Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000186
M. Hocaoğlu
Agent-driven Simulation Framework-AdSiF provides a declarative scripting agent programming language. Stateoriented programming paradigm combined with multi-programming paradigms is at the background of script, which allows programming by extended state charts. Aspect-oriented programming paradigm draws a solution background related with scattered codes, scattered requirements and tangled requirements. While object-oriented programming paradigm gives a vertical software design, aspect orientation enhances this vertically deep design by horizontal association. Aspect-oriented programming paradigm, which is one of the components of AdSiF’s state oriented programming paradigm, provides a solution by a loosely-coupled script description to the problems mentioned. For this purpose, states and behaviours, which satisfy scattered requirements, are distributed to behaviour’s and behaviour lists, respectively and behaviour phase transitions based on behaviours and active states are allowed. In addition to all, Furthermore, in simulation and agent programming world, the solution provides a solution by shifting modelling aspects conditionally in run time for conceptually different modelling requirements and also tangled requirements. The solution carries aspect oriented programming from design time to execution time and provides a dynamically manageable, flexible, loosely coupled and high coherent design.
{"title":"Aspect Oriented Programming Perspective in Software Agents and Simulation","authors":"M. Hocaoğlu","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-driven Simulation Framework-AdSiF provides a declarative scripting agent programming language. Stateoriented programming paradigm combined with multi-programming paradigms is at the background of script, which allows programming by extended state charts. Aspect-oriented programming paradigm draws a solution background related with scattered codes, scattered requirements and tangled requirements. While object-oriented programming paradigm gives a vertical software design, aspect orientation enhances this vertically deep design by horizontal association. Aspect-oriented programming paradigm, which is one of the components of AdSiF’s state oriented programming paradigm, provides a solution by a loosely-coupled script description to the problems mentioned. For this purpose, states and behaviours, which satisfy scattered requirements, are distributed to behaviour’s and behaviour lists, respectively and behaviour phase transitions based on behaviours and active states are allowed. In addition to all, Furthermore, in simulation and agent programming world, the solution provides a solution by shifting modelling aspects conditionally in run time for conceptually different modelling requirements and also tangled requirements. The solution carries aspect oriented programming from design time to execution time and provides a dynamically manageable, flexible, loosely coupled and high coherent design.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87194882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000185
Ilias Giannopoulos, A. Exadaktylos
The car is rightly considered one of the greatest inventions of mankind. From its early start it was a sign of technological progress that throughout the years drastically transformed itself but also our way of life. Although the car as an object has been radically revamped through the years, the whole notion of motor transportation remains stable. The car actually means freedom. As Professor Dr. Cotten Seiler points out “Cars have, from the very beginning, represented more than just transportation, cars have historically represented the freedom to go places, to make choices and to pursue many paths. Every driver has the opportunity to be mobile and unrestricted”. In addition car means practicality since actually it shortens distance to job, to the super market, to social visits, to the doctor. The car is one of the most important pillars of our social culture. However do new/modern cars offer freedom to every citizen?
{"title":"Modern Technology on Automobiles and How to Turn Them into Safeguards of Senior Citizen Drivers: A Review of the Literature and Personal Outlook","authors":"Ilias Giannopoulos, A. Exadaktylos","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"The car is rightly considered one of the greatest inventions of mankind. From its early start it was a sign of technological progress that throughout the years drastically transformed itself but also our way of life. Although the car as an object has been radically revamped through the years, the whole notion of motor transportation remains stable. The car actually means freedom. As Professor Dr. Cotten Seiler points out “Cars have, from the very beginning, represented more than just transportation, cars have historically represented the freedom to go places, to make choices and to pursue many paths. Every driver has the opportunity to be mobile and unrestricted”. In addition car means practicality since actually it shortens distance to job, to the super market, to social visits, to the doctor. The car is one of the most important pillars of our social culture. However do new/modern cars offer freedom to every citizen?","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72995051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-05DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000184
A. Krishna
In general, Population and other forms of data for different states and times in India are taken from census data which will be taken for every 10 years. This data may have spatial autocorrelation which is characterized by a correlation in a signal among nearby locations in space. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than onedimensional autocorrelation because spatial correlation is multi-dimensional and multi-directional. Thus in this work a model is being used to study population data for its spatial and temporal characteristics. Before the model being considered, the data will be initially studied for its relevance in spatial analysis problem. Once the problem is satisfied for its spatial autocorrelation characteristics, the model is used to generate coefficients from available census data, which will be used to generate data within 10 years span and for future predictions.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis Model for Estimation of Population and Other Census Data in India for Forecasts in Demographic, Social and Economic Arena","authors":"A. Krishna","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"In general, Population and other forms of data for different states and times in India are taken from census data which will be taken for every 10 years. This data may have spatial autocorrelation which is characterized by a correlation in a signal among nearby locations in space. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than onedimensional autocorrelation because spatial correlation is multi-dimensional and multi-directional. Thus in this work a model is being used to study population data for its spatial and temporal characteristics. Before the model being considered, the data will be initially studied for its relevance in spatial analysis problem. Once the problem is satisfied for its spatial autocorrelation characteristics, the model is used to generate coefficients from available census data, which will be used to generate data within 10 years span and for future predictions.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82229827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-10DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000182
S. Johnston
Over eight million adults are diagnosed with PTSD(Posttraumatic stress disorder) each year. There are a number of causes, from childhood trauma to experiences that were had in the military. Traditionally, exposure therapy is used to treat the disorder, where patients recount and visualise their traumas in an attempt to treat it and remove the trauma. Virtual reality uses the same form of treatment, but it offers a more realistic and visual world. The scenarios are played out on the screen, immersing the patient [4]. They are then asked to narrate what is happening. The patient is able to stop at any time, just like in regular therapy.
