Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04568-w
Jose Martinez-de-la-Casa, Pedro Corsino, Andrzej Grzybowski, Andrew Tatham, Shivani Ohri Vignesh, Tarek Hassan
Topical prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are recommended as first-line therapy for the treatment of glaucoma. However, many patients do not achieve adequate IOP control with monotherapy and require additional agents. Combination therapy involving the use of two individual eye drops makes the medication instillation regimen complex, often leading to reduced adherence to treatment. Lack of adherence leads to poor outcomes. Fixed combinations of glaucoma pharmacotherapies can simplify the dosing regimen, increase adherence, and improve the quality of life (QoL). Latanoprost 0.005% and timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (LTFC) was the first PGA/βeta-blocker (BB) combination, launched in the European Union in 2001, and continues to be widely used. Studies have reported improved QoL and patient satisfaction with LTFC compared to monotherapy or other combination therapies. A high level of satisfaction with LTFC concerning tolerability and good adherence has also been reported. In several studies comparing LTFC with other monotherapies, LTFC consistently showed a higher reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). Some studies have also shown that LTFC leads to a greater reduction in IOP than other combination therapies. Thus, LTFC can be useful in the management of patients with inadequate IOP control on monotherapy.
{"title":"Latanoprost/timolol fixed-dose combination: two decades of efficacy and safety in glaucoma management.","authors":"Jose Martinez-de-la-Casa, Pedro Corsino, Andrzej Grzybowski, Andrew Tatham, Shivani Ohri Vignesh, Tarek Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04568-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04568-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are recommended as first-line therapy for the treatment of glaucoma. However, many patients do not achieve adequate IOP control with monotherapy and require additional agents. Combination therapy involving the use of two individual eye drops makes the medication instillation regimen complex, often leading to reduced adherence to treatment. Lack of adherence leads to poor outcomes. Fixed combinations of glaucoma pharmacotherapies can simplify the dosing regimen, increase adherence, and improve the quality of life (QoL). Latanoprost 0.005% and timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (LTFC) was the first PGA/βeta-blocker (BB) combination, launched in the European Union in 2001, and continues to be widely used. Studies have reported improved QoL and patient satisfaction with LTFC compared to monotherapy or other combination therapies. A high level of satisfaction with LTFC concerning tolerability and good adherence has also been reported. In several studies comparing LTFC with other monotherapies, LTFC consistently showed a higher reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). Some studies have also shown that LTFC leads to a greater reduction in IOP than other combination therapies. Thus, LTFC can be useful in the management of patients with inadequate IOP control on monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in eye disease: a comprehensive review of current research and future potential.","authors":"Yu Luo, Yanting Xia, Xiaohong Gong, Meiling Hao, Qiping Wei, Liang Liao","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04559-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04559-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04581-z
Migle Lindziute, Maximilian Binter, Nizar Al Mahamed, Amelie Pielen, Carsten Framme, Jan Tode
{"title":"Long-term outcomes of titration-guided focal selective retina therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: retrospective real-world data analysis.","authors":"Migle Lindziute, Maximilian Binter, Nizar Al Mahamed, Amelie Pielen, Carsten Framme, Jan Tode","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04581-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04581-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04551-5
Ji Woong Chang
{"title":"Comparative study of standard and augmented bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia.","authors":"Ji Woong Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04551-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04551-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04566-y
Wei Si, Xiaoyuan Yang, Su Xu, He Li, Yongfang Tu, Yongjun Huo, Mengtian Kang, Ningli Wang, Shi-Ming Li
Objective: To examine the associations between intraocular pressure (IOP) and various ocular parameters among adolescents in central China.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2,267 participants from 40 classes across four junior high schools. Measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) were performed using the Lenstar 900. Cycloplegic refractive state was assessed with an automatic optometer, while IOP was measured using a non-contact tonometer.
