Y. Kawano, Emi Harada, Y. Yamashita, Yui Itonaga, Naomi Inoue, H. Narahara
Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory negotiator that shows a distinct spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects and participates in a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In the reproductive system, PAF has been shown to have an important role in initiating ovulation, progesterone production and chemokine production. The purpose of this article was to review the roles of PAF, a well-known family of messenger phospholipids, in the reproductive process, especially in ovulation. This review highlights the interesting parallels between PAF's mechanism in ovulation and inflammatory process.
{"title":"Inflammatory Mediators in Ovarian Follicles: The Possible Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and its Metabolic Enzyme","authors":"Y. Kawano, Emi Harada, Y. Yamashita, Yui Itonaga, Naomi Inoue, H. Narahara","doi":"10.1274/jmor.34.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.34.47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory negotiator that shows a distinct spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects and participates in a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In the reproductive system, PAF has been shown to have an important role in initiating ovulation, progesterone production and chemokine production. The purpose of this article was to review the roles of PAF, a well-known family of messenger phospholipids, in the reproductive process, especially in ovulation. This review highlights the interesting parallels between PAF's mechanism in ovulation and inflammatory process.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"70 1","pages":"47 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86172982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds ovarian oocytes, ovulated eggs, and preimplantation embryos, and it plays several important roles at different stages of reproduction. Newly developed technologies such as transgenic mouse production, database analysis of signal networks, and live-cell imaging have revealed novel findings about the ZP and fertilization. Assisted reproductive technology has also provided new insights into human ZP morphology and function. Recent micromanipulation technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection, are very helpful for treatment of ZP-related infertility. This article describes the current understanding of the following aspects of the mammalian ZP: I) ZP structure, II) ZP functions, III) ZP-related infertility and IV) ZP-based immunocontraceptive vaccines.
{"title":"The Current Perspectives on the Mammalian Zona Pellucida","authors":"A. Hasegawa, A. Fukui, H. Shibahara","doi":"10.1274/jmor.34.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.34.57","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds ovarian oocytes, ovulated eggs, and preimplantation embryos, and it plays several important roles at different stages of reproduction. Newly developed technologies such as transgenic mouse production, database analysis of signal networks, and live-cell imaging have revealed novel findings about the ZP and fertilization. Assisted reproductive technology has also provided new insights into human ZP morphology and function. Recent micromanipulation technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection, are very helpful for treatment of ZP-related infertility. This article describes the current understanding of the following aspects of the mammalian ZP: I) ZP structure, II) ZP functions, III) ZP-related infertility and IV) ZP-based immunocontraceptive vaccines.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"26 1","pages":"57 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82990056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Human oocytes have the aggregated chromosome phase (AC phase) during the first and second meiosis. This needs to be better understood, as the timing of ICSI significantly influences ART outcomes. In fact, performing ICSI after the completion of MII spindle formation is known to improve successful fertilization and embryo development. This human AC phase should also be taken into consideration in the application of nuclear transfer/mitochondrial replacement for patients suffering from severe mitochondrial diseases, to prevent the transmission of these diseases to their offspring, with the aim of limiting the risk of mitochondrial carryover. The possible risks and benefits of AC transfer and other procedures for mitochondrial replacement are reviewed and discussed in this paper.
{"title":"The Nuclear Phase of Human Oocytes During ICSI and Nuclear Transfer Procedures","authors":"J. Otsuki, T. Iwasaki, Y. Tsuji, M. Shiotani","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Human oocytes have the aggregated chromosome phase (AC phase) during the first and second meiosis. This needs to be better understood, as the timing of ICSI significantly influences ART outcomes. In fact, performing ICSI after the completion of MII spindle formation is known to improve successful fertilization and embryo development. This human AC phase should also be taken into consideration in the application of nuclear transfer/mitochondrial replacement for patients suffering from severe mitochondrial diseases, to prevent the transmission of these diseases to their offspring, with the aim of limiting the risk of mitochondrial carryover. The possible risks and benefits of AC transfer and other procedures for mitochondrial replacement are reviewed and discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"7 1","pages":"31 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75451408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in mice were recently advanced when two long-existing technical barriers were overcome. The first barrier was the limited number of mature oocytes after conventional superovulation, especially in inbred strains of mice. A combination of estrous cycle synchronization and antiinhibin serum treatments increased the number of collected oocytes from female mice by approximately 3–4 times in many strains. The second barrier was the low fertilization rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF) using frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The addition of reduced glutathione in the fertilization medium dramatically increased the IVF yields, even in cryopreserved/warmed spermatozoa from the C57BL/6J strain, which is one of the strains most sensitive to cryoinjury. This result encouraged the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa in mouse strains worldwide for the preservation and transportation of their genetic characteristics. The final yield to produce offspring from one female was increased from 9 to 30. In IVF with cryopreserved spermatozoa from the C57BL/6J strain, the final yield using these technological innovations was estimated to be ninefold higher than previously. Following this improvement, the efficiency of ARTs in mice was increased dramatically and the decrease in the number of euthanized animals contributes to animal welfare and reduces labor and expense.
