Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-211
M. Grüninger, Bahar Aameri, Carmen S. Chui, T. Hahmann, Yi Ru
Multiple ontologies for units of measure have been proposed within the Applied Ontology community, and all of these ontologies introduce an array of new classes based on supposed distinctions between quantities, quantity kinds, and measures. Units are combined using notions of dimensional analysis that often conflate the combination of units with algebraic operations on real numbers. In this paper we present an alternative approach that shifts the focus to the connection between the units of measure and the physical objects and processes that are being measured. One of the key features of this approach is that it makes minimal ontological commitments with respect to the TUpperWare upper ontology – the only new classes that are introduced are the classes for the units of measure. We propose correct and complete axiomatizations for combining units of measure, and the correct axiomatization of the relationship between the units of measure and the existing
{"title":"Foundational Ontologies for Units of Measure","authors":"M. Grüninger, Bahar Aameri, Carmen S. Chui, T. Hahmann, Yi Ru","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-211","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple ontologies for units of measure have been proposed within the Applied Ontology community, and all of these ontologies introduce an array of new classes based on supposed distinctions between quantities, quantity kinds, and measures. Units are combined using notions of dimensional analysis that often conflate the combination of units with algebraic operations on real numbers. In this paper we present an alternative approach that shifts the focus to the connection between the units of measure and the physical objects and processes that are being measured. One of the key features of this approach is that it makes minimal ontological commitments with respect to the TUpperWare upper ontology – the only new classes that are introduced are the classes for the units of measure. We propose correct and complete axiomatizations for combining units of measure, and the correct axiomatization of the relationship between the units of measure and the existing","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"35 1","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73559950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-173
T. Hahmann
Mereotopological relations, such as contact, parthood and overlap, are central for representing spatial information qualitatively. While most existing mereotopological theories restrict models to entities of equal dimension (e.g., all are 2D regions), multidimensional mereotopologies are more flexible by allowing entities of different dimensions to co-exist. In many respects, they generalize traditional spatial data models based on geometric entities (points, simple lines, polylines, cells, polygon, and polyhedra) and algebraic topology that power much of the existing spatial information systems (e.g., GIS, CAD, and CAM). Geometric representations can typically be decomposed into atomic entities using set intersection and complementation operations, with non-atomic entities represented as sets of atomic ones. This paper accomplishes this for CODI, a first-order logic ontology of multidimensional mereotopology, by extending its axiomatization with the mereological closure operations intersection and difference that apply to pairs of regions regardless of their dimensions. We further prove that the extended theory satisfies important mereological principles and preserves many of the mathematical properties of set intersection and set difference. This decomposition addresses implementation concerns about the ontology CODI by offering a simple mechanism for determining the mereotopological relations between complex spatial entities, similar to the operations used in algebraic topological structures. It further underlines that CODI accommodates both quantitative/geometric and qualitative spatial knowledge.
{"title":"On Decomposition Operations in a Theory of Multidimensional Qualitative Space","authors":"T. Hahmann","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-173","url":null,"abstract":"Mereotopological relations, such as contact, parthood and overlap, are central for representing spatial information qualitatively. While most existing mereotopological theories restrict models to entities of equal dimension (e.g., all are 2D regions), multidimensional mereotopologies are more flexible by allowing entities of different dimensions to co-exist. In many respects, they generalize traditional spatial data models based on geometric entities (points, simple lines, polylines, cells, polygon, and polyhedra) and algebraic topology that power much of the existing spatial information systems (e.g., GIS, CAD, and CAM). Geometric representations can typically be decomposed into atomic entities using set intersection and complementation operations, with non-atomic entities represented as sets of atomic ones. This paper accomplishes this for CODI, a first-order logic ontology of multidimensional mereotopology, by extending its axiomatization with the mereological closure operations intersection and difference that apply to pairs of regions regardless of their dimensions. We further prove that the extended theory satisfies important mereological principles and preserves many of the mathematical properties of set intersection and set difference. This decomposition addresses implementation concerns about the ontology CODI by offering a simple mechanism for determining the mereotopological relations between complex spatial entities, similar to the operations used in algebraic topological structures. It further underlines that CODI accommodates both quantitative/geometric and qualitative spatial knowledge.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"19 1","pages":"173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85059241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-1
S. Borgo, P. Hitzler
{"title":"Some Open Issues After Twenty Years of Formal Ontology","authors":"S. Borgo, P. Hitzler","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78202413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-141
O. Kutz, N. Troquard, Maria M. Hedblom, Daniele Porello
{"title":"The Mouse and the Ball - Towards a Cognitively-Based and Ontologically-Grounded Logic of Agency","authors":"O. Kutz, N. Troquard, Maria M. Hedblom, Daniele Porello","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"34 1","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87298130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-06DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-359
Zena Wood
There is a growing need across many disciplines to be able to model and reason about groups of individuals (i.e., collectives) resulting in an increased interest within the field of ontology. In previous work a taxonomy of collectives was presented that allowed a user to distinguish the different types of collectives. The taxonomy classified each collective according to five criteria: membership, coherence, location, differentiation of role and depth. However the taxonomy is found to be lacking in terms of: addressing how changes in membership affect the identity of the collective, recognising the importance of role, and its sensitivity to temporal scope. Drawing from existing research this paper discusses how a collective can only be sufficiently characterised by considering the relationship between a collective, its members, the roles that they play and the coherence criteria (i.e., the reason that we consider a phenomenon to be a collective). Preliminary updates are suggested for the taxonomy that will allow collectives to be sufficiently characterised.