Results: A total of 1,720 participants with valid data were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 15.39 ± 1.09 years, and 52% of participants were male. The mean CCT was 549.98 ± 32.586 μm, with males having a significantly higher mean CCT (552.47 ± 33.011 μm) compared to females (547.63 ± 32.043 μm) (t = 4.358, P < 0.001). The mean IOP was 15.39 ± 2.45 mmHg. IOP was significantly correlated with CCT (r = 0.390, P < 0.001), with regression analysis indicating a 0.37 mmHg increase in IOP for every 10 μm increase in CCT (y = -4.271 + 0.037x, P < 0.001). Additionally, IOP was positively associated with refractive error (r = 0.076, P < 0.001), AL (r = 0.088, P < 0.001) and corneal curvature (r = -0.025, P < 0.001), while no significant association was observed with ACD (r = 0.023, P = 0.207). Male participants had higher mean values for CCT, AL, and ACD, while female participants had greater corneal curvature.
Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study of Chinese adolescents, IOP demonstrated significant positive associations with CCT, refractive error, and AL, but no significant association with ACD. Additionally, sex-based differences were observed in key ocular parameters, highlighting the need to consider sex variations in ocular health assessments. These findings underscore the importance of considering CCT when interpreting IOP measurements in younger populations.
{"title":"Association of intraocular pressure with ocular parameters in 14-18-year-old Chinese junior high students: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.","authors":"Wei Si, Xiaoyuan Yang, Su Xu, He Li, Yongfang Tu, Yongjun Huo, Mengtian Kang, Ningli Wang, Shi-Ming Li","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04566-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04566-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between intraocular pressure (IOP) and various ocular parameters among adolescents in central China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 2,267 participants from 40 classes across four junior high schools. Measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) were performed using the Lenstar 900. Cycloplegic refractive state was assessed with an automatic optometer, while IOP was measured using a non-contact tonometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,720 participants with valid data were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 15.39 ± 1.09 years, and 52% of participants were male. The mean CCT was 549.98 ± 32.586 μm, with males having a significantly higher mean CCT (552.47 ± 33.011 μm) compared to females (547.63 ± 32.043 μm) (t = 4.358, P < 0.001). The mean IOP was 15.39 ± 2.45 mmHg. IOP was significantly correlated with CCT (r = 0.390, P < 0.001), with regression analysis indicating a 0.37 mmHg increase in IOP for every 10 μm increase in CCT (y = -4.271 + 0.037x, P < 0.001). Additionally, IOP was positively associated with refractive error (r = 0.076, P < 0.001), AL (r = 0.088, P < 0.001) and corneal curvature (r = -0.025, P < 0.001), while no significant association was observed with ACD (r = 0.023, P = 0.207). Male participants had higher mean values for CCT, AL, and ACD, while female participants had greater corneal curvature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cross-sectional study of Chinese adolescents, IOP demonstrated significant positive associations with CCT, refractive error, and AL, but no significant association with ACD. Additionally, sex-based differences were observed in key ocular parameters, highlighting the need to consider sex variations in ocular health assessments. These findings underscore the importance of considering CCT when interpreting IOP measurements in younger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04601-y
M D Imam Uddin, Sara Jamal, John S Penn
{"title":"A direct method for imaging gradient levels of retinal hypoxia in a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).","authors":"M D Imam Uddin, Sara Jamal, John S Penn","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04601-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04601-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04602-x
Yusuf Ayaz, Çisil Erkan Pota, Olgar Öcal, Ozan Özgül, Mustafa Ünal
{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of long-term outcomes of keratoplasty in adult and geriatric patient groups.","authors":"Yusuf Ayaz, Çisil Erkan Pota, Olgar Öcal, Ozan Özgül, Mustafa Ünal","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04602-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04602-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04594-8
Maram E A Abdalla Elsayed, Vincenzo Barone, Robert E MacLaren
{"title":"ABCA4-associated maculopathy suspected to be ocular toxoplasmosis.","authors":"Maram E A Abdalla Elsayed, Vincenzo Barone, Robert E MacLaren","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04594-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04594-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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