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Sensor-Based Coverage for Demining: Exact Cellular Decompositions and Uncertain Detectors 基于传感器的排雷覆盖:精确细胞分解和不确定检测器
H. Choset, Ercan U. Acar, Yangang Zhang, M. Schervish
Coverage path planning is the determination of a path that a robot must take in order to pass itself, a detector, or some other effector over each point in an environment. Applications include demining, floor scrubbing, and inspection. In previous work, we developed the boustrophedon cellular decomposition, an exact cellular decomposition approach, for the purposes of coverage. Each cell in the boustrophedon decomposition is covered with simple back and forth motions. Therefore, coverage is reduced to finding an exhaustive path through a graph that represents the adjacency relationships of the cells in the boustrophedon decomposition. Such a path will ensure that a detector passes over all points in the environment, but it does not guarantee that all ordnance is indeed detected because mine detectors have error. Therefore, we also consider probabilistic methods to determine paths for the robot to maximize the likelihood of detecting all ordnance in a target location using a priori known information.
覆盖路径规划是确定机器人必须采取的路径,以便通过环境中的每个点,探测器或其他效应器。应用包括排雷,地板擦洗和检查。在以前的工作中,我们开发了一种精确的细胞分解方法,用于覆盖。腐肉分解过程中的每个细胞都有简单的前后运动。因此,覆盖被简化为通过表示boustrophedon分解中细胞邻接关系的图找到穷尽路径。这样的路径将确保探测器通过环境中的所有点,但它不能保证确实探测到所有弹药,因为地雷探测器有误差。因此,我们还考虑概率方法来确定机器人的路径,以最大限度地利用先验已知信息在目标位置检测到所有弹药的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Networked Control of Distributed Systems: A Testbed 分布式系统的网络控制:一个试验台
A. Stubbs, G. Dullerud
A testbed for networked control of dynamical systems, recently developed by the authors at the University of Illinois, is described. It is comprised of planar aerial vehicles (hovercraft) which use the Bluetooth chipset for wireless communication, and inertial and vision sensing. The testbed is directly connected, via a Linux-based ground station, to a large Internet networking laboratory containing numerous routers, and thus the developed facility has the capability to model numerous wireless and Internet scenarios in networked control.
本文描述了由伊利诺伊大学的作者最近开发的一个动力系统网络控制试验台。它由平面飞行器(气垫船)组成,使用蓝牙芯片组进行无线通信,以及惯性和视觉传感。该试验台通过基于linux的地面站直接连接到包含众多路由器的大型互联网网络实验室,因此开发的设施具有模拟网络控制中的众多无线和互联网场景的能力。
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引用次数: 17
Proper Filter Design Procedure for Vibration Suppression Using Delay-Error-Order Curves 利用延迟-误差阶曲线抑制振动的适当滤波器设计程序
D. Economou, C. Mavroidis, I. Antoniadis
Vibration suppression can be performed by digital filtering the input to the flexible system. Traditional digital filters have been proved to be efficient for vibration suppression, when they are properly designed. In order to ensure the proper filter design, the Delay-Error-Order (DEO) curves are introduced, to be used as a filter design tool. Based on the DEO curves, the vibration suppression properties and capabilities of the filter can be related with the design parameters involved in the traditional filter design methods. Using the DEO curves, the filters designed by means of conventional design methods posses excellent vibration suppression capabilities. This design procedure is presented in detail in this paper and an example of the application of the method is included.