{"title":"Considering Collectives: Roles, Members and Goals","authors":"Zena Wood","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-359","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing need across many disciplines to be able to model and reason about groups of individuals (i.e., collectives) resulting in an increased interest within the field of ontology. In previous work a taxonomy of collectives was presented that allowed a user to distinguish the different types of collectives. The taxonomy classified each collective according to five criteria: membership, coherence, location, differentiation of role and depth. However the taxonomy is found to be lacking in terms of: addressing how changes in membership affect the identity of the collective, recognising the importance of role, and its sensitivity to temporal scope. Drawing from existing research this paper discusses how a collective can only be sufficiently characterised by considering the relationship between a collective, its members, the roles that they play and the coherence criteria (i.e., the reason that we consider a phenomenon to be a collective). Preliminary updates are suggested for the taxonomy that will allow collectives to be sufficiently characterised.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"1 1","pages":"359-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74846874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-06DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-23
B. Bennett, H. Du, Lucía Gómez Álvarez, A. Cohn
This paper aims to lay a foundation for a systematic study of mechanisms for construction of definitions within a formal theory, by investigating operators for incremental construction of definitions of new relations from an existing set of primitives and previously defined relations. To illustrate our method, we apply it to two of the best known relation sets studied in KRR: Allen's Interval Algebra and Region Connection Calculus. We also show that systematic exploration of definitional possibilities can yield interesting insights into relation sets that were originally defined in a more ad hoc way, and opens the possibility for discovering new vocabulary for extending or refining existing calculi or for developing completely new calculi.
{"title":"Defining Relations: A General Incremental Approach with Spatial Temporal Case Studies","authors":"B. Bennett, H. Du, Lucía Gómez Álvarez, A. Cohn","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-23","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to lay a foundation for a systematic study of mechanisms for construction of definitions within a formal theory, by investigating operators for incremental construction of definitions of new relations from an existing set of primitives and previously defined relations. To illustrate our method, we apply it to two of the best known relation sets studied in KRR: Allen's Interval Algebra and Region Connection Calculus. We also show that systematic exploration of definitional possibilities can yield interesting insights into relation sets that were originally defined in a more ad hoc way, and opens the possibility for discovering new vocabulary for extending or refining existing calculi or for developing completely new calculi.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"58 1","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88501006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-06DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-95
Fernando Roda, C. Zanni-Merk
Land use and urban development surveys involve the interpretation of a large volume of data coming from satellite images processing as well as from remote sensors networks. In order to facilitate this interpretation, the development of a multipurpose Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) framework for supporting geographical data perception is proposed here. The framework makes use of semantic technologies and relies on a novel knowledge model composed by a foundational ontology (DOLCE Ultra-Lite, also called DUL), three core reference ontologies (the Temporal Abstraction Ontology or TAO, the Semantic Sensor Network ontology or SSN and the SWRL Temporal Ontology or SWRLTO) and two specific domain ontologies (the Urban Ontology or URO and the Geographic Data ontology or GeoD, developed by our team). They play different and well specific roles in the whole process of perception. The paper shows how to apply SSN to manage measurements of geographical regions provided by satellite images processing software. In a similar way, TAO has been extended to deal with the abstractions resulting from geographical data interpretation. An example shows a SWRL based implementation of a perception process that gradually abstracts geographical features and objects.
