BMC Public Health最新文献

Online family drug prevention programs have been shown to affect the behavior of children and adolescents. This study presents the formative evaluation results of the online implementation of Familias Fortes, a Brazilian-adapted version of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10-14). A total of 31 families participated in the evaluation, and data were collected from 74 observations, 64 fidelity forms, 20 focus groups, and 16 semi-structured interviews in groups located in five cities with a total of 113 participants. The evaluation focused on three outcomes: fidelity, appropriateness, and feasibility. Low fidelity was observed, with videos and audio content not consistently sent as planned, although most core elements were maintained. The program's appropriateness showed good accessibility and utilization of video content by participants, but confidentiality was lacking in adolescent meetings. Feasibility analysis revealed challenges related to poor internet access, malfunctioning of facilitator cameras, issues with time management and internal organization of institutions, and insufficient facilitator training. Specific problematic activities were identified, and recommendations for improvement were made. This included enhancing internet connectivity, developing a new manual specific to the online format, improving time management for facilitators, providing more interactive facilitator training, and considering a hybrid format. Adaptations for the aforementioned difficulties are needed before an online version of Familias Fortes could be disseminated in Brazil as a pilot model.

Background: Accessibility is a key indicator for assessing the spatial configuration of elderly care institutions (ECIs). Identification of its spatial disparities is crucial for improving resource allocation efficiency and promoting healthy aging. However, existing accessibility evaluations have insufficient modeling precision in terms of adapting to dynamic traffic conditions and the actual needs of elderly people.

Methods: This study introduces a novel approach by integrating real-time navigation data, the elderly's preferences, and traditional accessibility evaluations to analyse the accessibility of ECIs at district and street-scale spatial units in Fuzhou, China. Using interpolation, trend, and cluster analyses in ArcGIS and SPSS software, we further identified the spatial disparity characteristics of elderly care institution accessibility.

Results: The results show that the current spatial distribution of ECIs does not adequately align with the demand distribution of elderly populations. This is manifested in several ways: (1) inefficient allocation of elderly care resources, as evidenced by the fact that while the central areas and their surroundings offer a greater number of accessible ECIs, these areas also have a higher elderly population densities and generally longer service access times; (2) significant spatial disparities in elderly care institution accessibility with polarized characteristics: central areas characterized by intensive development exhibit markedly higher accessibility compared to peripheral areas; (3) mismatches between supply and demand (i.e., accessibility of ECIs and elderly population) in certain urban local areas, specifically within and around central areas, as well as certain coastal areas.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for implementing differentiated planning strategies and policy interventions to ensure a more equitable distribution of ECIs. The proposed method in this study provides urban planners and policymakers with a more refined scientific tool for effectively assessing the accessibility of ECIs, identifying shortcomings in resource allocation, and creating more age-friendly living environments. This approach can be adapted to support healthy aging initiatives in diverse urban contexts.

Introduction: childhood poisoning is considered a major health problems. In order to prevent child poisoning, providing general education to society may be effective in reducing these types of childhood accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the attitude of mothers regarding childhood poisoning prevention in Tehran, Iran, using the protection motivation theory.

Method: This study was of a quasi-experimental design. 129 mothers with children aged 1 to 6 years who were referred to selected comprehensive urban health service centers in the city of Tehran were divided into two intervention and control groups by cluster-random sampling method. 64 people were in the intervention group and 65 people were in the control group. Willingness to participate in the study, having at least one child between 1 and 6 years old, having a smart cell phone, mother's literacy, having a health record in the selected centers were the study inclusion criteria; and on the other hand, not completing answer to the questionnaire, leaving the study at any time, not participating in at least one training session were the exclusion criteria in this study. Educational content based on protection motivation theory was implemented for mothers in the form of two 10-15-minutes educational video sessions and one discussion session virtually. Questionnaires were completed by mothers before, immediately after and one month after the educational intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software in two sections, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Results: The intervention and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics were the same. The mean score of perceived sensitivity and self-efficacy constructs after the educational intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group rather than in the control group (p < 0.05). Also, the difference in the scores of other protection motivation theory constructs (perceived severity, fear, response efficacy and response cost) in the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory on the attitude of mothers with 1-6-year-old children against child poisoning. Therefore, using this theory for making educational programs in health treatment centers could be useful to change the performance of mothers in preventing of poisoning in children at home.