BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

Background: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy, compared to single-vision spectacles (SVS), for controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents.

Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, was conducted up to Sept 30, 2025 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The change of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were main outcomes. Pooled mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was quantified using I².

Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1,942 participants were included. The mean difference in AL change favored RLRL at 1 month (MD: -0.07 mm, 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.06, P < 0.00001), 3 months (MD: -0.15 mm, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.11, P < 0.00001), 6 months (MD: -0.22 mm, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.17, P < 0.00001), and 12 months (MD: -0.33 mm, 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.27, P < 0.00001). Similarly, RLRL significantly slowed SER progression at 3 months (MD: 0.17 D, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.21, P < 0.00001), 6 months (MD: 0.38 D, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.49, P < 0.00001), and 12 months (MD: 0.67 D, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.82, P < 0.00001). Furthermore, RLRL induced a significant increase in SFCT at all time points (16.72 μm at 1 month; 19.46 μm at 3 months; 28.21 μm at 6 months; 30.86 μm at 12 months; all P < 0.00001). Heterogeneity was substantial for AL and SER outcomes but the treatment effect was consistently favorable.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that RLRL therapy maybe an effective intervention for slowing myopia progression in children and adolescents in the short to medium term. Based on current evidence, it appears to be a promising and generally well-tolerated treatment option. However, long-term safety, sustained efficacy, and optimal treatment protocols require further confirmation through extended follow-up studies.

Trial registration: The trial was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration ID: CRD420251139693).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the systemic pan-immune inflammatory value (PIV) in wet and dry cases of age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with AMD between 2020 and 2025 were retrospectively identified. The participants were divided into the wet AMD, dry AMD, and control groups. Their complete blood count (CBC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and C-reactive protein data were obtained. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, monocyte-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratios were calculated. The PIV was calculated as follows: (neutrophil × platelet × monocyte/lymphocyte count). The central macular and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were measured manually from the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Results: Of the 72 cases included in the study, 25 were wet AMD, 26 were dry AMD, and 21 were controls. According to the statistical analysis, the white blood cell count (7.89 ± 1.82 vs. 6.66 ± 1.75), neutrophil count (5.02 ± 1.42 10⁹/L vs. 4.11 ± 1.35 10⁹/L), monocyte count (0.64 ± 0.16 10⁹/L vs. 0.49 ± 0.18 10⁹/L), and PIV (414.31 ± 268.02 vs. 270.33 ± 161.84) were higher in the wet AMD group than in the dry AMD group. The monocyte count (0.64 ± 0.16 10⁹/L vs. 0.49 ± 0.17 10⁹/L) and PIV (414.31 ± 268.02 vs. 270.13 ± 127.84) were higher in the wet AMD cases than in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the dry AMD and control groups.

Conclusion: In our study, the PIV was statistically significantly higher in the wet AMD group than in the dry AMD and control groups. Obtaining CBC data is a highly cost-effective and practical method for calculating PIV. PIV calculation can be helpful in the follow-up of patients with AMD, especially those at high risk of converting from dry AMD to wet AMD.

Background: To evaluate layer-by-layer retinal thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) measurement, minimum rim width (MRW), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) in clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS), comparing affected, fellow and healthy eyes.

Methods: This research involved 65 eyes (PEXS and fellow eyes) of 65 unilateral PEXS patients and 80 eyes of 80 healthy controls. Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) with Glaucoma Module Premium Edition (GMPE) software was used to assess layer-by-layer macular thickness [including macular nerve fiber layer (mNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retina pigment epithelium (RPE)], pRNFL and MRW. CT was measured using EDI-OCT.

Results: The median age was 66.00 (62.00-73.00) years for PEXS group and 65.00 (60.00-69.75) years for healthy controls (p = 0.271). All of the 9 ETDRS macular regions of mNFL, GCL, IPL, INL, OPL, ONL, RPE thickness, pRNFL and BMO-MRW parameters were significantly lower in PEXS and fellow eyes than in control eyes (p < 0.05, for all). However, no significant differences were observed between PEXS and fellow eyes for most parameters. Subfoveal CT was lower in PEXS and fellow eyes than in control eyes (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: GMPE analysis demonstrated that PEXS and fellow eyes were related with lower layer-by-layer macular and pRNFL thickness, MRW and subfoveal CT compared to healthy eyes. Furthermore, fellow eyes showed a similar decreased thickness as PEXS eyes. Further research is warranted to clarify whether pseudoexfoliation independently increases risk for neural injury.