{"title":"An Intelligent Data Analysis Framework for Supporting Perception of Geospatial Phenomena","authors":"Fernando Roda, C. Zanni-Merk","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-95","url":null,"abstract":"Land use and urban development surveys involve the interpretation of a large volume of data coming from satellite images processing as well as from remote sensors networks. In order to facilitate this interpretation, the development of a multipurpose Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) framework for supporting geographical data perception is proposed here. The framework makes use of semantic technologies and relies on a novel knowledge model composed by a foundational ontology (DOLCE Ultra-Lite, also called DUL), three core reference ontologies (the Temporal Abstraction Ontology or TAO, the Semantic Sensor Network ontology or SSN and the SWRL Temporal Ontology or SWRLTO) and two specific domain ontologies (the Urban Ontology or URO and the Geographic Data ontology or GeoD, developed by our team). They play different and well specific roles in the whole process of perception. The paper shows how to apply SSN to manage measurements of geographical regions provided by satellite images processing software. In a similar way, TAO has been extended to deal with the abstractions resulting from geographical data interpretation. An example shows a SWRL based implementation of a perception process that gradually abstracts geographical features and objects.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"8 1","pages":"95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84641946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-06DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-271
A. Galton, G. Landini, D. Randell, S. Fouad
This research is supported by EPSRC through funding under grant EP/M023869/1 “Novel context-based segmentation algorithms for intelligent microscopy”.
本研究由EPSRC资助，资助项目为EP/M023869/1“智能显微镜基于上下文的新型分割算法”。
{"title":"Ontological Levels in Histological Imaging","authors":"A. Galton, G. Landini, D. Randell, S. Fouad","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-271","url":null,"abstract":"This research is supported by EPSRC through funding under grant EP/M023869/1 “Novel context-based segmentation algorithms for intelligent microscopy”.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"7 1","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88871589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-299
R. Hoehndorf, Liam Mencel, G. Gkoutos, P. Schofield
A large number of biomedical resources have been developed to represent the functions of biological entities, and these resources are widely used for data integration and analysis. Expressing functions in biomedical ontologies currently uses formal representation patterns that renders basic reasoning tasks to fall in complexity classes beyond polynomial time, thereby limiting the potential of using knowledge-based methods for data integration, querying or quality control. Here, we propose an alternative representation pattern for expressing knowledge about biological functions, together with a biological and ontological justification, which can be expressed using the description logic EL++ and implemented using the OWL 2 EL profile. To demonstrate the utility of our account of biological functions, we apply it to all proteins contained in the SwissProt database and evaluate its utility with respect to answering complex queries as well with respect to the classification and query times.
大量生物医学资源被开发出来代表生物实体的功能，这些资源被广泛用于数据集成和分析。在生物医学本体中表达功能目前使用的是正式的表示模式，这使得基本的推理任务落在超过多项式时间的复杂性类中，从而限制了使用基于知识的方法进行数据集成、查询或质量控制的潜力。在这里，我们提出了一种替代的表示模式来表达关于生物功能的知识，以及生物学和本体论的证明，该模式可以使用描述逻辑el++来表达，并使用owl2 EL profile来实现。为了证明我们的生物功能帐户的效用，我们将其应用于SwissProt数据库中包含的所有蛋白质，并评估其在回答复杂查询以及分类和查询时间方面的效用。
{"title":"Large-Scale Reasoning over Functions in Biomedical Ontologies","authors":"R. Hoehndorf, Liam Mencel, G. Gkoutos, P. Schofield","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-299","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of biomedical resources have been developed to represent the functions of biological entities, and these resources are widely used for data integration and analysis. Expressing functions in biomedical ontologies currently uses formal representation patterns that renders basic reasoning tasks to fall in complexity classes beyond polynomial time, thereby limiting the potential of using knowledge-based methods for data integration, querying or quality control. Here, we propose an alternative representation pattern for expressing knowledge about biological functions, together with a biological and ontological justification, which can be expressed using the description logic EL++ and implemented using the OWL 2 EL profile. To demonstrate the utility of our account of biological functions, we apply it to all proteins contained in the SwissProt database and evaluate its utility with respect to answering complex queries as well with respect to the classification and query times.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"3 1","pages":"299-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83348018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-3
G. Câmara
{"title":"Land Use and Land Cover Semantics: Distinguishing Occurrents from Continuants","authors":"G. Câmara","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-660-6-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"16 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79786916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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