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AN ULTRA-COMPACT AND REPRODUCIBLE FIBER TIP MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SENSING (invited) 一种用于高温传感的超紧凑和可重复的光纤尖端迈克尔逊干涉仪(邀请)
Xun Wu, Shengnan Wu, Xiaolu Chen, Hua-Kuei Lin, E. Forsberg, Sailing He
An ultra-compact fiber tip Michelson interferometer (MI), primarily aimed for a reproducible and stable high-temperature sensing probe is developed and demonstrated. Both singlemode fiber (SMF) and polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) are considered and compared. The tip MI is fabricated by only using a one-step partial-polishing technique, which forms a half oblique and half vertical end face and functions as a beam splitter. A wide spectra analysis proved that the interferometer has an optical path difference (OPD) that is consistent across samples. When the lead-in fiber suffers from bending or twisting, the interference spectrum for the PMF case is more stable than that for the SMF case. Experimental results show a linear average temperature sensitivity of 15.15 pm/◦C in the range of 100◦C to 1000◦C for three tested PMF samples, and the difference between the sensitivities of the samples is less than 4.0%. The ease of fabrication, highly compact structure, reproducibility, and excellent resistance to mechanical disturbance performance suggest that the proposed PMF tip MI is highly promising as a high temperature sensing probe with high spatial resolution.
一种超紧凑的光纤尖端迈克尔逊干涉仪(MI),主要用于可重复和稳定的高温传感探头的开发和演示。对单模光纤(SMF)和保偏光纤(PMF)进行了比较。尖端MI仅采用一步局部抛光技术制造,形成半斜半垂直端面,起到分束器的作用。宽光谱分析证明,该干涉仪的光程差(OPD)在样品间是一致的。当引入光纤受到弯曲或扭曲时,PMF壳体的干扰谱比SMF壳体的干扰谱更稳定。实验结果表明,在100◦C至1000◦C范围内,三种被测PMF样品的线性平均温度灵敏度为15.15 pm/◦C,样品之间的灵敏度差异小于4.0%。易于制造、高度紧凑的结构、可重复性和优异的抗机械干扰性能表明,所提出的PMF尖端MI是一种具有高空间分辨率的高温传感探头。
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引用次数: 0
CALCULATIONS OF BANDS AND BAND FIELD SOLUTIONS IN TOPOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS USING THE BROADBAND GREEN'S FUNCTION-KKR-MULTIPLE SCATTERING METHOD 利用宽带格林函数- kkr -多重散射法计算拓扑声学中的频带和频带场解
L. Tsang, T. Liao, Shurun Tan
In this paper, we apply the BBGF-KKR-MST (Broadband Green’s function-KKR-Multiple Scattering Theory) to calculate Band Structures and Band Field Solutions in topological acoustics. A feature of BBGF is that the lattice Green’s functions are broadband, and the transformations to cylindrical waves are calculated rapidly for many frequencies for speedy calculation of the determinant of the KKR equation. For the two bands of interest, only 5 cylindrical waves are sufficient so that the dimension of the eigenvalue matrix equation is only 5. The CPU time requirement, including setup and using MATLAB on a standard laptop, is 5 milliseconds for a band eigenvalue. Using the eigenvalue and scattered field eigenvector, the field in the cell is calculated by higher order cylindrical waves. The exciting field of higher order cylindrical waves requires only 11 coefficients to represent the band field solutions in the cell. Comparisons are made with the results of the volume integral equation method and the commercial software COMSOL. The BBGF-KKR-MST method is significantly faster.
