The objective of this study was to improve culture condition of in vitro produced bovine embryo cultured in CR1aa and to examine the developmental ability of the oocytes from a small number of oocytes per drop culture to blastocyst stage in vitro. Bovine cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized in a 100 μl-drop (10 presumptive COCs/drop) of medium. After insemination, zygotes were divided into three groups; (1) CR1aa: zygotes were cultured in 100 μl-drop of CR1aa (2) CR1aa+TCM: at 72 h after culture in CR1aa, embryos were cultured in TCM (3) TCM: zygotes were cultured in TCM. The blastocyst production rate was significantly higher (p<0.05, P<0.01) with CR1aa+TCM (42.4%) than those of CR1aa+CR1aa and TCM+TCM (31.3, 22.5%, respectively). To examine the effect of number of oocytes on the IVMFC, zygotes were cultured 2-9 or 10 embryos per 100 μl drop in CR1aa+TCM for 11 days. The proportion of embryos cleaved and blastocysts were not different between embryos derived from 10 embryos/drop and 2-9 embryos/drop (80.9% vs. 13.6% and 65.5% vs. 13.7%, respectively). Four blastocysts developed from 2-9 embryos per drop were transferred into recipients. One of the 4 recipients became pregnant. One male live calf was born at 286 day. These results indicate that CR1aa+TCM are effective media for IVC of a small number of embryos per drop, and embryos from a small number of embryos per drop have the developmental capacity to become calf.
{"title":"Production of Calves Derived from Embryos Produced by In Vitro Matured, Fertilized and Cultured Oocytes Recovered from Individual Cows","authors":"S. Abe, T. Okazaki, T. Shiraishi","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.52","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to improve culture condition of in vitro produced bovine embryo cultured in CR1aa and to examine the developmental ability of the oocytes from a small number of oocytes per drop culture to blastocyst stage in vitro. Bovine cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized in a 100 μl-drop (10 presumptive COCs/drop) of medium. After insemination, zygotes were divided into three groups; (1) CR1aa: zygotes were cultured in 100 μl-drop of CR1aa (2) CR1aa+TCM: at 72 h after culture in CR1aa, embryos were cultured in TCM (3) TCM: zygotes were cultured in TCM. The blastocyst production rate was significantly higher (p<0.05, P<0.01) with CR1aa+TCM (42.4%) than those of CR1aa+CR1aa and TCM+TCM (31.3, 22.5%, respectively). To examine the effect of number of oocytes on the IVMFC, zygotes were cultured 2-9 or 10 embryos per 100 μl drop in CR1aa+TCM for 11 days. The proportion of embryos cleaved and blastocysts were not different between embryos derived from 10 embryos/drop and 2-9 embryos/drop (80.9% vs. 13.6% and 65.5% vs. 13.7%, respectively). Four blastocysts developed from 2-9 embryos per drop were transferred into recipients. One of the 4 recipients became pregnant. One male live calf was born at 286 day. These results indicate that CR1aa+TCM are effective media for IVC of a small number of embryos per drop, and embryos from a small number of embryos per drop have the developmental capacity to become calf.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"26 1","pages":"52-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75902189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we show the technical art of ICSI at our laboratory. We show the basic principal of ICSI on mammalian eggs, especially mouse and bovine ICSI. The use of Piezo-micromanipulator is useful for mouse and bovine ICSI, and how to use of piezo-electric actuator is shown carefully in this paper. The important point of mouse ICSI is the survival of eggs after sperm injection. On the other hand, in bovine ICSI, the accurate sperm injection and the less injection volume by using the piezo-electric actuator are important for successful bovine ICSI.
