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Disturbance Rejection Using Two Degree of Freedom Repetitive Control Through Mixed Sensitivity Optimization 基于混合灵敏度优化的二自由度重复控制抗干扰
Cheng-Lun Chen, G.T.-C. Chiu
In this paper, a repetitive control based 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) controller for a SISO motor/gear-train system is proposed. Instead of sequential design, it is shown that the optimal 2 DOF controller for such system can be obtained simultaneously by solving an mixed-sensitivity problem. The simulation results are presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control structure for periodic and non-periodic disturbance reduction for motor/gear-train velocity regulation.
提出了一种基于重复控制的二自由度(DOF)控制器,用于SISO电机/齿轮系系统。通过求解一个混合灵敏度问题,可以同时得到该系统的最优二自由度控制器,而不是顺序设计。仿真结果表明了所提出的控制结构对电机/齿轮系速度调节的周期性和非周期性扰动抑制的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 4
State/Parameter/Disturbance Estimation With an Accelerometer in Precision Motion Control of a Linear Motor 加速度计在直线电机精密运动控制中的状态/参数/扰动估计
Dong-Jun Lee, M. Tomizuka
In this paper, the use of an accelerometer in precision motion control of linear motors is investigated. The acceleration measurement can provide several advantages. In particular, it can be used with the position measurement for estimation of the position and velocity based on a kinematic model. It can be further utilized for identification of dynamic parameters such as coulomb friction and cogging force as well as for estimation of disturbance. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation/identification schemes. These schemes are integrated into a two-degree of freedom control system for precision motion control of linear motors. The proposed schemes are evaluated by experiments performed on a linear permanent-magnet motor.
本文研究了加速度计在直线电机精密运动控制中的应用。加速度测量可以提供几个优点。特别地,它可以与位置测量一起使用,以估计基于运动学模型的位置和速度。该方法可进一步用于库仑摩擦和齿槽力等动力参数的辨识以及扰动的估计。实验结果验证了所提估计/识别方案的有效性。这些方案被集成到一个二自由度控制系统中,用于直线电机的精确运动控制。在直线永磁电机上进行了实验,对所提出的方案进行了评估。
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引用次数: 13
A Lyapunov Function Approach to Energy Based Model Reduction 基于能量模型约简的Lyapunov函数方法
Samuel Y. Chang, Christopher R. Carlson, J. Gerdes
Model reduction based upon the idea of eliminating coordinates with low levels of associated power, energy or activity has been proposed by a number of researchers. None of these results, however, produce the sort of computable bounds on the neglected dynamics that would be useful in the design of controllers with guaranteed robustness properties. This paper outlines an approach to model reduction based upon Lyapunov functions that represent a modified version of the system energy of Lagrangian subsystems. The Lyapunov functions are used to bound the states of subsystems to be removed, enabling these states to be treated as time-varying perturbations in a simplified set of dynamic equations. In contrast to other results in energy-based model reduction, this approach provides bounds on the disturbances caused by the unmodeled dynamics though at the cost of the implementation ease associated with other methods.
一些研究人员提出了基于消除相关功率、能量或活动水平较低的坐标的思想的模型简化。然而,这些结果都不能在被忽略的动力学上产生可计算的界限,这对于设计具有保证鲁棒性的控制器是有用的。本文概述了一种基于李雅普诺夫函数的模型约简方法,该函数表示拉格朗日子系统系统能量的修改版本。李雅普诺夫函数用于约束要移除的子系统的状态,使这些状态能够在一组简化的动态方程中被视为时变扰动。与基于能量的模型简化的其他结果相比,该方法提供了由未建模的动态引起的干扰的边界,但代价是与其他方法相关的实现难度。
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引用次数: 12
On the Design of Adaptive Robust Repetitive Controllers 自适应鲁棒重复控制器设计研究
B. Yao, Li Xu
A new perspective on dealing with the noise sensitive problem of repetitive control algorithms is given in the paper. It is firstly shown that, in continuous-time domain, what the conventional repetitive learning algorithm does is equivalent to adapting all the values of the periodic uncertainties over one period. Such an endeavor means very high bandwidth of the learning algorithm as an infinite number of parameters need to be adapted, which puts a great demand on microprocessor memory in implementing the algorithms. At the same time, such a formulation also makes the algorithm very sensitive to noise as it treats the values of the periodic uncertainties over the same period totally independent from each other, just like a random noise. Based on this new perspective on the noise sensitive problem of repetitive algorithm, a simple remedy is provided for the recently proposed adaptive robust repetitive control (ARRC) design by recognizing the physical dependence of the values of the periodic uncertainties over the same period and using certain known basis functions to capture these physical dependence. By doing so, only the amplitudes of these known basis functions need to be adapted on-line. The net results are that, not only the number of the parameters to be adapted is reduced drastically, but also the noise sensitive problem of the conventional learning algorithm is overcome. The precision motion control of a linear motor drive system is used as an application example. The comparative experimental results demonstrate that, with the new adaptive robust repetitive control design, not only the noise sensitive problem of repetitive learning is completely eliminated, but also a much improved tracking performance is achieved due to the built-in extrapolation capability of the basis functions used.
