BMC Psychiatry最新文献

Post-traumatic stress disorders are psychiatric disorders that arise after a traumatic event. They result in moral suffering and physical complications that profoundly alter personal, social and professional life. Our main objective was to study general practitioners (GP)' knowledge of psychotraumatism. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study whose data collection took place from January 15 to September 15, 2023 in Burkina Faso. GP practicing in Burkina Faso were included. The minimum number of subjects to be included was 422. A Google Form ^® questionnaire was administered to participants. Our study sample comprised 427 GP, 67% of whom were men (284/427). The mean age of the doctors was 32.4 ± 3.5 years. Doctors were married in 49% of cases (208/427) and single in 41% (174/427). Average professional experience was 3.8 ± 2.6 years. The largest number of GP (120) came from the Centre region. A minority of GP practiced in rural areas (7%). The majority of GP (63%) thought they had already dealt with a case of psychotraumatism. Our sample had received training in psychotraumatism during their medical studies in 26.9% of cases, and 17.8% had received continuing education. Considering the grading of GP' knowledge of psychotraumatism, 182 had an average score of 10 or above, i.e. 43% of our sample. Our study did not reveal any factors associated with better knowledge of psychotraumatism. A study on a larger population including nurses could enable us to better assess the level of knowledge in psychotraumatism.

Objective: To explore temporal changes in incidence of major psychiatric disorders across sociodemographic subgroups in Sweden.

Methods: This population-based open cohort study included all individuals born during 1958-1994 and residing in Sweden at any time during 2004-2019. We identified psychiatric disorders registered in inpatient and outpatient specialist care. We calculated person-years from the inclusion until diagnosis of psychiatric disorder of interest, death, emigration or December 31, 2019, whichever occurred first. Combining sex (female, male), education (low, medium, high) and immigration status (first- or second-generation immigrant, native), we created a variable with 18 strata. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were estimated using Joinpoint regression.

Results: A total of 5,051,875 individuals aged 25-61 years were followed for ≈ 56-58 million person-years. First-generation immigrants generally had lower overall ASIRs than second-generation and natives with more pronounced differences among persons with low education and females. While ASIRs of autism spectrum and other pervasive developmental disorders (AAPC 11.8%, 95% CI: 9.5, 15.8), as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders (18.8%, 16.6, 25.0) rose over time, other psychiatric disorders were stable or had decreasing temporal changes (AAPC ranged from 0% for substance use disorders to -5.7% for schizophrenia/acute and transient psychotic disorders). First-generation immigrants generally experienced more favourable changes (i.e. more decreases or less increases) in ASIRs and this was most evident among those with low education.

Conclusions: While incidence of psychiatric disorders in inpatient and outpatient specialist care generally declined during 2004-2019, there were important sociodemographic variations in temporal changes.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of short-term trauma stabilization techniques combined with escitalopram in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: A total of 80 patients with MDD who were hospitalized in the Psychosomatic Department of our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the escitalopram combined with short-term trauma stabilization technique group (study group) and the escitalopram combined with mental health education group (control group). Upon hospitalization, patients completed the adolescent self-rating life events check list (ASLEC), impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the IES-R, HAMD-17-17 and HAMA scores were reevaluated.

Results: There were no significant differences in the ASLEC, IES-R, HAMD-17 or HAMA scores between the two groups at admission. Compared with that of the control group, the IES-R score of the study group was significantly improved at the 2nd week of treatment (P < 0.01). By the 4th week of treatment, the IES-R scores in the study group had further improved compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, the HAMD-17 and HAMA scores in the study group were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Escitalopram combined with short-term trauma stabilization is more effective in the treatment of MDD than escitalopram with mental health education, warranting further exploration.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental diseases affecting children and adolescents all over the world. There is limited evidence on the magnitude of ADHD among children in the Southern Nation and Nationality region in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of ADHD among children aged 6-17 years in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch city from April 5 to May 5, 2023. A study included 520 participants. A multistage sampling followed by systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. The Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic DSM-IV criteria using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire with a face-to-face interview were used to assess the outcome. For data entry and analysis, Epi Info version 7 and STATA version 14 software were used, respectively. Variables with a p < 0.25 from the bivariate analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify statistically significant variables with a p-value of < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio presented the strength of the association with a 95% confidence interval.