{"title":"Recent Technical Breakthroughs for ARTs in Mice","authors":"K. Mochida, A. Hasegawa, A. Ogura","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in mice were recently advanced when two long-existing technical barriers were overcome. The first barrier was the limited number of mature oocytes after conventional superovulation, especially in inbred strains of mice. A combination of estrous cycle synchronization and antiinhibin serum treatments increased the number of collected oocytes from female mice by approximately 3–4 times in many strains. The second barrier was the low fertilization rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF) using frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The addition of reduced glutathione in the fertilization medium dramatically increased the IVF yields, even in cryopreserved/warmed spermatozoa from the C57BL/6J strain, which is one of the strains most sensitive to cryoinjury. This result encouraged the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa in mouse strains worldwide for the preservation and transportation of their genetic characteristics. The final yield to produce offspring from one female was increased from 9 to 30. In IVF with cryopreserved spermatozoa from the C57BL/6J strain, the final yield using these technological innovations was estimated to be ninefold higher than previously. Following this improvement, the efficiency of ARTs in mice was increased dramatically and the decrease in the number of euthanized animals contributes to animal welfare and reduces labor and expense.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"490 2 1","pages":"13 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78399149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kin, Kazuki Kansaku, M. Sumiya, Nobuhiko Itami, Koumei Sirasuna, T. Kuwayama, H. Iwata
Abstract: Age-associated telomere shortening in oocytes and granulosa cells is considered a sign of ageassociated decline in oocyte quality. The present study examined the effect of aging on telomere lengths (TLs) in bovine oocytes, embryos, and granulosa cells, as well as the relationship between the TLs in oocytes and granulosa cells. TL was directly assessed by real-time PCR, using a telomeric standard of 84 bp length TTAGGG, repeated 14 time). TLs in immature oocytes derived from early antral follicles (EAFs) and antral follicles (AFs) as well as for in vitro matured oocytes derived from aged cows (>120 months) were shorter than their respective counterparts in younger cows (20–70 months, 0.45-, 0.82-, and 0.84- fold, respectively, P < 0.05). Telomeres elongate extensively during embryo development until the blastocyst stage (4.2-fold, P < 0.05); however, TLs in the blastocysts did not differ between the two age groups. TLs in the granulosa cells of both AFs and EAFs were shorter in aged cows than in younger cows, and showed a positive correlation with TLs in oocytes (r=0.66, P < 0.05). In conclusion, aging affects TL in oocytes, and the TLs in granulosa cells and oocytes are correlated.