本文应用BBGF-KKR-MST(宽带格林函数- kkr -多重散射理论)计算拓扑声学中的带结构和带场解。BBGF的一个特点是晶格格林函数是宽带的,并且在许多频率下快速计算圆柱波的变换,以便快速计算KKR方程的行列式。对于两个感兴趣的波段,只有5个柱面波是足够的,所以特征值矩阵方程的维数只有5。CPU时间要求,包括在标准笔记本电脑上设置和使用MATLAB,是5毫秒的波段特征值。利用本征值和散射场本征向量,利用高阶柱面波计算单元内的场。高阶圆柱波的激励场只需要11个系数就可以表示单元内的带场解。并与体积积分方程法和商用软件COMSOL的计算结果进行了比较。BBGF-KKR-MST方法明显更快。
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引用次数: 9
A SINGLE-LAYER FOCUSING METASURFACE BASED ON INDUCED MAGNETISM 基于感应磁的单层聚焦超表面
H. Hao, Xuehong Ran, Yihao Tang, Sen Zheng, Wei Ruan
A transmissive single-layer Huygens unit cell based on induced magnetism is proposed to design low-profile and multi-focus metasurface. The Huygens unit cell consists of a pair of antisymmetric metal elements and a dielectric substrate with only 1.2mm thickness (λ0/6.8 at 37GHz). The surface currents flowing in the opposite directions form the circulating electric currents to induce the magnetic currents orthogonal to the electric currents. The full coverage of 2π phase is achieved through optimizing the parameters of the metal elements, which solves the problem of the incomplete phase coverage caused by layer number reduction. With Holographic theory, the compensating phase distribution on the metasurface is calculated. The incident plane wave can be converged to designated points in any desired fashion including focal number, location, and intensity distribution, which exhibits outstanding manipulation capability. As the simulations and measured results show, the designed metasurface can achieve good multi-focus focusing characteristics. The focusing efficiency at the center frequency is 43.78%, and the relative bandwidth with 20% focusing efficiency exceeds 20%. The designed metasurface has the advantages of low profile, simple processing, and high efficiency, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave imaging, biomedical diagnosis and detection.
提出了一种基于感应磁性的透射单层惠更斯单元电池,用于设计低轮廓多聚焦超表面。惠更斯单元电池由一对反对称金属元件和厚度仅为1.2mm(在37GHz时为λ0/6.8)的介电衬底组成。在相反方向流动的表面电流形成循环电流,以感应与电流正交的磁电流。通过优化金属元素的参数,实现了2π相的全覆盖,解决了层数减少导致的相覆盖不完全的问题。利用全息理论计算了补偿相位在超表面上的分布。入射平面波可以以任何方式收敛到指定的点,包括焦点数、位置和强度分布,具有出色的操纵能力。仿真和实测结果表明,所设计的超表面具有良好的多焦点聚焦特性。中心频率处的聚焦效率为43.78%,聚焦效率为20%时的相对带宽超过20%。所设计的超表面具有外形低、加工简单、效率高等优点,在毫米波成像、生物医学诊断检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
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引用次数: 8
MULTIMODAL 2.5D CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY 多模态2.5d卷积神经网络在磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描诊断阿尔茨海默病中的应用
Xuyang Zhang, Weiming Lin, Min Xiao, Huazhi Ji
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system that often occurs in the elderly. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) reflect the brain’s anatomical changes and functional changes caused by AD, they are often used to diagnose AD. Multimodal fusion based on these two types of images can effectively utilize complementary information and improve diagnostic performance. To avoid the computational complexity of the 3D image and expand training samples, this study designed an AD diagnosis framework based on a 2.5D convolutional neural network (CNN) to fuse multimodal data. First, MRI and PET were preprocessed with skull stripping and registration. After that, multiple 2.5D patches were extracted within the hippocampus regions from both MRI and PET. Then, we constructed a multimodal 2.5D CNN to integrate the multimodal information fromMRI and PET patches. We also utilized a training strategy called branches pre-training to enhance the feature