{"title":"Virtual Reality as New Media is Revolutionary","authors":"S. Johnston","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Over eight million adults are diagnosed with PTSD(Posttraumatic stress disorder) each year. There are a number of causes, from childhood trauma to experiences that were had in the military. Traditionally, exposure therapy is used to treat the disorder, where patients recount and visualise their traumas in an attempt to treat it and remove the trauma. Virtual reality uses the same form of treatment, but it offers a more realistic and visual world. The scenarios are played out on the screen, immersing the patient [4]. They are then asked to narrate what is happening. The patient is able to stop at any time, just like in regular therapy.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80069656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-08DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000183
Isaac Kofi Nti, Eric Gymfi, Owusu Nyarko
Data and network security is one among the foremost necessary factors in today’s business world. In recent, businesses and firms like financial institutions, law firms, schools, health sectors, telecommunications, mining and a number of government agencies want a strategic security technique of managing its data. Organizations managing bigger monetary information, bio-data and alternative relevant info are losing its valuable information or data at rest, in usage or in motion to unauthorized parties or competitors as a result of activities of hackers. Organizations are losing millions of dollars as a result of unprotected data that gets into the hands of malicious persons. Data protection in an organization has become vital in today’s business. In order to possess secure information, this information should be protected in order that although malicious persons get access to the info, it becomes wealthless and useless to them. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), could be a scientific discipline rule that may be used for secured data and communication in an organization, it uses same key that's isobilateral key for transmission additionally as reception. The AES rule is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits, this paper implement AES block cipher of 256-bits and 256-bit key size, developed with C# as a front-end client machine and MS SQL used for the database as a back-end machine.
{"title":"Implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm with Key Length of 256 Bits for Preventing Data Loss in an Organization","authors":"Isaac Kofi Nti, Eric Gymfi, Owusu Nyarko","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Data and network security is one among the foremost necessary factors in today’s business world. In recent, businesses and firms like financial institutions, law firms, schools, health sectors, telecommunications, mining and a number of government agencies want a strategic security technique of managing its data. Organizations managing bigger monetary information, bio-data and alternative relevant info are losing its valuable information or data at rest, in usage or in motion to unauthorized parties or competitors as a result of activities of hackers. Organizations are losing millions of dollars as a result of unprotected data that gets into the hands of malicious persons. Data protection in an organization has become vital in today’s business. In order to possess secure information, this information should be protected in order that although malicious persons get access to the info, it becomes wealthless and useless to them. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), could be a scientific discipline rule that may be used for secured data and communication in an organization, it uses same key that's isobilateral key for transmission additionally as reception. The AES rule is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits, this paper implement AES block cipher of 256-bits and 256-bit key size, developed with C# as a front-end client machine and MS SQL used for the database as a back-end machine.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80300112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-06DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000180
H. Kebede, Tae Min Kim, D. Bae
In this paper, stress distribution analysis and tensile strength assessment of CFRP bonded joint were studied. First a mixture of Epoxy adhesives and MWCNT was fabricated. Since failure is initiated at the ends of overlap, the stress distribution at the ends of the overlap and bonded joint was numerically analyzed. After the stress distributions were analyzed based on the result obtained the experimental steps were followed to assess the tensile strength of bonded joint. The stress distribution analysis and the tensile strength assessment results showed an agreement that the geometrical factors directly affect the reliability of the bond.