提出了一种处理重复控制算法噪声敏感问题的新思路。首先表明,在连续时域内,传统的重复学习算法相当于在一个周期内自适应周期不确定性的所有值。这种努力意味着学习算法的带宽非常高,因为需要适应无限数量的参数,这对实现算法的微处理器内存提出了很大的要求。同时,这样的公式也使得算法对噪声非常敏感,因为它将同一周期内的周期不确定性的值完全独立对待,就像随机噪声一样。基于这种对重复算法噪声敏感问题的新观点,本文为最近提出的自适应鲁棒重复控制(ARRC)设计提供了一种简单的解决方法,即识别周期不确定性值在同一时间段内的物理依赖性,并使用某些已知的基函数来捕获这些物理依赖性。通过这样做,只有这些已知基函数的振幅需要在线调整。结果表明,该方法不仅大大减少了需要适应的参数数量,而且克服了传统学习算法的噪声敏感问题。以直线电机驱动系统的精密运动控制为应用实例。对比实验结果表明,采用新的自适应鲁棒重复控制设计,不仅完全消除了重复学习的噪声敏感问题,而且由于所使用的基函数具有内建的外推能力,跟踪性能得到了很大的提高。
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引用次数: 6
Some Key Issues in Using Bond Graphs and Genetic Programming for Mechatronic System Design 结合图与遗传规划在机电系统设计中的几个关键问题
R. Rosenberg, E. Goodman, Kisung Seo
Mechatronic system design differs from design of single-domain systems, such as electronic circuits, mechanisms, and fluid power systems, in part because of the need to integrate the several distinct domain characteristics in predicting system behavior. The goal of our work is to develop an automated procedure that can explore mechatronic design space in a topologically open-ended manner, yet still find appropriate configurations efficiently enough to be useful. Our approach combines bond graphs for model representation with genetic programming for generating suitable design candidates as a means of exploring the design space. Bond graphs allow us to capture the common energy behavior underlying the several physical domains of mechatronic systems in a uniform notation. Genetic programming is an effective way to generate design candidates in an open-ended, but statistically structured, manner. Our initial goal is to identify the key issues in merging the bond graph modeling tool with genetic programming for searching. The first design problem we chose is that of finding a model that has a specified set of eigenvalues. The problem can be studied using a restricted set of bond graph elements to represent suitable topologies. We present the initial results of our studies and identify key issues in advancing the approach toward becoming an effective and efficient open-ended design tool for mechatronic systems.