Result: The prevalence of ADHD was found to be 9.77% (95% CI; 7.47-12.66) in Arbaminch city. Family history of mental illness (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.15-4.45), children with a history of previous mental health problems (AOR = 7.11; 95% CI: 1.66-30.41), children whose mothers used alcohol during pregnancy (AOR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.41-7.99), and children whose mothers smoked tobacco during their lifetime (AOR = 4.17; 95% CI: 1.05-16.89) were significantly associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Conclusion: According to this study, one in ten children in Arbaminch City, Ethiopia, is diagnosed with ADHD. Key predictors of ADHD include a prior history of mental illness in the child, maternal smoking, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and a family history of mental disorders. Consequently, children with previous mental health issues and those from families with a history of mental illness should receive special attention. Additionally, expectant mothers must be informed about the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption on fetal development.

Objective: This study investigates the association between the Weekend Warrior (WW) pattern and the risk of anxiety among American adults, offering insights into a more flexible exercise strategy for individuals with limited time for regular exercise during weekdays.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between different physical activity (PA) patterns and the risk of anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup interaction, restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS), and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess this association.

Results: Compared to inactive individuals, those engaging in WW pattern (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.90, p = 0.010), insufficiently active (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62-0.82, p < 0.001), or regularly active pattern (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65-0.87, p < 0.001) showed significantly lower risk of anxiety. Subgroup interaction analyses revealed significant effect modification in the poverty income ratio (PIR) and diabetes subgroups (P for interaction < 0.05), while no significant interactions were observed for other variables. RCS analysis showed a significant nonlinear relationship between recreational moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity and risk of anxiety (P for nonlinear < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the stability of the findings.

Conclusion: The WW pattern was associated with a lower risk of anxiety. For individuals unable to exercise consistently throughout the week, the WW pattern offers a practical alternative for reducing the risk of anxiety, particularly among those with lower income levels or diabetes.

Background: An increasing body of evidence highlights the utility of examining adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) utilizing person-centered analytical approaches, particularly for understanding the organization and co-occurrence of ACEs, and their contributions to risk, vulnerability, and the development of intervention efforts.

Methods: In the first study of its kind, this paper uses Latent Class Analysis, to assess ACEs among a large community sample in Abu Dhabi, capital city of the United Arab Emirates, by examining patterns of ACEs and their associated impact on health, mental health, behavioral risk, and adult psychological function in a cross-sectional sample of 922 members of the Abu Dhabi community.

Results: Findings support a 3-class solution, representing low-to-no ACEs, Household ACEs, and Violence ACEs among this sample, with variability in the age, sex, and nationality status reflected across classes. ACE categories notably differentiated later adult risk for a suite of diagnoses of health and mental health disorders, risk for elevated screening values for depression, anxiety and stress, and a range of adult risk-related behaviors.

Conclusion: These findings are considered in line with the extant literature and form the basis of considerable public health policy and intervention planning in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates, and the Arab region.

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are the main causes of death in persons with severe mental illness (SMI), highlighting the need to improve management of cardiovascular risk factors in both primary and specialized health care. The "Healthy Heart Tool" aims at helping health care workers to identify persons at risk, and to initiate proper interventions. Here we investigate if the recommendations in the Healthy Heart Tool are followed one year after implementation and whether implementation of the tool improved cardiometabolic risk factors in SMI.

Methods: Data from 270 individuals with SMI from six Norwegian hospitals were collected at baseline and at 12 months after implementation of the Healthy Heart Tool throughout the health care services. Changes from baseline to 12 months follow-up were analyzed using chi-square and independent t-tests, whereas implementation effects were analyzed using logistic general linear mixed models.

Results: After implementing the Healthy Heart Tool, significantly more persons received dietary advice and/or salt restriction advice (75.5% vs. 84.8%, p = 0.035). After controlling for Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 and sex, there was an odds ratio (OR) of 8.9 (95% CI 1.42-55.77) for receiving dietary advice and/or advice on salt reduction. There was a significant reduction (p = 0.016) in numbers of participants with high levels of total serum cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/ (54.4% vs. 46.3%).

Conclusions: Implementing the Healthy Heart Tool can increase awareness of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with SMI. The intervention increased the proportion of individuals who received dietary and salt reduction advice and decreased the proportion of individuals with high cholesterol levels. However, due to the small numbers, these results should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that the Healthy Heart Tool may be an effective means for improving the management of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with SMI in typical clinical settings.