{"title":"The Art of ICSI: Animal Eggs","authors":"M. Takenaka, T. Horiuchi","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.56","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we show the technical art of ICSI at our laboratory. We show the basic principal of ICSI on mammalian eggs, especially mouse and bovine ICSI. The use of Piezo-micromanipulator is useful for mouse and bovine ICSI, and how to use of piezo-electric actuator is shown carefully in this paper. The important point of mouse ICSI is the survival of eggs after sperm injection. On the other hand, in bovine ICSI, the accurate sperm injection and the less injection volume by using the piezo-electric actuator are important for successful bovine ICSI.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"145 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80512270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of major chromosome abnormalities in newborns is about 0.7 percent and increases with maternal age. Amniocentesis is the most common invasive prenatal procedure for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Amniocentesis is a relatively safe procedure and fetal loss related to amniocentesis is about 0.5%. An advanced maternal age is the most common reason for using amniocentesis. The use of amniocentesis because of abnormal fetal ultrasound findings has increased recently. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is currently a powerful tool in the area of prenatal cytogenetics. The number of amniocentesis procedures in Japan is about ten thousand per year and it is generally recognized to be a great benefit for pregnant women who have a risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
{"title":"Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Abnormalities through Amniocentesis","authors":"H. Sago","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.18","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of major chromosome abnormalities in newborns is about 0.7 percent and increases with maternal age. Amniocentesis is the most common invasive prenatal procedure for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Amniocentesis is a relatively safe procedure and fetal loss related to amniocentesis is about 0.5%. An advanced maternal age is the most common reason for using amniocentesis. The use of amniocentesis because of abnormal fetal ultrasound findings has increased recently. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is currently a powerful tool in the area of prenatal cytogenetics. The number of amniocentesis procedures in Japan is about ten thousand per year and it is generally recognized to be a great benefit for pregnant women who have a risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"36 1","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78021234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conditions of optical microscopes and ways to use them are directly related to the easiness or difficulty of ICSI procedures. The attached instruction book explains how to use and maintain the microscope in detail. In terms of an optics maker, perusing the instructions are strongly recommend. However, some users sometimes claim that they feel difficulty to understand an instruction. In this paper how to use and maintain the microscopes used in ICSI-for example a stereoscopic microscope, a phase contrast microscope, an inverted microscope fitted with Nomarski differential interference optics and an inverted microscope with Hoffman optics-is plainly explained with a lot of figures.
{"title":"How to Use and Maintain the Microscopes Used in ICSI","authors":"Takaaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.225","url":null,"abstract":"Conditions of optical microscopes and ways to use them are directly related to the easiness or difficulty of ICSI procedures. The attached instruction book explains how to use and maintain the microscope in detail. In terms of an optics maker, perusing the instructions are strongly recommend. However, some users sometimes claim that they feel difficulty to understand an instruction. In this paper how to use and maintain the microscopes used in ICSI-for example a stereoscopic microscope, a phase contrast microscope, an inverted microscope fitted with Nomarski differential interference optics and an inverted microscope with Hoffman optics-is plainly explained with a lot of figures.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"158 1","pages":"225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72859007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The blastocyst transfer (BT), transferring blastocysts following IVF, has been recently focused as an effective assisted reproductive technology in humans because it has powerful efficacy on not only prevention of multiple pregnancies but also high pregnancy rates. The BT has been already applied to about 70% in IVF cycles per year in our facility resulted in excellent clinical results. Quality of the resulting blastocyst is the most important key for the successful BT. High quality blastocysts can be produced in vitro by the sequential culture method using commercially supplied media under low oxygen atmosphere phase in a multi-gas incubator. Optimized environments of the embryo culture room (27 ° C, high humidity and bio-clean room without ultraviolet light) and completed conditions of the culture media are essential for production of the excellent blastocysts. Other fine advices for success are also introduced in the present article.
{"title":"Sequential Culture Method of Human Embryos","authors":"S. Ieda, M. Kuwayama","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.220","url":null,"abstract":"The blastocyst transfer (BT), transferring blastocysts following IVF, has been recently focused as an effective assisted reproductive technology in humans because it has powerful efficacy on not only prevention of multiple pregnancies but also high pregnancy rates. The BT has been already applied to about 70% in IVF cycles per year in our facility resulted in excellent clinical results. Quality of the resulting blastocyst is the most important key for the successful BT. High quality blastocysts can be produced in vitro by the sequential culture method using commercially supplied media under low oxygen atmosphere phase in a multi-gas incubator. Optimized environments of the embryo culture room (27 ° C, high humidity and bio-clean room without ultraviolet light) and completed conditions of the culture media are essential for production of the excellent blastocysts. Other fine advices for success are also introduced in the present article.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"468 1","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84495086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nakai, K. Kikuchi, Maiko Koichi, N. Kashiwazaki
{"title":"Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in the Pig: Sperm-based Approaches to Improve Viability of Embryos Generated by ICSI","authors":"M. Nakai, K. Kikuchi, Maiko Koichi, N. Kashiwazaki","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"30 1","pages":"185-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88763898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work was undertaken to investigate the activation of pig oocytes after microinjection of crude sperm extract prepared from ejaculated boar spermatozoa. The results were compared with those of electro-stimulated oocytes. When in vitro-matured pig oocytes were microinjected with sperm extract and others were electro-stimulated, 100% and 92%, respectively, of the oocytes were released from arrest at metaphase II (MII) and formed female pronuclei. To test their developmental ability, the injected oocytes were treated with cytochalasin B and then cultured in NCSU23 medium. After 168 h, 30% and 44% of the oocytes that had been microinjected with sperm extract and electro-stimulated, respectively, developed to the blastocyst stage. At 6-8 h after the microinjection of sperm extract or electro-stimulation, cortical granules were released from the oocytes. In addition, Cdc2 kinase activity declined to a low level in the treated oocytes. These results indicate that microinjection of crude sperm extract induces the release of in vitro-matured pig oocytes from MII-arrest and leads them into a series of events related to oocyte activation.