机电一体化系统设计不同于单一领域系统的设计,如电子电路、机械和流体动力系统,部分原因是需要在预测系统行为时整合几个不同的领域特征。我们工作的目标是开发一种自动化的程序,可以以拓扑开放的方式探索机电一体化设计空间,但仍然有效地找到适当的配置,足够有用。我们的方法结合了用于模型表示的键合图和用于生成合适的候选设计的遗传编程,作为探索设计空间的一种手段。键合图使我们能够以统一的符号捕捉机电系统的几个物理域的共同能量行为。遗传规划是一种有效的方法,以一种开放式的,但统计结构化的方式生成候选设计。我们最初的目标是确定合并键合图建模工具与遗传规划进行搜索的关键问题。我们选择的第一个设计问题是找到一个具有特定特征值集的模型。这个问题可以用一组受限的键合图元素来表示合适的拓扑。我们介绍了我们研究的初步结果,并确定了在推进成为机电一体化系统有效和高效的开放式设计工具的方法中的关键问题。
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引用次数: 6
Nonlinear Model Based Coordinated Adaptive Robust Control of Electro-Hydraulic Robotic Manipulators: Methods and Comparative Studies 基于非线性模型的电液机器人协调自适应鲁棒控制:方法与比较研究
F. Bu, B. Yao
Compared to conventional robot manipulators driven by electrical motors, hydraulic robot arms have richer nonlinear dynamics and stronger couplings among various joints (or hydraulic cylinders). This paper focuses on the physical model based coordinated adaptive robust control (ARC) strategies that explicitly take into account the strong coupling among various hydraulic cylinders (or joints). In our recent studies, two such methods were proposed to avoid the need of acceleration feedback in doing ARC backstepping designs. The first method uses an observer to recover the state needed for the ARC backstepping design. The second method utilizes the property that the adjoint matrix and the determinant of the inertial matrix can be linearly parametrized by certain suitably selected parameters and employ certain over-parametrizing techniques. Theoretically, both the resulting ARC controllers guarantee a prescribed output tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy while achieving asymptotic output tracking in the presence of parametric uncertainties only. This paper focuses on the comparative studies of these two methods under various practical constraints. Extensive simulation results which are based on a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) hydraulic robot arm are presented to illustrate the advantages and drawbacks of each method.
与传统的电动机驱动的机械臂相比,液压机械臂具有更丰富的非线性动力学和更强的各个关节(或液压缸)之间的耦合。本文重点研究了基于物理模型的协调自适应鲁棒控制策略,该策略明确考虑了液压缸(或关节)之间的强耦合。在我们最近的研究中,提出了两种这样的方法来避免在进行ARC反步设计时需要加速度反馈。第一种方法使用观测器来恢复ARC后退设计所需的状态。第二种方法利用了伴随矩阵和惯性矩阵的行列式可以通过适当选择的参数进行线性参数化,并采用一定的过参数化技术。理论上,所得到的ARC控制器都保证了规定的输出跟踪暂态性能和最终跟踪精度,同时只在参数不确定性存在的情况下实现渐近输出跟踪。本文着重在各种实际约束条件下对这两种方法进行比较研究。以一个三自由度液压机械臂为例,给出了大量的仿真结果,说明了每种方法的优缺点。
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引用次数: 1
Battery Dynamic Modeling and Real-Time State-of-Charge Estimation in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application 混合动力汽车电池动态建模及实时充电状态估计
G. Paganelli, Y. Guezennec, HanSung Kim, A. Brahma
On-line Sate-of-Charge (SOC) estimation in pure electric or hybrid-electric (HEV) vehicles is a challenging problem, due to the very dynamic nature of the current/voltage history under actual driving conditions. However, on-line, reliable SOC estimation is critical in these applications, particularly in charge-sustaining HEV, where the battery capacity is relatively small and where the energy management strategy needs an accurate SOC estimation in order to optimize the power split between the ICE and EM. The research described in this paper focuses on two aspects of the same problem. The first aspect is the development, calibration and validation of a dynamic battery model which represents the essential dynamic behavior of the battery pack HEV application. The second part of this paper is the development, implementation and validation of an appropriate in-vehicle SOC estimator for use with our supervisory HEV controller. While the implementation approaches for theses two facets of the same problem are significantly different due to the real-time computational requirements, they represent the same battery dynamics. This algorithm has been applied to a real charge-sustaining HEV vehicle and the experimental results are presented.
纯电动或混合动力汽车(HEV)的在线荷电状态(SOC)估计是一个具有挑战性的问题,因为在实际驾驶条件下,电流/电压历史具有非常动态的性质。然而,在线可靠的SOC估计在这些应用中至关重要,特别是在电量维持型混合动力汽车中,电池容量相对较小,能量管理策略需要准确的SOC估计,以优化ICE和EM之间的功率分配。本文的研究主要集中在同一问题的两个方面。第一个方面是动态电池模型的开发、校准和验证,该模型代表了电池组混合动力应用的基本动态行为。本文的第二部分是开发,实现和验证一个合适的车载SOC估计器,用于我们的监督HEV控制器。虽然由于对实时计算的要求,同一问题的这两个方面的实现方法有很大不同,但它们代表了相同的电池动态。将该算法应用于实际的混合动力汽车,并给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 7
Optimal Actuator/Sensor Placement for Control of Combustion Instabilities 燃烧不稳定性控制的致动器/传感器优化配置
Nidal Al-Masoud, T. Singh
In this paper, a methodology is proposed for determination of optimal actuator and sensor locations for the control of combustion instabilities. The proposed approach relies on certain quantitative measures of degree of controllability and observability based on the controllability and observability grammians. These criteria are arrived at by considering the energies of system’s inputs and outputs. The optimality criteria for sensor and actuator locations provide a balance between the importance of the lower order and the higher order modes. It is assumed that the control input is provided by a finite number of point actuators, and the instantaneous conditions in the chamber are monitored, in general, by multiple sensors.