extraction ability of the 2.5D CNN by pre-training two branches with corresponding modalities individually. Finally, the results of patches are used to diagnose AD and progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) patients from normal controls (NC). The experiments were conducted with the ADNI dataset, and accuracies of 92.89% and 84.07% were achieved in the AD vs. NC and pMCI vs. NC tasks. The results are much better than using single modality and indicate that the proposed multimodal 2.5D CNN could effectively integrate complementary information from multi-modality and yield a promising AD diagnosis performance.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经系统退行性疾病,常见于老年人。磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射断层扫描(PET)反映了AD引起的大脑解剖变化和功能变化,因此常被用于AD的诊断。基于这两类图像的多模态融合可以有效地利用互补信息,提高诊断性能。为了避免三维图像的计算复杂性,扩大训练样本,本研究设计了一个基于2.5D卷积神经网络(CNN)的AD诊断框架,融合多模态数据。首先,对MRI和PET进行颅骨剥离和配准预处理。然后在MRI和PET上提取海马区域内多个2.5D斑块。然后,我们构建了一个多模态2.5D CNN来整合来自mri和PET贴片的多模态信息。我们还采用分支预训练的训练策略,通过分别预训练具有相应模态的两个分支来增强2.5D CNN的特征提取能力。最后,使用贴片的结果来诊断AD和进行性轻度认知障碍(pMCI)患者,而不是正常对照(NC)。在ADNI数据集上进行实验,AD与NC、pMCI与NC任务的准确率分别达到92.89%和84.07%。结果表明,多模态2.5D CNN可以有效地整合多模态的互补信息,具有较好的AD诊断效果。
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引用次数: 0
SELF-DUAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS 电磁学中的自对偶边界条件
I. Lindell, A. Sihvola
Invariance in duality transformation, the self-dual property, has important applications in electromagnetic engineering. In the present paper, the problem of most general linear and local boundary conditions with self-dual property is studied. Expressing the boundary conditions in terms of a generalized impedance dyadic, the self-dual boundaries fall in two sets depending on symmetry or antisymmetry of the impedance dyadic. Previously known cases are found to appear as special cases of the general theory. Plane-wave reflection from boundaries defined by each of the two cases of self-dual conditions are analyzed and waves matched to the corresponding boundaries are determined. As a numerical example, reflection from a special case, the self-dual EH boundary, is computed for two planes of incidence.
对偶变换中的不变性,即自对偶性质,在电磁工程中有着重要的应用。本文研究了具有自对偶性质的最一般线性和局部边界条件的问题。用广义阻抗并矢表示边界条件,根据阻抗并矢的对称性或反对称性,自对偶边界可以分为两组。以前已知的情况被发现为一般理论的特殊情况。分析了两种自对偶条件下边界的平面波反射,确定了与相应边界相匹配的波。作为一个数值例子,计算了自对偶EH边界这一特殊情况对两个入射平面的反射。
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引用次数: 2
SHIELDING OF AN IMPERFECT METALLIC THIN CIRCULAR DISK: EXACT AND LOW-FREQUENCY ANALYTICAL SOLUTION 不完美金属薄圆盘的屏蔽:精确低频解析解
G. Lovat, P. Burghignoli, R. Araneo, S. Celozzi, A. Andreotti, D. Assante, L. Verolino
The problem of evaluating the shielding effectiveness of a thin metallic circular disk with finite conductivity against an axially symmetric vertical magnetic dipole is addressed. First, the thin metallic disk is modeled through an appropriate boundary condition, and then, as for the perfectly conducting counterpart, the problem is reduced to a set of dual integral equations which are solved in an exact form through the application of the Galerkin method in the Hankel transform domain. A second-kind Fredholm infinite matrix-operator equation is obtained by selecting a suitable set of basis functions. A low-frequency solution is finally extracted in a closed form. Through a comparison with results obtained from a full-wave commercial software, it is shown that such a simple approximate solution is accurate up to the frequency where the surface-impedance model of the thin disk is valid.