摘要:卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中与年龄相关的端粒缩短被认为是卵母细胞质量衰老相关下降的标志。本研究研究了衰老对牛卵母细胞、胚胎和颗粒细胞端粒长度的影响，以及卵母细胞端粒长度与颗粒细胞端粒长度的关系。实时荧光定量PCR (real-time PCR)直接评估TL，端粒标准长度为84 bp (TTAGGG，重复14次)。乳牛(>120月龄)早期窦卵泡(EAFs)和窦卵泡(AFs)未成熟卵母细胞的TLs分别短于乳牛(20-70月龄)的0.45倍、0.82倍和0.84倍，P < 0.05)。胚胎发育至囊胚期端粒明显延长(4.2倍，P < 0.05);然而，胚泡中的TLs在两个年龄组之间没有差异。老年奶牛AFs和EAFs颗粒细胞的TLs短于年轻奶牛，且与卵母细胞的TLs呈正相关(r=0.66, P < 0.05)。综上所述，衰老影响卵母细胞的TL，颗粒细胞的TL与卵母细胞的TL存在相关性。
{"title":"Effect of Aging on Telomere Lengths in Bovine Oocytes and Granulosa Cells","authors":"A. Kin, Kazuki Kansaku, M. Sumiya, Nobuhiko Itami, Koumei Sirasuna, T. Kuwayama, H. Iwata","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Age-associated telomere shortening in oocytes and granulosa cells is considered a sign of ageassociated decline in oocyte quality. The present study examined the effect of aging on telomere lengths (TLs) in bovine oocytes, embryos, and granulosa cells, as well as the relationship between the TLs in oocytes and granulosa cells. TL was directly assessed by real-time PCR, using a telomeric standard of 84 bp length TTAGGG, repeated 14 time). TLs in immature oocytes derived from early antral follicles (EAFs) and antral follicles (AFs) as well as for in vitro matured oocytes derived from aged cows (>120 months) were shorter than their respective counterparts in younger cows (20–70 months, 0.45-, 0.82-, and 0.84- fold, respectively, P < 0.05). Telomeres elongate extensively during embryo development until the blastocyst stage (4.2-fold, P < 0.05); however, TLs in the blastocysts did not differ between the two age groups. TLs in the granulosa cells of both AFs and EAFs were shorter in aged cows than in younger cows, and showed a positive correlation with TLs in oocytes (r=0.66, P < 0.05). In conclusion, aging affects TL in oocytes, and the TLs in granulosa cells and oocytes are correlated.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"81 3-4 1","pages":"37 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is commonly used as a subject model animal in experimental research. The species has several advantages compared with other laboratory primates and we succeeded in creating a transgenic (Tg) marmoset with germline transmission of the transgene, the first time in a nonhuman primate. We have been attempting to further improve marmoset reproductive technology, which is more similar to that of humans than rodent experimental animals, such as mice. We have produced many genetically modified marmosets as human disease models and have also improved marmoset reproductive techniques to obtain many fertilized embryos and neonates. For ethical reasons, it is difficult to perform human reproductive studies; thus, we must rely on nonhuman primate models in basic research. For this reason, reproductive studies of marmosets may help the development of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) for humans and may also be useful in human preclinical studies. In this minisymposium, we describe practical marmoset reproductive technologies performed at the Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) and discuss our planned future research using marmosets in reproductive studies.
{"title":"Practical Reproductive Techniques for the Common Marmoset","authors":"Yoko Kurotaki, E. Sasaki","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is commonly used as a subject model animal in experimental research. The species has several advantages compared with other laboratory primates and we succeeded in creating a transgenic (Tg) marmoset with germline transmission of the transgene, the first time in a nonhuman primate. We have been attempting to further improve marmoset reproductive technology, which is more similar to that of humans than rodent experimental animals, such as mice. We have produced many genetically modified marmosets as human disease models and have also improved marmoset reproductive techniques to obtain many fertilized embryos and neonates. For ethical reasons, it is difficult to perform human reproductive studies; thus, we must rely on nonhuman primate models in basic research. For this reason, reproductive studies of marmosets may help the development of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) for humans and may also be useful in human preclinical studies. In this minisymposium, we describe practical marmoset reproductive technologies performed at the Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) and discuss our planned future research using marmosets in reproductive studies.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"154 1","pages":"12 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88996937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The regulation of mammalian oogenesis in vivo is complicated because of numerous constantly changing events caused by ovarian cells interacting with or influencing each other. One of the most intractable questions for nearly the last 80 years has been the mechanism controlling the maintenance of meiotic arrest and the resumption of oocyte meiosis in a pre-ovulatory follicle. The question is now mostly resolved, as the regulatory mechanisms of cGMP, cAMP, and the NPPC/NPR2 system in the follicle, have recently been uncovered. Oocyte growth in vitro has also been the subject of extensive research utilizing growing oocytes at various stages in several species, including mice, cattle, pig, sheep, goat, and horse. Remarkably, the first reconstitution of the entire process of mammalian oogenesis in vitro from primordial germ cells (PGCs) was recently achieved in mice. Furthermore, even PGC-like cells, originally produced from mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, can develop into functional oocytes in vitro with the help of gonadal somatic cells of female mouse fetuses. These updated findings and newly developed culture systems will assist in gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of oogenesis and will also lead to the creation of new gamete resources for mammals.