通过对柔性系统的输入进行数字滤波,可以实现振动抑制。传统的数字滤波器在设计合理的情况下具有良好的抑振效果。为了保证滤波器设计的正确性,引入了延迟误差阶数(DEO)曲线作为滤波器设计的工具。基于DEO曲线,传统滤波器设计方法中所涉及的设计参数可以与滤波器的抑振性能和能力相关联。利用DEO曲线,采用常规设计方法设计的滤波器具有良好的抑振能力。本文详细介绍了该方法的设计过程,并给出了应用实例。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent Image Correlation Using Genetic Algorithms for Measuring Surface Displacements and Strain Profiles 利用遗传算法测量表面位移和应变曲线的智能图像相关
Alan Pilch, Jay Maudlin, A. Mahajan, T. Chu
This paper presents an intelligent digital image correlation technique that uses genetic algorithms to estimate surface displacements and strains. Speckle patterns are spray painted on the surface of interest and pictures taken before and during loading. Subpixel resolution, required for measuring displacements and strains accurately, is obtained by using interpolation methods. An innovative procedure based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is used that directly gives two displacements and four deformation gradients for a subset being investigated. The genetic algorithms guarantee a solution based on an innovative calibration procedure. The focus of this paper is the description of the GA routine used for the search process as well as the calibration scheme. Results are presented for measuring rigid-body displacement and uniform normal strain as proof of concept. Some potential applications for this work are to extract surface displacements and strains on aircraft, spacecraft and reusable launch vehicles, submarine and ship hulls, civil infrastructures such as bridges, dams and buildings, and biomedical imaging applications.
本文提出了一种利用遗传算法估计表面位移和应变的智能数字图像相关技术。斑点图案喷漆在感兴趣的表面和照片拍摄之前和期间加载。利用插值方法获得了精确测量位移和应变所需的亚像素分辨率。采用一种基于遗传算法(GAs)的创新方法,直接给出所研究子集的两个位移和四个变形梯度。遗传算法保证了基于创新校准程序的解决方案。本文的重点是描述用于搜索过程的遗传算法和校准方案。给出了测量刚体位移和均匀法向应变的结果作为概念的证明。这项工作的一些潜在应用是提取飞机、航天器和可重复使用的运载火箭、潜艇和船体、桥梁、水坝和建筑物等民用基础设施以及生物医学成像应用的表面位移和应变。
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引用次数: 2
Optimal Configuration of Ultrasonic Sensors in a 3D Position Estimation System Using Genetic Algorithms 基于遗传算法的超声传感器三维位置估计系统优化配置
Probir Kumar Ray, N. Unnikrishnan, A. Mahajan
This paper provides a genetic algorithm based approach to calculate the optimal placement of receivers in a 3D position estimation system that uses the difference in the time-of-arrivals (TOA) of an ultrasonic wave from a transmitter to the different receivers fixed in 3D space. This is a different approach to traditional systems that use the actual time-of-flights (TOF) from the transmitter to the different receivers and triangulate the position of the transmitter. The new approach makes the system more accurate, makes the transmitter independent of the receivers and does not require the need of calculating the time delay term that is inherent in traditional systems due to delays caused by the electronic circuitry. This paper presents a thorough analysis of receiver configurations in the 2D and 3D system that lead to singularities, i.e. locations of receivers that lead to formulations that can not be solved due to a shortage of information. It provides guidelines of where not to place receivers, and further, presents a detailed analysis of locations that are optimal, i.e. locations that lead to the most accurate estimation of the transmitter positions. The results presented in this paper are not only applicable to ultrasonic systems, but all systems that use wave theory, e.g. infrared, laser, etc. This work finds applications in virtual reality cells, robotics, guidance of indoor autonomous vehicles and vibration analysis.
