of the Purchase Frequency Questionnaire and food diary were confirmed. The methodology used can be applied in other countries requiring not only the assessment risk of exposure to aflatoxin M1 but also other pollutants through cheese consumption.
{"title":"Consumption Data for the Main Cheeses (Mexican-Style Fresh and Oaxaca) for Dietary Exposure Assessment among the Population of Veracruz City, Mexico","authors":"Estela Hc, Alej, Rathod Rm, Manuel Vo, N. Wesolek, Guadalupe del Crj, Antonio Scm, R. Alain-Claude, Magda Cm, Víctor Ro","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical areas of Mexico and the world mycotoxin-producing fungi grow in some cereals such as corn. These fungi can contaminate corn with Aflatoxin B1 and subsequently be consumed by dairy cows, which metabolize it into Aflatoxin M1. This toxin is potentially carcinogenic for humans and it can be excreted by dairy cows into milk. Much of this milk is converted into cheese. It is therefore essential to assess the exposure of the population to this toxin through the consumption of cheese. Food intake data is the first step to assess exposure of contaminants through food consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design and implement questionnaires to determine the most consumed cheeses among Veracruz City population, consumption rates of these cheeses, as well as to determine the main factors influencing consumption patterns. The two methods used for data collection of the intake of cheeses were a Purchase Frequency Questionnaire and a 7-day food diary. The city of Veracruz is a good representation of the urban population of Mexico (552,156 inhabitants; 232.3 km2 of surface area). The questionnaires show that the average consumption rate was 50.9 g/person/day and 47.8 g/person/day for fresh and Oaxaca cheeses, respectively. The results of the Purchase Frequency Questionnaire and food diary were confirmed. The methodology used can be applied in other countries requiring not only the assessment risk of exposure to aflatoxin M1 but also other pollutants through cheese consumption.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-888X.1000164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000165
J. Ruoff, S. Borchardt, A. Mahrt, W. Heuwieser
Hyperketonemia is a common disease in early lactating dairy cows and diagnosed by measurement of blood β- hydroxybutyric acid. The objectives of our study were to describe the occurrence of hyperketonemia within the first six weeks of lactation and to evaluate the effects of hyperketonemia on milk production (1st test day milk yield and 100 DIM milk yield), reproductive performance (time to first service, first service conception risk, and time to pregnancy within 200 DIM) and early lactation culling risk. A total of 655 Holstein dairy cows from 6 commercial dairy farms in Germany were enrolled between 1 and 4 DIM. Cows were tested twice weekly using an electronic handheld meter for β-hydroxybutyric acid for an examination period of 42 days resulting in 12 test results per cow. Hyperketonemia was defined as a β- hydroxybutyric acid concentration ≥ 1.2 mmol/l. The onset of hyperketonemia was described as early onset (first hyperketonemia event within the first 2 weeks postpartum) and late onset (first hyperketonemia event in week 3 to 6 postpartum). Prevalence and incidence of hyperketonemia were assessed based on the 12 examinations. Cumulative incidence of hyperketonemia was 48% and 72% for primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. Mean prevalence was 17.5%. Early onset ketotic cows had a higher 1st test day milk yield (+3.0 kg/d, P<0.001) and 100 DIM milk production (+301.6 kg; P<0.001) compared to non-ketotic cows. There was no effect of late onset of ketosis on milk production. There were no effects of hyperketonemia on reproductive performance and culling risk, irrespective of onset of ketosis.
{"title":"Effects of Hyperketonemia within the First Six Weeks of Lactation on Milk Production and Reproductive Performance","authors":"J. Ruoff, S. Borchardt, A. Mahrt, W. Heuwieser","doi":"10.4172/2329-888X.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-888X.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperketonemia is a common disease in early lactating dairy cows and diagnosed by measurement of blood β- hydroxybutyric acid. The objectives of our study were to describe the occurrence of hyperketonemia within the first six weeks of lactation and to evaluate the effects of hyperketonemia on milk production (1st test day milk yield and 100 DIM milk yield), reproductive performance (time to first service, first service conception risk, and time to pregnancy within 200 DIM) and early lactation culling risk. A total of 655 Holstein dairy cows from 6 commercial dairy farms in Germany were enrolled between 1 and 4 DIM. Cows were tested twice weekly using an electronic handheld meter for β-hydroxybutyric acid for an examination period of 42 days resulting in 12 test results per cow. Hyperketonemia was defined as a β- hydroxybutyric acid concentration ≥ 1.2 mmol/l. The onset of hyperketonemia was described as early onset (first hyperketonemia event within the first 2 weeks postpartum) and late onset (first hyperketonemia event in week 3 to 6 postpartum). Prevalence and incidence of hyperketonemia were assessed based on the 12 examinations. Cumulative incidence of hyperketonemia was 48% and 72% for primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. Mean prevalence was 17.5%. Early onset ketotic cows had a higher 1st test day milk yield (+3.0 kg/d, P<0.001) and 100 DIM milk production (+301.6 kg; P<0.001) compared to non-ketotic cows. There was no effect of late onset of ketosis on milk production. There were no effects of hyperketonemia on reproductive performance and culling risk, irrespective of onset of ketosis.","PeriodicalId":90202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advances in dairy research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000163
F. Benyahia-Krid, O. Aissaoui-Zitoun, H. Boughellout, Faiza Adoui, A. Harkati, Cocou Rogatien Bakou, Denis Wodo, M. Zidoune
The calotropine, a vegetable coagulating enzyme, extracted from Calotropis procera of is very used in the preparation of traditional Peulh cheese. In this study, the fresh leaves of this vegetable were used to coagulate raw milk for the production of the fresh cheese Peulh type which was characterized by the physicochemical and sensory aspects. The results showed that this traditional cheese presented a total dry extract of 32.49%, pH 6.28, a lactic acidity of 0.14 p.cent, a protein content of 28.30% and a sweet whey with pH 5.90. The Peulh cheese making yield is 55.45% expressed on dry basis. The sensory aspects showed that it has a firm texture, elastic, not sticky, with a lactic odor and a lactic flavour and has an overall persistence in the mouth of about 15 seconds.
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Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000E131
Y. Park
Compositions of milk of mammalian species are affected by a variety of factors. Yield and composition of milk varies with species, diet, breed, season, locality, individual animals within breed, stage of lactation, parity, environmental conditions, feeding and management conditions, etc. [1-5]. The basic composition of goat milk is similar to that of cow milk.
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