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Understanding the Regulation of Oogenesis and Its Recapitulation in vitro: Mouse and Bovine Models","authors":"Y. Hirao","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 The regulation of mammalian oogenesis in vivo is complicated because of numerous constantly changing events caused by ovarian cells interacting with or influencing each other. One of the most intractable questions for nearly the last 80 years has been the mechanism controlling the maintenance of meiotic arrest and the resumption of oocyte meiosis in a pre-ovulatory follicle. The question is now mostly resolved, as the regulatory mechanisms of cGMP, cAMP, and the NPPC/NPR2 system in the follicle, have recently been uncovered. Oocyte growth in vitro has also been the subject of extensive research utilizing growing oocytes at various stages in several species, including mice, cattle, pig, sheep, goat, and horse. Remarkably, the first reconstitution of the entire process of mammalian oogenesis in vitro from primordial germ cells (PGCs) was recently achieved in mice. Furthermore, even PGC-like cells, originally produced from mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, can develop into functional oocytes in vitro with the help of gonadal somatic cells of female mouse fetuses. These updated findings and newly developed culture systems will assist in gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of oogenesis and will also lead to the creation of new gamete resources for mammals.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"76 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface: Basic and epochal reproductive technologies in each species","authors":"K. Mochida","doi":"10.1274/032.034.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/032.034.0102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83931626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified in the early post-implantation embryo. Attempts have been made to establish in vitro PGC development since the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts. Despite the advances made with mouse models, similar studies in human germ cell development have not progressed because practical and ethical reasons prevent the use of early human embryos. Recently, we and others developed a robust in vitro system for producing human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by inducing competency for germ cells. Strikingly, the molecular mechanism for germline differentiation is not fully conserved between mouse and human, probably because of the differences in their early embryogenesis and regulation of the pluripotent state. Here, we present a review of the current status in the field of in vitro germ cell production from pluripotent stem cells, and discuss how its usefulness could be extended to clinical applications.
{"title":"Human Germline Development from Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro","authors":"N. Irie, Shinseog Kim, M. Surani","doi":"10.1274/jmor.33.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.33.79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified in the early post-implantation embryo. Attempts have been made to establish in vitro PGC development since the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts. Despite the advances made with mouse models, similar studies in human germ cell development have not progressed because practical and ethical reasons prevent the use of early human embryos. Recently, we and others developed a robust in vitro system for producing human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by inducing competency for germ cells. Strikingly, the molecular mechanism for germline differentiation is not fully conserved between mouse and human, probably because of the differences in their early embryogenesis and regulation of the pluripotent state. Here, we present a review of the current status in the field of in vitro germ cell production from pluripotent stem cells, and discuss how its usefulness could be extended to clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"47 1","pages":"79 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73732383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: DNA methylation is essential for normal mammalian development and plays critical roles in various biological processes, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and repression of transposable elements. Although DNA methylation patterns are relatively stable in somatic cells, global reprogramming of DNA methylation occurs during mammalian preimplantation development. Advances in DNA methylation profiling techniques have been revealing the DNA methylation dynamics in mammalian embryos. Recently, we and other groups reported genome-scale DNA methylation analyses of human oocytes and preimplantation embryos, highlighting both the similarities and differences in the DNA methylation dynamics between humans and mice. In this review, we introduce the current knowledge of DNA methylation dynamics during early mammalian development. We also discuss the possibility of the application of genome-scale DNA methylation analysis techniques to human gametes and embryos for diagnostic purposes.
{"title":"DNA Methylation Dynamics During Early Human Development","authors":"Hiroaki Okae, T. Arima","doi":"10.1274/jmor.33.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.33.101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 DNA methylation is essential for normal mammalian development and plays critical roles in various biological processes, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and repression of transposable elements. Although DNA methylation patterns are relatively stable in somatic cells, global reprogramming of DNA methylation occurs during mammalian preimplantation development. Advances in DNA methylation profiling techniques have been revealing the DNA methylation dynamics in mammalian embryos. Recently, we and other groups reported genome-scale DNA methylation analyses of human oocytes and preimplantation embryos, highlighting both the similarities and differences in the DNA methylation dynamics between humans and mice. In this review, we introduce the current knowledge of DNA methylation dynamics during early mammalian development. We also discuss the possibility of the application of genome-scale DNA methylation analysis techniques to human gametes and embryos for diagnostic purposes.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"31 1","pages":"101 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81629479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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