BMC Proceedings最新文献

The first conference of the Vaccination Acceptance Research Network, VARN2022: Shaping Global Vaccine Acceptance with Localized Knowledge, was held virtually, from March 1^st to 3^rd 2022. This inaugural event brought together a global representation of experts to discuss key priorities and opportunities emerging across the ecosystem of vaccine acceptance and demand, from policies to programs and practice. Convened by the Sabin Vaccine Institute, VARN aims to support dialogue among multidisciplinary stakeholders to enhance the uptake of social and behavioral science-based solutions for vaccination decision-makers and implementers. The conference centered around four key themes: 1) Understanding vaccine acceptance and its drivers; 2) One size does not fit all: community- and context-specific approaches to increase vaccine acceptance and demand; 3) Fighting the infodemic and harnessing social media for good; and 4) Frameworks, data integrity and evaluation of best practices. Across the conference, presenters and participants considered the drivers of and strategies to increase vaccine acceptance and demand relating to COVID-19 vaccination and other vaccines across the life-course and across low-, middle- and high-income settings. VARN2022 provided a wealth of evidence from around the world, highlighting the need for human-centered, multi-sectoral and transdisciplinary approaches to improve vaccine acceptance and demand. This report summarizes insights from the diverse presentations and discussions held at VARN2022, which will form a roadmap for future research, policy making, and interventions to improve vaccine acceptance and demand globally.

Although the cardiovascular (CV) polypill concept is not new and several guidelines state that a CV polypill should be considered an integral part of a comprehensive CV disease (CVD) prevention strategy, there are still some barriers to its implementation in the real-world setting, mainly in secondary CV prevention. As the CNIC-polypill is the only one approved for secondary CV prevention in patients with atherosclerotic CVD in 27 countries worldwide, a panel of four discussants and 30 participants from 18 countries conveyed in a virtual meeting on April 21, 2022, to discuss key clinical questions regarding the practical use of the CNIC-Polypill and barriers to its implementation.Data presented showed that, although the use of the CV polypill is not explicitly mentioned in the current 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on CVD prevention, it may be used in any patient for secondary CVD prevention tolerating all their components to improve outcomes through different aspects. The favourable results of the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly (SECURE) trial now reinforce this recommendation. The panellists presented algorithms on how to switch from any baseline regimen when starting treatment with the CNIC-polypill in different situations, including patients with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and a previous CV event; at discharge after a cardiovascular event; in chronic ischemic conditions; and in cases of polypharmacy. The panellists and expert discussants did agree that available studies conducted so far with the CNIC-polypill demonstrate that it is as efficacious as the monocomponents, equipotent drugs, or other therapies; reduces the risk of experiencing recurrent major CV events; improves medication adherence; reduces health care costs and resources compared to patients treated with loose drugs; and the patients prefer it over the multipill strategy.In conclusion, the data presented by the participants provided the evidence behind the use of the CNIC-polypill to help fulfil the goal of encouraging its adoption by physicians.

Data is an essential tool for valid and reliable healthcare management. Access to high-quality data is critical to ensuring the early identification of problems, the design of appropriate interventions, and the effective implementation and evaluation of health intervention outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for strong information systems and the value of producing high-quality data for timely response and tracking resources and progress have been very evident across countries. The availability of and access to high-quality data at all levels of the health systems of low and middle-income countries is a challenge, which is exacerbated by multiple parallels and poorly integrated data sources, a lack of data-sharing standards and policy frameworks, their weak enforcement, and inadequate skills among those handling data. Completeness, accuracy, integrity, validity, and timeliness are challenges to data availability and use. "Big Data" is a necessity and a challenge in the current complexities of health systems. In transitioning to digital systems with proper data standards and policy frameworks for privacy protection, data literacy, ownership, and data use at all levels of the health system, skill enhancement of the staff is critical. Adequate funding for strengthening routine information systems and periodic surveys and research, and reciprocal partnerships between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries in data generation and use, should be prioritized by the low- and middle-income countries to foster evidence-based healthcare practices.

It is estimated that up to 1 in 20 people in the United States are affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive, emotional, physical and social disorders caused by exposure to alcohol during prenatal development. Common diagnoses encompassed within FASD include mood and behavioral disorders, memory and central nervous system deficits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), slow growth and low body weight. While this condition affects a broad range of individuals and families, it is of particular concern in the military community, where cultural factors including an increased prevalence of alcohol misuse pose a unique set of challenges. To shed light on these issues and provide an overview of the existing research, programs, and clinical practice guidelines surrounding FASD, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), in conjunction with FASD United, hosted the Workshop on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevention and Clinical Guidelines Research on 21 September 2022 in Washington, DC. More than 50 attendees from academia, healthcare, federal agencies, and consumer advocacy organizations gathered to share research findings, lived experiences, and strategies for improving FASD prevention, diagnosis, interventions, and support.The workshop began with a series of presentations on FASD risk factors and causes, strategies for diagnosis and interventions, and impacts and lived experiences. Individuals and families affected by FASD spoke about the ways FASD, its symptoms, and the social stigma associated with it influences their daily lives, experiences at school and work, and access to healthcare. Several speakers highlighted the work of non-profit organizations and advocacy groups in supporting families affected by FASD and other challenges faced by military families more broadly. The workshop closed with a discussion of federal agency perspectives highlighting initiatives aimed at advancing research and access to care for women and families at-risk and those currently affected by FASD.