{"title":"Activation and Development of Pig Oocytes after Microinjection of Crude Sperm Extract","authors":"K. Okada, T. Miyano, M. Miyake","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.134","url":null,"abstract":"This work was undertaken to investigate the activation of pig oocytes after microinjection of crude sperm extract prepared from ejaculated boar spermatozoa. The results were compared with those of electro-stimulated oocytes. When in vitro-matured pig oocytes were microinjected with sperm extract and others were electro-stimulated, 100% and 92%, respectively, of the oocytes were released from arrest at metaphase II (MII) and formed female pronuclei. To test their developmental ability, the injected oocytes were treated with cytochalasin B and then cultured in NCSU23 medium. After 168 h, 30% and 44% of the oocytes that had been microinjected with sperm extract and electro-stimulated, respectively, developed to the blastocyst stage. At 6-8 h after the microinjection of sperm extract or electro-stimulation, cortical granules were released from the oocytes. In addition, Cdc2 kinase activity declined to a low level in the treated oocytes. These results indicate that microinjection of crude sperm extract induces the release of in vitro-matured pig oocytes from MII-arrest and leads them into a series of events related to oocyte activation.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"29 1","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91159718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Hamada, Mutsuko Fujiwara, K. Takebayashi, Kentaro Takahashi, Y. Noda
The indication of ICSI is generally based on sperm analysis, past therapeutic history, and prediction of fertilization failure. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the usefulness of SMI (Sperm Motility Index) and "split cycle" procedure on ICSI indication. According to SMI score, patients were separated into three groups: I) Poor (0≤SMI<80, n=10), II) Medium (80≤SMI<160, n=9), III) Good (160≤SMI, n=43). Among these, no significant difference was observed in fertilization rates (Poor 56.4%, Medium 69.6%, and Good 71.1%) or in pregnancy rates (20.0%, 33.3%, and 48.8%, respectively). On the other hand, patients were separated into three groups: I) conventional IVF (n=188), II) split cycle (n=14), III) ICSI (n=72). Among these, no significant difference was observed in fertilization rates (conventional IVF 64.8%, split cycle 63.0%, and ICSI 56.0%) or in pregnancy rates (46.6%, 57.1%, and 31.7%, respectively). Surprisingly, among those in split cycle who had had fertilization failure on previous conventional IVF trial, no significant difference was found in fertilization rates between conventional IVF eggs and ICSI eggs. In such cases, split cycle might be a better choice.
{"title":"The Indication of ICSI","authors":"Y. Hamada, Mutsuko Fujiwara, K. Takebayashi, Kentaro Takahashi, Y. Noda","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.204","url":null,"abstract":"The indication of ICSI is generally based on sperm analysis, past therapeutic history, and prediction of fertilization failure. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the usefulness of SMI (Sperm Motility Index) and \"split cycle\" procedure on ICSI indication. According to SMI score, patients were separated into three groups: I) Poor (0≤SMI<80, n=10), II) Medium (80≤SMI<160, n=9), III) Good (160≤SMI, n=43). Among these, no significant difference was observed in fertilization rates (Poor 56.4%, Medium 69.6%, and Good 71.1%) or in pregnancy rates (20.0%, 33.3%, and 48.8%, respectively). On the other hand, patients were separated into three groups: I) conventional IVF (n=188), II) split cycle (n=14), III) ICSI (n=72). Among these, no significant difference was observed in fertilization rates (conventional IVF 64.8%, split cycle 63.0%, and ICSI 56.0%) or in pregnancy rates (46.6%, 57.1%, and 31.7%, respectively). Surprisingly, among those in split cycle who had had fertilization failure on previous conventional IVF trial, no significant difference was found in fertilization rates between conventional IVF eggs and ICSI eggs. In such cases, split cycle might be a better choice.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"87 1","pages":"204-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73464158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Hirao, N. Takenouchi, M. Shimizu, K. Iga, T. Miyano, T. Nagai
In porcine growing oocytes, chromatin remains diffuse. As the oocytes approach their final size, 120 μm, the chromatin becomes partly condensed and forms a perinucleolar sheath. These changes occur simultaneously with a decrease in transcriptional activity. In many other cell types, it has been shown that the state of acetylation of nucleosome core histones is essential in chromatin remodeling and transcription so that partial chromatin condensation in oocytes may involve the recruitment of histone deacetylases. In order to test this hypothesis, porcine oocyte-cumulus cell complexes were treated with a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases, trichostatin A (TSA). The perinucleolar sheath loosened or disappeared after 24 hr culture with 100 nM TSA, but after further culture in TSA-free medium, about 40% developed the perinucleolar sheath again. In the presence of 4 mM hypoxanthine, the decondensation induced by TSA progressed rather slowly, but continuously, for 72 hr. When oocytes were denuded before culture, spontaneous maturation occurred in the presence of TSA. Thus, the inhibitor-induced decondensation is not attributed to the inhibition of the maturation-promoting factor. These results suggest that deacetylation of histones may be involved in chromatin remodeling in oocytes near the end of the growth phase.