本文提供了一种基于遗传算法的方法来计算三维位置估计系统中接收器的最佳位置,该方法利用从发射器到固定在三维空间中的不同接收器的超声波到达时间(TOA)的差异。这是一种不同于传统系统的方法,传统系统使用从发射机到不同接收器的实际飞行时间(TOF),并对发射机的位置进行三角测量。新方法使系统更加精确,使发射器独立于接收器,并且不需要计算传统系统由于电子电路引起的延迟所固有的时间延迟项。本文对2D和3D系统中导致奇点的接收器配置进行了深入分析,即接收器的位置导致由于缺乏信息而无法解决的公式。它提供了不放置接收器的指导方针,并进一步详细分析了最佳位置,即导致最准确估计发射器位置的位置。本文的结果不仅适用于超声波系统,也适用于所有使用波动理论的系统,如红外、激光等。这项工作在虚拟现实单元、机器人、室内自动驾驶汽车的引导和振动分析中得到了应用。
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引用次数: 1
A New Model of Improved Accuracy for the Dynamic Behavior of Spur Gears 一种提高直齿圆柱齿轮动态特性精度的新模型
C. Spitas, T. Costopoulos
A new model of improved accuracy is proposed for the simulation of the dynamic behavior of a pair of spur gears that are free from manufacturing and mounting errors. The load-induced expansion of the actual path of contact with the occurrence of tooth edge contact is taken into account in order to better explain the tooth load sharing process near the lowest and highest point of single tooth contact (LPSTC, HPSTC). In addition, an accurate friction model is utilised and the effect of elastohydrodynamic lubricant film formation on gear vibration is taken into account. Simulation results are extracted for various operating speeds and an evaluation of the proposed model is conducted. The model is constructed in a modular fashion and can consequently be used as a building block for larger mechanisms, such as gear trains and multi-stage gearboxes.
提出了一种精度更高的新模型,用于模拟无制造误差和安装误差的直齿直齿轮的动态特性。为了更好地解释单齿接触最低点和最高点(LPSTC, HPSTC)附近的齿载分担过程,考虑了齿边接触发生时实际接触路径的载荷引起的扩展。此外,采用了精确的摩擦模型,考虑了弹流润滑膜的形成对齿轮振动的影响。提取了不同运行速度下的仿真结果,并对所提模型进行了评价。该模型以模块化方式构建,因此可以用作大型机构的构建块,例如齿轮系和多级齿轮箱。
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引用次数: 8
Fault Diagnostic System Design Using LMIs, With Applications to Health Monitoring for GPS-Based Lateral Vehicle Control 基于lmi的故障诊断系统设计及其在gps横向车辆控制健康监测中的应用
R. Rajamani, Ankur Shrivastava
This paper develops an explicit design methodology for development of observer-based sensor health monitoring systems using Linear Matrix Inequalities. The developed methodology applies to linear parameter-varying systems with three or more sensors in which the state is observable through any one of the sensors. A fault in any of the system sensors can be uniquely identified by the diagnostic system. The developed methodology is applied to health monitoring of the lateral sensors on a GPS-controlled truck. A set of three sensors on the truck consisting of a GPS system, a lateral accelerometer and a yaw-rate gyroscope is considered. The performance of the fault diagnostic system is documented from extensive experimental results. Experimental results show that the fault diagnostic system can correctly detect a failure in any of the 3 sensors and accurately identify the source of the fault.
本文利用线性矩阵不等式开发了一种基于观测器的传感器健康监测系统的显式设计方法。所开发的方法适用于具有三个或更多传感器的线性参数变化系统,其中状态可以通过任何一个传感器观察到。诊断系统可以唯一地识别任何系统传感器中的故障。将所开发的方法应用于gps控制卡车横向传感器的健康监测。在卡车上安装一套由GPS系统、横向加速度计和偏航速率陀螺仪组成的三种传感器。从大量的实验结果中证明了故障诊断系统的性能。实验结果表明,该故障诊断系统能够正确检测出3个传感器中的任意一个传感器的故障,并准确地识别出故障的来源。
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引用次数: 0
A Fault Accommodating Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Under Thruster Redundancy and Saturation 推进器冗余饱和条件下自主水下航行器的容错控制
T.K. Podder, N. Sarkar
An approach to the allocation of thruster forces of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is investigated in this paper. Generally, the number of thrusters in an AUV is more than what is minimally required to produce the desired motion. This paper presents a framework that exploits the excess number of thrusters to accommodate thruster faults during operation. First, a redundancy resolution scheme is presented that takes into account the presence of excess number of thrusters along with any thruster faults, and determines the reference thruster forces to produce the desired motion. This framework is then extended to incorporate a dynamic state feedback technique to generate reference thruster forces that are within the saturation limit of each thruster. These reference thruster forces are utilized in the thruster controller to generate the required motion. This approach resolves the thruster redundancy in the Cartesian space and allows the AUV to track the task-space trajectories with asymptotic reduction of the task-space errors. Results from computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the viability of the proposed scheme.