{"title":"Tensile Strength Assessments of CFRP Adhesive Bonded Joint","authors":"H. Kebede, Tae Min Kim, D. Bae","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, stress distribution analysis and tensile strength assessment of CFRP bonded joint were studied. First a mixture of Epoxy adhesives and MWCNT was fabricated. Since failure is initiated at the ends of overlap, the stress distribution at the ends of the overlap and bonded joint was numerically analyzed. After the stress distributions were analyzed based on the result obtained the experimental steps were followed to assess the tensile strength of bonded joint. The stress distribution analysis and the tensile strength assessment results showed an agreement that the geometrical factors directly affect the reliability of the bond.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79631986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-04DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000181
Khushneet Kaur Batth, Rajeshwar Singh
Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links without any fixed infrastructure. The nodes use the service of other nodes in the network to transmit packets to destinations that are out of their range. Such networks are expected to play increasingly important role in future organizations, University, Civilian and Military settings, being useful for providing communication support where no fixed infrastructure exists. Also, in case of disaster or natural calamities, the deployment of a fixed infrastructure is neither feasible nor economically profitable for establishing communication among the rescue members. In order to accomplish this, a number of routing protocols are being proposed by researchers. Ants based routing is gaining more popularity because of its adaptive and dynamic nature. A number of Swarm Intelligence (SI) based, more specially Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing algorithms are proposed by researchers. Each one is based on different characteristics and properties. In this paper, we take up three ACO based algorithms and simulate the proposed algorithms using NS-2 and compare the performance matrices as Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), throughput and routing overhead for varying simulation time.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Ant Colony Optimization Based RoutingAlgorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"Khushneet Kaur Batth, Rajeshwar Singh","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links without any fixed infrastructure. The nodes use the service of other nodes in the network to transmit packets to destinations that are out of their range. Such networks are expected to play increasingly important role in future organizations, University, Civilian and Military settings, being useful for providing communication support where no fixed infrastructure exists. Also, in case of disaster or natural calamities, the deployment of a fixed infrastructure is neither feasible nor economically profitable for establishing communication among the rescue members. In order to accomplish this, a number of routing protocols are being proposed by researchers. Ants based routing is gaining more popularity because of its adaptive and dynamic nature. A number of Swarm Intelligence (SI) based, more specially Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing algorithms are proposed by researchers. Each one is based on different characteristics and properties. In this paper, we take up three ACO based algorithms and simulate the proposed algorithms using NS-2 and compare the performance matrices as Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), throughput and routing overhead for varying simulation time.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83631989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-08DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000178
I. Deliyannis, Georgios Papaioannou
Our main objective is to produce state-of-the-art edutainment and serious game end-systems, which satisfy the requirements of all three parties involved in the development process: content experts, end-users and application developers. Their requirements are often cross disciplinary, as each party involved in the process requires solutions to a number of problems which need to be answered in a systematic and complete manner. The ultimate goal of this process is to introduce an efficient, extendable and aesthetically pleasing end-system. In order to achieve these goals, we address and attempt to resolve the most common presentation design issues that arise during the process of interaction design. Completion of this process enables the actual system development to commence with a precise and complete specification of content features and system characteristics.
{"title":"Combining Interaction Design and Gaming Technologies for the Development of Interactive Archaeological Content Presentation Systems","authors":"I. Deliyannis, Georgios Papaioannou","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Our main objective is to produce state-of-the-art edutainment and serious game end-systems, which satisfy the requirements of all three parties involved in the development process: content experts, end-users and application developers. Their requirements are often cross disciplinary, as each party involved in the process requires solutions to a number of problems which need to be answered in a systematic and complete manner. The ultimate goal of this process is to introduce an efficient, extendable and aesthetically pleasing end-system. In order to achieve these goals, we address and attempt to resolve the most common presentation design issues that arise during the process of interaction design. Completion of this process enables the actual system development to commence with a precise and complete specification of content features and system characteristics.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85414882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000174
Da Refaei, Mk Abdelrahman, I. Ibrahim, F. Eldears, K. At, Il
The present work aims to study a physical beneficiation of the Egyptian Kaolin from Kalabsha by using a wet high intensity magnetic filter. Since kaolin clay is an important for different industrial applications, but the presence of coloring materials such as iron and titanium, make it unusable for industrial applications as it affects the brightness and whiteness property. Improvement the quality of kaolin was carried out using magnetic separation in a two scale, the first one is a laboratory scale and the second one is a semi pilot scale. Experimental work involved crushing, disintegration, hydrocycloning and magnetic separation. Results showed that the whiteness of kaolin was improved through the application of wet high intensity magnetic separation technique, as in a laboratory scale, about 48% by weight of a non magnetic fraction of kaolin with 0.7% TiO2 and 0.55% Fe2O3 was obtained. The TiO2 % was decreased from 3.56 % to 0.7% with about 87% removal. This leads to increasing the whiteness of kaolin from 86% of the original kaolin to 91% in non-magnetic kaolin. While in a Semi pilot plant two products were obtained. The first is a non magnetic fraction which represents about 74% by weight with 0.56% titanium oxide and 0.49% iron oxide. The second is a middling fraction represents about 10% by weight with 0.76% titanium oxide and 0.49% iron oxide. Finally a material balanced flow sheet is developed for upgrading of Egyptian kaolin to be used for different industrial applications.