研究了有限导电性薄金属圆盘对轴对称垂直磁偶极子屏蔽效能的评价问题。首先,通过适当的边界条件对金属薄盘进行建模,然后,对于完全导电的金属薄盘,将其简化为对偶积分方程,并在Hankel变换域应用伽辽金方法以精确形式进行求解。通过选取合适的基函数集,得到了第二类Fredholm无限矩阵算子方程。最后以封闭形式提取出低频解。通过与全波商业软件计算结果的比较,表明这种简单近似解在薄圆盘表面阻抗模型有效的频率范围内是准确的。
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引用次数: 9
DISTINGUISHING BIPOLAR DEPRESSION FROM MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER USING FNIRS AND DEEP NEURAL NETWORK 利用fnirs和深度神经网络鉴别双相抑郁与重性抑郁障碍
Tengfei Ma, Hailong Lyu, Jingjing Liu, Yuting Xia, C. Qian, Julian S Evans, Wei-juan Xu, Jianbo Hu, Shao-hua Hu, and Sailing He
A variety of psychological scales are utilized at present as the most important basis for clinical diagnosis of mood disorders. An experienced psychiatrist assesses and diagnoses mood disorders based on clinical symptoms and relevant assessment scores. This symptom based clinical criterion is limited by the psychiatrist’s experience. In practice, it is difficult to distinguish the patients with bipolar disorder with depression episode (bipolar depression, BD) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology is commonly used to perceive the emotions of a human. It measures the hemodynamic parameters of the brain, which correlate with cerebral activation. Here, we propose a machine learning classification method based on deep neural network for the brain activations of mood disorders. Large time scale connectivity is determined using an attention long short term memory neural network and short-time feature information are considered using the InceptionTime neural network in this method. Our combined method is referred to as AttentionLSTM-InceptionTime (ALSTMIT). We collected fNIRS data of 36 MDD patients and 48 BD patients who were in the depressed state. All the patients were monitored by fNIRS during conducting the verbal fluency task (VFT). We trained the model with the ALSTMIT network. The algorithm can distinguish the two types of patients effectively: the average accuracy of classification on the test set can reach 96.2% stably. The classification can provide an objective diagnosis tool for clinicians, and this algorithm may be critical for the early detection and precise treatment for the patients with mood disorders.
多种心理量表是目前临床上诊断心境障碍最重要的依据。经验丰富的精神科医生根据临床症状和相关的评估分数来评估和诊断情绪障碍。这种基于症状的临床标准受到精神科医生经验的限制。在实践中,双相情感障碍伴抑郁发作(bipolar depression, BD)患者与重度抑郁障碍(major depressive disorder, MDD)患者难以区分。功能近红外光谱(fNIRS)技术通常用于感知人类的情绪。它测量大脑的血流动力学参数,这些参数与大脑活动有关。在此,我们提出了一种基于深度神经网络的机器学习分类方法,用于情绪障碍的大脑激活。该方法使用注意、长、短时记忆神经网络确定大时间尺度的连通性,使用InceptionTime神经网络考虑短时特征信息。我们的组合方法被称为AttentionLSTM-InceptionTime (ALSTMIT)。我们收集了36例重度抑郁症患者和48例抑郁状态BD患者的fNIRS数据。所有患者在进行语言流畅性测试(VFT)时均采用fNIRS监测。我们用ALSTMIT网络训练模型。该算法能够有效区分两类患者,在测试集上的平均分类准确率稳定达到96.2%。分类可以为临床医生提供客观的诊断工具,该算法可能对情绪障碍患者的早期发现和精确治疗至关重要。
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引用次数: 8
INVESTIGATION OF NEW SECTORED HEMISPHERICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS OPERATING AT TM101 AND TE111 MODE FOR CIRCULAR POLARIZATION 圆极化工作于tm101和te111模式的新型扇形半球形介质谐振器天线的研究
R. Chowdhury, R. Chaudhary
—This article discusses the effect of sectorization technique in a hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) for the first time with its significant effects on electromagnetic modes and various antenna parameters. The sector angle ( β ) forms an additional framework for better optimization of HDRA. The resonance frequency, impedance bandwidth, co-cross polarization characteristics have been investigated in new sectored HDRA geometries excited at their TE 111 and TM 101 modes. Further, examination of circular polarization (CP) is carried out by detuning of degenerate orthogonal modes in HDRAs, and β = 180 ◦ has been particularly examined in details for CP. Based on the results, appropriate values of ‘ β ’ and probe position ( P r ) are chosen followed by modelling a prototype and experimental.