{"title":"The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A Induces Retrogressive Chromatin Decondensation in the Germinal Vesicle of Porcine Cumulus-enclosed Oocytes","authors":"Y. Hirao, N. Takenouchi, M. Shimizu, K. Iga, T. Miyano, T. Nagai","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.110","url":null,"abstract":"In porcine growing oocytes, chromatin remains diffuse. As the oocytes approach their final size, 120 μm, the chromatin becomes partly condensed and forms a perinucleolar sheath. These changes occur simultaneously with a decrease in transcriptional activity. In many other cell types, it has been shown that the state of acetylation of nucleosome core histones is essential in chromatin remodeling and transcription so that partial chromatin condensation in oocytes may involve the recruitment of histone deacetylases. In order to test this hypothesis, porcine oocyte-cumulus cell complexes were treated with a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases, trichostatin A (TSA). The perinucleolar sheath loosened or disappeared after 24 hr culture with 100 nM TSA, but after further culture in TSA-free medium, about 40% developed the perinucleolar sheath again. In the presence of 4 mM hypoxanthine, the decondensation induced by TSA progressed rather slowly, but continuously, for 72 hr. When oocytes were denuded before culture, spontaneous maturation occurred in the presence of TSA. Thus, the inhibitor-induced decondensation is not attributed to the inhibition of the maturation-promoting factor. These results suggest that deacetylation of histones may be involved in chromatin remodeling in oocytes near the end of the growth phase.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"65 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86005572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Senbon, Atsushi Ota, Masao Tachibana, T. Miyano
: Xenografting of ovarian tissue into immunodeficient mice is useful in studying the dynamics of follicular development. We have demonstrated that xenografted bovine secondary follicles develop to the antral stage in female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We did this by examining the development of bovine secondary follicles (140(cid:150)190 µ m in diameter) that had been grafted into male and female SCID mice for 4 and 6 weeks. We then compared the results for the two groups. The rate of surviving follicles in the grafts was similar in male and female mice, but the survival rate of oocytes was lower in male mice in these follicles, especially the antral follicles. In addition, the basement membranes of relatively large follicles were thinner and torn in the male mice, and erythrocytes had invaded the follicular cavity. The mean diameters of surviving follicles and oocytes were significantly larger in both male and female mice than before grafting. In female mice, the diameter of antral follicles increased gradually as the grafting was prolonged, although the difference was not in significant. Surviving oocytes in the follicles increased in diameter. In contrast, development of antral follicles in male mice seemed to be accelerated, but, in contrast to female mice, the mean diameters of antral follicles and surviving oocytes showed no further increase after 4 weeks of grafting. These results suggest that bovine follicles can develop in male SCID mice, but oocyte degeneration together with the follicular degeneration occurs in large antral follicles at a higher rate in males than in the females.
{"title":"Xenografting of Bovine Secondary Follicles into Male and Female SCID Mice","authors":"S. Senbon, Atsushi Ota, Masao Tachibana, T. Miyano","doi":"10.1274/JMOR.21.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/JMOR.21.157","url":null,"abstract":": Xenografting of ovarian tissue into immunodeficient mice is useful in studying the dynamics of follicular development. We have demonstrated that xenografted bovine secondary follicles develop to the antral stage in female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We did this by examining the development of bovine secondary follicles (140(cid:150)190 µ m in diameter) that had been grafted into male and female SCID mice for 4 and 6 weeks. We then compared the results for the two groups. The rate of surviving follicles in the grafts was similar in male and female mice, but the survival rate of oocytes was lower in male mice in these follicles, especially the antral follicles. In addition, the basement membranes of relatively large follicles were thinner and torn in the male mice, and erythrocytes had invaded the follicular cavity. The mean diameters of surviving follicles and oocytes were significantly larger in both male and female mice than before grafting. In female mice, the diameter of antral follicles increased gradually as the grafting was prolonged, although the difference was not in significant. Surviving oocytes in the follicles increased in diameter. In contrast, development of antral follicles in male mice seemed to be accelerated, but, in contrast to female mice, the mean diameters of antral follicles and surviving oocytes showed no further increase after 4 weeks of grafting. These results suggest that bovine follicles can develop in male SCID mice, but oocyte degeneration together with the follicular degeneration occurs in large antral follicles at a higher rate in males than in the females.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"17 1","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75579027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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