研究了自主水下航行器(AUV)推进器力的分配方法。一般来说,AUV中的推进器数量超过了产生所需运动的最低要求。本文提出了一种利用多余的推进器数量来适应运行过程中推进器故障的框架。首先,提出了一种冗余分解方案,该方案考虑了存在过多的推进器数量以及任何推进器故障,并确定了产生所需运动的参考推进器力。然后将该框架扩展为包含动态反馈技术,以生成在每个推进器饱和限制内的参考推进器力。在推力器控制器中利用这些参考推力器力来产生所需的运动。该方法解决了在笛卡尔空间中推进器冗余的问题,使AUV能够在任务空间误差渐近减小的情况下跟踪任务空间轨迹。计算机仿真结果证明了该方案的可行性。
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引用次数: 2
Neural-Based Remote Health Assessment and Failure Diagnostics 基于神经的远程健康评估和故障诊断
R. Shoureshi, B. Terry
As industrial competition intensifies, and more emphasis is placed on increased productivity and cost reduction, the development of a means to automatically monitor and assess the health of plant equipment becomes more important. This paper presents results of our research that integrates advances in the use of feature extraction, artificial neural networks, and communication/networking techniques for remote health assessment and failure diagnostics of laboratory and industrial rotating machinery. The key features of this effort are the ability to use internet for remote diagnostics, and combined Welch’s transformation and neural networks for signature creation and analysis.
随着工业竞争的加剧,越来越重视提高生产率和降低成本,开发一种自动监测和评估工厂设备健康状况的手段变得更加重要。本文介绍了我们的研究成果,整合了特征提取、人工神经网络和通信/网络技术在实验室和工业旋转机械的远程健康评估和故障诊断方面的进展。这项工作的主要特点是能够使用互联网进行远程诊断,并将韦尔奇的转换和神经网络结合起来进行签名创建和分析。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Multivariable Control of an Earthmoving Vehicle Powertrain 土方车辆动力系统建模与多变量控制
Rong Zhang, Eko Prasetiawan, A. Alleyne
Coordination of the power distribution in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) electrohydraulic transmission is investigated for the case of an earthmoving vehicle powertrain. A generalized model of a representative system is presented along with the development of both H2 and H∞ MIMO controller designs. The controllers are developed based on a linearized model of the system about some nominal operating point Multiple inputs are coordinated to control multiple load outputs simultaneously. Since typical MIMO electrohydraulic transmission systems have significant nonlinear dynamics that vary with system operating conditions, a robust controller design is paramount The increased robustness of the H∞ controller over the H2 scheme is demonstrated qualitatively in the time domain through both disturbance rejection and trajectory tracking comparisons. A frequency domain criterion quantitatively provides quantifiable comparisons between the two methods. Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments validate the modeling and control performance on an Earthmoving Vehicle Powertrain Simulator (EVPS).
以土方车辆动力系统为例,研究了多输入多输出(MIMO)电液传动系统的功率分配协调问题。随着H2和H∞MIMO控制器设计的发展,提出了代表性系统的广义模型。该控制器是基于系统关于某个标称工作点的线性化模型开发的,多个输入协调以同时控制多个负载输出。由于典型的MIMO电液传动系统具有随系统运行条件而变化的显著非线性动力学,因此鲁棒控制器设计至关重要。通过干扰抑制和轨迹跟踪比较,在时域定性地证明了H∞控制器在H2方案上的鲁棒性增加。频域判据定量地提供了两种方法之间的可量化比较。硬件在环实验验证了在土方车辆动力系统模拟器(EVPS)上的建模和控制性能。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference
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