BMC Psychiatry最新文献

Background: In recent decades, efforts have been made to define and understand hope in health care, particularly in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. Given the contextual nature of hope, this article aimed to map the available scientific evidence on hope in mental health and psychiatric nursing.

Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used for scoping reviews. The following inclusion criteria were used: studies with adults (≥ 18 years) with a mental illness, family members/carers or nurses who addressed the concept of hope in the context of mental health and psychiatric nursing. The search process was carried out between March and December 2023, and the CINAHL database was searched via EBSCOhost, MEDLINE via PubMed and via EBSCOhost, PsycArticles and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. The articles that met the inclusion criteria were analysed in full, and the data were recorded in a document adapted from the JBI extraction tool. The data were searched, analysed, and synthesized by 5 independent reviewers.

Results: This review included 43 articles. Several themes were identified, including the meaning of hope, hope assessment instruments, hope-promoting interventions, objects of hope for both caregivers and people with mental illness, inhibiting factors and consequences of hope.

Conclusions: Hope is fundamental in mental health and psychiatric nursing care. Hope has been mainly approached from the patient's perspective. Studies on hope of family carers and mental health nurses are still limited. Despite the recognition of the role of mental health nurses in maintaining and managing hope, additional evidence is needed on how to promote hope in specialized practice. These results open new perspectives for research and training for mental health professionals.

Background: Panic disorder (PD) significantly impacts individuals' daily lives and overall well-being. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold standard for PD treatment, there is a growing interest in brief interventions to improve accessibility and reduce treatment burden. This study explored the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a brief, four-session CBT intervention for PD, grounded in an intention-focused approach. The treatment emphasized modifying patients' intentions underlying avoidance and safety behaviors during exposure tasks, aiming to enhance engagement and therapeutic effect.

Methods: This naturalistic effectiveness study involved 27 patients from the Norwegian Specialist Health Care clinic who were referred for PD treatment. Participants received the Bergen Repeated One-Session Treatment (BrOST), a brief, intention-focused cognitive behavioral intervention delivered in four individual sessions over a period of two to three weeks. Standardized self-report measures were administered to assess the severity of panic symptoms, general anxiety, depressive symptoms, and treatment satisfaction.

Results: The treatment resulted in significant reductions in PD severity from pretreatment to one week posttreatment, with sustained improvements at three months. There were also notable reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression. High levels of treatment satisfaction were reported by the patients. These findings suggest that the BrOST could be a promising alternative to traditional CBT protocols.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the BrOST may be a promising brief CBT intervention for individuals with PD. Larger and more controlled studies are warranted.

Trial registration: The study was reviewed by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics Northern Norway, REK North (REK Midt 2023/ 701114).