Trial registrations: The trial was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov 29.01.25, ID NCT06807242.

Introduction: Mental illnesses have a high prevalence among elderly patients. It is estimated that half of the elderly do not utilize the psychiatric care that they need. Paying attention to patient preferences can improve treatment adherence and patient outcomes. This study aims to qualitatively identify the preferences of elderly patients hospitalized in the psychiatric wards of hospitals regarding their inpatient psychiatric treatments.

Method: This qualitative study was conducted at Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The study sample included patients in the age range of 60 years or above who had already been hospitalized due to diagnosed psychiatric diseases. Twenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted from March to September 2023. A thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Results: The study extracted three overarching themes, including patients' preferences regarding hospital features, patients' preferences regarding hospital staff, and patients' preferences regarding service delivery.

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that elderly patients consider different preferences when choosing inpatient psychiatric services. The findings provide new insights for decision-makers and health providers in designing and implementing psychiatric treatments by considering elderly patients' preferences, which in turn might help improve treatment outcomes and increase patient satisfaction.

Background: In university students with depressive symptoms, inhibitory control dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments, yet they are not adequately addressed in current therapies. This study aims to investigate the intervention effect of an 8-week Taekwondo exercise program on inhibitory control in individuals with depressive symptoms.

Methods: A total of 41 university students with depressive symptoms were randomly divided into a Taekwondo group and a control group. The Taekwondo group participated in an 8-week intervention. Behavioral and ERP measures were collected before and after the intervention during a response inhibition task.

Results: 1.The 8-week Taekwondo exercise intervention significantly improved depressive symptoms in the exercise group (P < 0.05), while depressive symptoms in the control group worsened, although the difference was not statistically significant;2.The results from the behavioral task showed a statistically significant difference in accuracy between the Taekwondo group and the control group in the Go condition during the post-test stage (P < 0.05). In the Nogo condition, there was also a significant difference in accuracy between the two groups (P < 0.05). Notably, only the Taekwondo group exhibited a significant improvement in Nogo condition accuracy from pre-test to post-test (P < 0.001);3.The event-related potential (ERP) results revealed a significant time × group interaction effect for N2 amplitude, F(1, 39) = 4.821, P = 0.034, ƞ_p²=0.110. Additionally, there was a significant condition × electrode interaction effect, F(3, 117) = 18.368, P < 0.001, ƞ_p²= 0.320. For N2 latency, the time × group interaction effect was significant, F(1, 39) = 13.028, P < 0.001, ƞ_p²=0.250, and a significant time × condition × electrode interaction effect was also observed, F(3, 117) = 3.199, P = 0.026, ƞ_p² = 0.076.

Conclusion: Regular moderate-intensity Taekwondo exercise can effectively improve response inhibition in university students with depressive symptoms, along with improvements in depressive symptoms. The changes in N2 amplitude and latency at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites under task conditions may represent the cognitive neural processing mechanism through which Taekwondo enhances response inhibition in students with depressive symptoms.

Background: Repetitive and restrictive behaviors (RRB) include simple motor stereotypes, tics and complex ritualized and rigid behaviors that are core symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome (TS) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sensory phenomena (SP) are uncomfortable feelings, including bodily sensations, sense of inner tension, "just-right" perceptions, feelings of incompleteness, or "urge-only" phenomena, which have been described to precede, trigger, or accompany RRB. In such clinical contexts RRB and SP may be considered common variables that affect multiple aspects of daily functioning and are treatment targets.

Objective: This study aims to further understand RRB and SP phenomenology in children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD, TS or ASD and identify whether specific RRB or SP can distinguish these groups.

Methods: We assessed RRB and SP in participants aged between 6 and 17 with a main diagnosis of OCD (n = 23), TS (n = 19), or ASD (n = 21) with the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) and The University of Sao Paulo-Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS).

Results: The RBS-R mean was 17.3 ± 14.9 with no group differences for total RBS-R symptom severity, except for the routine subscale (OCD > ASD, p = 0.03). Ninety percent of participants showed at least one type of SP on the USP-SPS with a mean total severity of 5.3 ± 3.8, with no statistical differences between groups. The most frequent SP subtype was physical sensations (68.4%).

Conclusion: RRB and SP are transdiagnostic features in neurodevelopmental disorders and the RBS-R and the USP-SPS might be useful in their assessment and treatment plan.