{"title":"Improvement the Quality of Egyptian Kaolin for Industrial Applications","authors":"Da Refaei, Mk Abdelrahman, I. Ibrahim, F. Eldears, K. At, Il","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to study a physical beneficiation of the Egyptian Kaolin from Kalabsha by using a wet high intensity magnetic filter. Since kaolin clay is an important for different industrial applications, but the presence of coloring materials such as iron and titanium, make it unusable for industrial applications as it affects the brightness and whiteness property. Improvement the quality of kaolin was carried out using magnetic separation in a two scale, the first one is a laboratory scale and the second one is a semi pilot scale. Experimental work involved crushing, disintegration, hydrocycloning and magnetic separation. Results showed that the whiteness of kaolin was improved through the application of wet high intensity magnetic separation technique, as in a laboratory scale, about 48% by weight of a non magnetic fraction of kaolin with 0.7% TiO2 and 0.55% Fe2O3 was obtained. The TiO2 % was decreased from 3.56 % to 0.7% with about 87% removal. This leads to increasing the whiteness of kaolin from 86% of the original kaolin to 91% in non-magnetic kaolin. While in a Semi pilot plant two products were obtained. The first is a non magnetic fraction which represents about 74% by weight with 0.56% titanium oxide and 0.49% iron oxide. The second is a middling fraction represents about 10% by weight with 0.76% titanium oxide and 0.49% iron oxide. Finally a material balanced flow sheet is developed for upgrading of Egyptian kaolin to be used for different industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86805442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000176
S. Salari, Mossalreza Zanganeh, A. Fadavi, Z. Ahmadi
Many problems originated from consuming the high fat products, so reducing the fat in foods is very attractive field. In this study, the effect of xanthan gum at levels 0.05%, 0.17%, 0.3% and carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.02%, 0.11%, 0.2% on physical properties of cream cheese was studied. Results showed that samples contain xanthan and CMC had significant differences (p<0.05) in terms of textural properties in comparison to control. We found that increase the level of gum in samples were decreased the adhesiveness (due to decrease of fat), as control sample had the highest adhesiveness (0) and treatment No. 5 had the lowest (-1.672). Elasticity of low fat cheese were lower than high fat, as the lowest elasticity recorded for sample No. 4 and the highest for No. 1. Treatment No. 2 (xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.2%,) had the highest hardness (0.527) (due to the lowest level of gum and the highest level of fat) and control (sample No. 6) had the lowest hardness (0). The highest and lowest solidarity values recorded for sample 3 and control respectively. Gumminess have increased with increase the fat content as the highest values observed for sample No. 4 (0.25) and the lowest for control (0). Also the highest chewiness recorded in sample 1 which the lowest level of gums used (xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.02%) and the lowest in sample 2 which had the lowest level of xanthan (0.05%) and the highest level of CMC (0.2%).
{"title":"Effect of Xanthan Gum and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Physical Properties of Cream Cheese","authors":"S. Salari, Mossalreza Zanganeh, A. Fadavi, Z. Ahmadi","doi":"10.4172/0976-4860.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Many problems originated from consuming the high fat products, so reducing the fat in foods is very attractive field. In this study, the effect of xanthan gum at levels 0.05%, 0.17%, 0.3% and carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.02%, 0.11%, 0.2% on physical properties of cream cheese was studied. Results showed that samples contain xanthan and CMC had significant differences (p<0.05) in terms of textural properties in comparison to control. We found that increase the level of gum in samples were decreased the adhesiveness (due to decrease of fat), as control sample had the highest adhesiveness (0) and treatment No. 5 had the lowest (-1.672). Elasticity of low fat cheese were lower than high fat, as the lowest elasticity recorded for sample No. 4 and the highest for No. 1. Treatment No. 2 (xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.2%,) had the highest hardness (0.527) (due to the lowest level of gum and the highest level of fat) and control (sample No. 6) had the lowest hardness (0). The highest and lowest solidarity values recorded for sample 3 and control respectively. Gumminess have increased with increase the fat content as the highest values observed for sample No. 4 (0.25) and the lowest for control (0). Also the highest chewiness recorded in sample 1 which the lowest level of gums used (xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.02%) and the lowest in sample 2 which had the lowest level of xanthan (0.05%) and the highest level of CMC (0.2%).","PeriodicalId":90538,"journal":{"name":"International journal of advancements in computing technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81008306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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