本文提出了一种控制燃烧不稳定性的最佳执行器和传感器位置的确定方法。该方法依赖于基于可控性和可观察性语法的可控性和可观察性程度的定量度量。这些准则是通过考虑系统输入和输出的能量而得到的。传感器和执行器位置的最优性标准在低阶和高阶模式的重要性之间提供了平衡。假设控制输入由有限数量的点执行器提供,并且通常由多个传感器监测腔内的瞬时条件。
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引用次数: 4
Identification of a Driver Steering Model, and Model Uncertainty, From Driving Simulator Data 从驾驶模拟器数据中识别驾驶员转向模型和模型不确定性
Liang-kuang Chen, A. Galip Ulsoy
Driver steering models have been extensively studied. However, driver model uncertainty has received relatively little attention. For active safety systems that function while the driver is still in the control loop, such uncertainty can affect overall system performance significantly. In this paper, an approach to obtain both the driver model and its uncertainty from driving simulator data is presented. The structured uncertainty is used to represent the driver’s time-varying behavior, and the unstructured uncertainty is used to account for unmodeled dynamics. The uncertainty models can be used to represent both the uncertainty within one driver and the uncertainty across multiple drivers. The results show that the unstructured uncertainty is significant, probably due to randomness in driver behavior. The structured uncertainty suggests that an estimation and adaptation scheme might be applicable for the design of controllers for active safety systems.
驾驶员转向模型已经得到了广泛的研究。然而,驾驶员模型的不确定性受到的关注相对较少。对于主动安全系统来说,当驾驶员仍处于控制回路中时,这种不确定性会显著影响系统的整体性能。本文提出了一种从驾驶模拟器数据中获取驾驶员模型及其不确定性的方法。结构不确定性用于表示驾驶员的时变行为,非结构不确定性用于解释未建模的动力学。不确定性模型既可以表示一个驱动因素内部的不确定性,也可以表示多个驱动因素之间的不确定性。结果表明,非结构化不确定性是显著的,这可能是由于驾驶员行为的随机性。结构不确定性表明一种估计和自适应方案可能适用于主动安全系统控制器的设计。
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引用次数: 92
First Order Analysis for Automotive Designs 汽车设计的一阶分析
Y. Kojima, H. Nishigaki, H. Sugiura, S. Nishiwaki, N. Kikuchi
In current automotive development, innovations to reduce development time and to use a virtual prototype have been numerous and progressive. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has played an important role in these innovations. CAE numerically estimates the performance of automobiles and proposes alternative ideas that lead to higher performance without building physical prototypes. However, current CAE can not usually be used at the initial design phase due to their difficult, and complex functions and characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new type of CAE, First Order Analysis (FOA). The basic ideas include: (1) graphic interfaces using Microsoft /Excel to achieve a product-oriented analysis, (2) use of mechanics of materials to provide useful information regarding structural mechanisms, and (3) a topology optimization method using function oriented elements. Also, some prototype software is presented to confirm the applicability of method presented here to the automotive designs.
在当前的汽车开发中,减少开发时间和使用虚拟原型的创新已经大量出现。计算机辅助工程(CAE)在这些创新中发挥了重要作用。CAE对汽车的性能进行数值估计,并提出替代方案,从而在不构建物理原型的情况下实现更高的性能。然而,目前的CAE由于其困难、复杂的功能和特性,通常不能在初始设计阶段使用。本文提出了一种新的CAE方法——一阶分析(FOA)。基本思想包括:(1)使用Microsoft /Excel的图形界面来实现面向产品的分析;(2)使用材料力学来提供有关结构机制的有用信息;(3)使用功能导向元素的拓扑优化方法。最后给出了一些原型软件,验证了本文方法在汽车设计中的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference
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