BMC Public Health最新文献

Introduction: The preconception period is an opportunity to address health-related behaviours to optimise pregnancy and child health outcomes. However, preconception health research and practice are primarily focused on females while similar attention on males remains underdeveloped. To address evidence gaps and inform effective paternal preconception health support, the aim of this systematic review was to identify the health beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of males toward pregnancy planning and preconception health and care.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in seven databases: Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify original research regarding pregnancy planning or preconception health beliefs, attitudes, and/or intentions among generally healthy adult males. Methodological rigour of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Qualitative Studies checklist.

Results: Nine studies were included; cross sectional studies (n=6); a qualitative exploratory case study (n=1); a mixed method study (n=1) and a study incorporating qualitative and quantitative surveys (n=1). Analysis identified three broad themes: 1) Importance of Preconception Health and Care; 2) Paternal Preconception Behaviours; and 3) Inequalities in Preconception Health and Preconception Care. Findings reveal 1) Many males did not attend a preconception care consultation and believed it was not needed, or they already knew enough about a healthy pregnancy. 2) Males often agreed that smoking and alcohol consumption can affect the quality of their sperm and sometimes agreed it is important to consume a healthy preconception diet and to be physically active to achieve a healthy weight before conception. 3) For many males, there was a tendency to direct a greater level of responsibility to the female than to themselves regarding preconception health. African American males can feel marginalised.

Conclusion: Males do not always opt for a preconception consultation and many believe they are adequately prepared for a healthy pregnancy. Further, many males place a greater level of responsibility for planning and preparing for pregnancy on their partners rather than themselves. Further research focused upon male experiences and perspectives around preconception health is needed to inform targeted preconception health education, policy and care.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive function, sleep duration, and headache among middle-aged and elderly populations, providing epidemiological evidence for understanding these relationships.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 13,117 participants. Univariate analyses were performed using chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the associations of cognitive ability and sleep duration with headache. Nonlinear relationships and threshold effects were examined using restricted cubic spline (RCS) models and two-stage linear regression.

Results: The overall prevalence of headache was 18.76%, with a higher rate in females (25.56%) than in males (12.40%). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that, compared to excellent cognitive ability, poor cognitive ability was associated with increased odds of headache (OR = 1.352, 95% CI: 1.162-1.574). Similarly, compared to short sleep duration (< 6 h), moderate (6-8 h; OR = 0.569) and long (≥ 8 h; OR = 0.528) sleep durations were associated with reduced odds. A significant interaction was observed between sex and sleep duration (P = 0.036), but not between sex and cognitive ability (P = 0.695). RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped association between cognitive ability and headache, and a U-shaped association between sleep duration and headache in the overall population. Sex-stratified analyses indicated approximately linear associations in males, but distinct nonlinear patterns in females.

Conclusion: Cognitive impairment and short sleep duration were associated with headache, with the associations varying by sex. These findings highlight the importance of considering these factors together in future research on headache management.

Background: Innovative data integration may serve to inform rapid, local responses to community needs. We conducted a mixed methods pilot study among communities of color or low-income in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the COVID-19 pandemic to assess a hypothesized data model to inform rapid response efforts.

Methods: Between 2020-2021, we collected (1) qualitative data through neighborhood reports submitted via Streetwyze, a mobile neighborhood mapping platform; (2) survey data on social and economic circumstances; and (3) geospatial data among residents of three counties. Qualitative data were coded and then integrated with survey and geospatial data. We used descriptive analyses to examine participants' experiences with food in their neighborhoods.

Results: Among 51 participants, seventy percent of participants reported food insecurity before and after the pandemic began in March 2020. Within neighborhood reports, food was the most frequently occurring sub-theme within the Goods and Resources parent themes (68% and 49% of reports, respectively). Security (88%), resource programs (88%), outdoor space (84%), and equity (83%) were more likely to be mentioned by participants who were food insecure compared to those who were not (12%, 12%, 16%, 17%, respectively). Mentions of food in neighborhood reports more often occurred in census tracts with lower socioeconomic status and more area-level food insecurity.

Conclusion: Individuals who were food insecure reported a constellation of needs beyond food, including needs related to safety and greater social equity. Our data model illustrates the potential for rapid assessment of community residents' experiences to provide enhanced understanding of community-level needs and effective support in the face of changing circumstances.