BMC Public Health最新文献

Background: Current malaria vaccination efforts target infants from 5 months of age; however, adult malaria mortality remains a significant and under-reported issue in high-transmission settings. Concerns are emerging that COVID-19-related vaccine hesitancy may extend to upcoming vaccines, including hypothetical ones such as a malaria vaccine for adults. This study investigates both shared and vaccine-specific determinants of malaria vaccination intention, comparing them with those influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2023 among 795 adults residing in the rural area of Niakhar, Senegal. The Health Belief Model served as the analytical framework to identify determinants of vaccination behaviours and intentions. A multivariable bivariate probit model was used to jointly assess factors associated with favourable intentions to receive a hypothetical adult malaria vaccine and actual uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results: Among surveyed participants, 35.6% had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, and 58.6% expressed favourable intentions to receive a malaria vaccine, assuming it were available and free of charge. COVID-19-vaccinated individuals were 60% (p < 0.001) more likely to report favourable intentions to receive a malaria vaccine. In the multivariable probit model, perceived disease severity was more strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, whereas perceived disease susceptibility more strongly predicted favourable intentions to receive a malaria vaccine. Women were more likely to support malaria vaccination (p = 0.005), while adults aged 59 years and older had higher rates of COVID-19 vaccination (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that although some determinants are vaccine-specific, most are shared across vaccines. The results offer actionable insights to guide future malaria vaccination strategies. Further research in urban settings and across diverse countries is warranted to enhance understanding of cross-vaccine perceptions and to inform targeted communication efforts.

Background: The benefits of physical activity for health and well-being are well-documented. However, the quality of exercise motivation may be an important boundary condition. Building on the Self-Determination Theory, we explore how exercise motivation is associated with well-being outcomes.

Methods: 335 adults completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Exercise motivation was assessed using the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3). Cluster analysis was performed to identify motivational profiles. Mean differences in basic psychological needs, physical activity levels, subjective well-being, subjective health, and BMI were investigated for the observed motivational profiles.

Results: Four motivational clusters were identified based on the degree of controlled and autonomous motivation. Those profiles with high autonomous motivation report higher physical activity levels, but those with coexisting controlled motivation experience less well-being benefits, as they report worse subjective health and more negative affect than those without coexisting controlled motivation.

Conclusion: Building on the Self-Determination Theory, this study demonstrates that the quality of exercise motivation matters, as controlled motivation is associated with lower well-being and seems to offset the beneficial associations of autonomous motivation. We argue that the quality of exercise motivation should be considered in the context of well-being, in order to guarantee beneficial outcomes.

Background: Unintended pregnancy is common with unprotected sexual intercourse. Women living with HIV (WLH) are more likely to have unintended pregnancies with implications for vertical HIV transmission and negative health outcomes. Hence, there is a need to investigate unplanned pregnancy among WLH in an HIV burdened state in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among WLH in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods: Between June and August 2024, we conducted a cross-sectional study in four purposively selected health facilities. We asked 893 WLH if they had ever been pregnant when they did not want to and analyzed the data using SPSS version 29. We assessed factors associated with unintended pregnancy using logistic regression.

Results: The WLH were on average 33.9 years old. About 61% were on modern contraceptives, mainly male condoms (37.6%). Unintended pregnancy was 49.2%; it was more common among those with increasing religiosity level (AOR: 1.239; 95% CI: 1.099-1.396), those who did not engage in transactional sex in the past year (AOR: 8.660; 95% CI: 2.338-32.079), and those without a history of miscarriage (AOR: 3.866; 95% CI: 1.583-9.445). Lastly, WLH with higher household incomes were less likely to report unintended pregnancy (AOR: 0.177; 95% CI: 0.042-0.738).

Conclusion: Unintended pregnancy was high among WLH. Stakeholders must educate WLH and sensitize religious leaders about the need to encourage modern contraceptive use to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy among WLH. These findings have implications for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and maternal deaths, of which Nigeria has one of the highest rates globally.

Background: Jordan is a low-to-middle income country in the Middle East that reports one of the highest smoking rates among males globally, with 90% of males initiating smoking by the age of 24. However, little is known about the in-depth viewpoints of young males surrounding their smoking initiation and interest in cessation. This study sought to identify the perceptions of young Jordanian adult males who smoke and generate relevant statements that can inform future psychosocial measurement tools and studies involving young male adult smokers in Jordan and the Middle Eastern Region.

Methods: A Q-methodology study design was used. An initial set of statements was developed by reviewing the published literature and then piloted. Each statement was rated based on its clarity and relevance to the experiences of a small group of young Jordanian smokers. Piloting resulted in the refinement of statements. The final Q-sample (Q-statements) was composed of 94 statements related to smoking and cessation perspectives. 35 male smokers completed the Q-sorting exercise.

Findings: Three factors were extracted: the in-control viewpoint, the health-conscious viewpoint, and the emotional/affect regulation viewpoint.

Conclusion: Our findings offer insights regarding smoking initiation and continuation in a group of smokers driving the highest rates of smoking in Jordan.