本文首次讨论了半球形介质谐振器天线(HDRA)中扇形技术对电磁模式和各天线参数的显著影响。扇形角(β)为更好地优化HDRA提供了额外的框架。在TE 111和TM 101模式下,研究了新型扇形HDRA几何结构的共振频率、阻抗带宽和共交叉极化特性。此外,通过对HDRAs中退化正交模的失谐来检测圆偏振(CP),并对圆偏振的β = 180◦进行了详细的研究。根据结果,选择了合适的“β”值和探针位置(P r),然后建立了原型和实验模型。
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引用次数: 3
MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF WAVES BY COMPLEX OBJECTS USING HYBRID METHOD OF T-MATRIX AND FOLDY-LAX EQUATIONS USING VECTOR SPHERICAL WAVES AND VECTOR SPHEROIDAL WAVES 利用矢量球波和矢量球波的t矩阵和折叠松弛方程混合方法研究复杂物体对波的多重散射
Huanting Huang, L. Tsang, A. Colliander, R. Shah, Xiaolan Xu, S. Yueh
In this paper, we develop numerical methods for using vector spherical and spheroidal waves in the hybrid method to calculate the multiple scattering of objects of complex shapes, based on the rigorous solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL). The steps in the hybrid method are: (1) calculating the T -matrix of each single object using vector spherical/spheroidal waves and (2) vector spherical/spheroidal waves addition theorem. We utilize the commercial software HFSS to calculate the scattered fields of a complex object on the circumscribing sphere or spheroid for multiple incidences and polarizations. The T -matrix of spherical waves or spheroidal waves are then obtained from these scattered fields. To perform wave transformations (i.e., addition theorem) for vector spherical/spheroidal waves, we develop robust numerical methods. Numerical results are illustrated for T-matrices and numerical vector addition theorems.
本文以折叠式多重散射方程(Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations, FL)的Maxwell方程的严格解为基础,发展了用矢量球面波和球面波混合方法计算复杂形状物体多重散射的数值方法。混合方法的步骤是:(1)利用矢量球/球面波计算每个单个物体的T矩阵;(2)矢量球/球面波加法定理。利用商业软件HFSS计算了复杂物体在边界球面或椭球面上的多次入射和极化散射场。然后从这些散射场得到球面波或球面波的T矩阵。为了对矢量球面/球面波进行波变换(即加法定理),我们开发了鲁棒的数值方法。给出了t矩阵和数值向量加法定理的数值结果。
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引用次数: 6
ONE-ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN MEASUREMENT OF ON-WAFER ANTENNAS IN PROBE STATION ENVIRONMENT 探测站环境下片上天线单天线辐射方向图测量
Jianfang Zheng, J. Ala-Laurinaho, Z. Taylor, A. Räisänen
—We propose and demonstrate the use of radiation pattern measurement method for on-wafer antennas for the first time that is capable of in-depth antenna characterization with limited equipment. This one-antenna method extracts gain without the need for a second antenna in the on-wafer probe station environment. A combination of reference reflector translation and rotation allows radiation pattern sampling at multiple angles enabling characterization over the relevant solid angle. Several microstrip patch antennas with varying beam directions (0 ◦ , 20 ◦ , and 30 ◦ ) were measured with the proposed method over 120 ◦ in the H -plane with good agreement between simulation and experiment. The method offers a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for probe-fed, on-wafer antenna radiation performance characterization.
-首次提出并演示了对片上天线的辐射方向图测量方法的使用,该方法能够在有限的设备下进行深入的天线表征。这种单天线方法在片上探测站环境中无需第二个天线即可提取增益。参考反射镜平移和旋转的组合允许在多个角度进行辐射模式采样,从而能够在相关的立体角上进行表征。几种不同波束方向(0◦,20◦和30◦)的微带贴片天线在H平面120◦以上用所提出的方法进行了测量,仿真和实验之间具有良好的一致性。该方法为探针馈送的片上天线辐射性能表征提供了一种经济高效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium
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