Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127
R. Ferrario, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello
How can organisations survive not only the substitution of members, but also other dramatic changes, like that of the norms regulating their activities, the goals they plan to achieve, or the system of roles that compose them? This paper is as first step towards a well-founded ontological analysis of the persistence of organisations through changes. Our analysis leverages Kit Fine’s notions of rigid and variable embodiment and proposes to view the (history of the) decisions made by the members of the organisation as the criterion to re-identify the organisation
{"title":"Organisations and Variable Embodiments","authors":"R. Ferrario, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127","url":null,"abstract":"How can organisations survive not only the substitution of members, but also other dramatic changes, like that of the norms regulating their activities, the goals they plan to achieve, or the system of roles that compose them? This paper is as first step towards a well-founded ontological analysis of the persistence of organisations through changes. Our analysis leverages Kit Fine’s notions of rigid and variable embodiment and proposes to view the (history of the) decisions made by the members of the organisation as the criterion to re-identify the organisation","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"30 1","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85334450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47
P. Garbacz, Agnieszka Lawrynowicz, Bogumił Szady
The paper provides a tentative formulation of the diachronic identity criteria for localities based on a set of paradigmatic case studies of changes they
本文通过对地方变化的典型案例研究，初步提出了地方历时同一性标准的构想
{"title":"Identity Criteria for Localities","authors":"P. Garbacz, Agnieszka Lawrynowicz, Bogumił Szady","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides a tentative formulation of the diachronic identity criteria for localities based on a set of paradigmatic case studies of changes they","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"17 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-14
R. Mizoguchi
{"title":"State-Centric Methodology of Ontology Engineering","authors":"R. Mizoguchi","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"13 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89783114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-13
A. Oltramari
{"title":"Ontologies for Artificial Minds","authors":"A. Oltramari","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"63 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86879210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-225
C. Keet, Langa Khumalo
Parthood and attendant part-whole relations enjoy interest in ontology authoring for various subject domains, as well as in, e.g., NLP to understand text. The list of common part-whole relations is occasionally slightly modified for languages other than English. For isiZulu, it was shown that there are not always 1:1 mappings and, moreover, dictionaries list many more translations for parthood and part-whole relations. This complicates selecting the semantically appropriate ones for localising ontologies or aligning local ontologies to other ones. It also raises the question whether the ‘common’ part-whole relations are really that common. We aim to investigate the extant part-whole relations in isiZulu and determine their ontological status. We harvested a lexicon of 81 terms from dictionaries, which was reduced to 31 through several iterations of refinement, of which 13 were formalised and aligned to well-known part-whole relations. It showed that in some cases distinctions are made—and for which words exist—that have not been included before in part-whole relations, yet in other cases it is more coarse-grained; e.g., a parthood for portions of cloth, for objects properly contained in the mouth, and for regions with a part-region that has a fiat boundary and objects located in it.
{"title":"On the Ontology of Part-Whole Relations in Zulu Language and Culture","authors":"C. Keet, Langa Khumalo","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-225","url":null,"abstract":"Parthood and attendant part-whole relations enjoy interest in ontology authoring for various subject domains, as well as in, e.g., NLP to understand text. The list of common part-whole relations is occasionally slightly modified for languages other than English. For isiZulu, it was shown that there are not always 1:1 mappings and, moreover, dictionaries list many more translations for parthood and part-whole relations. This complicates selecting the semantically appropriate ones for localising ontologies or aligning local ontologies to other ones. It also raises the question whether the ‘common’ part-whole relations are really that common. We aim to investigate the extant part-whole relations in isiZulu and determine their ontological status. We harvested a lexicon of 81 terms from dictionaries, which was reduced to 31 through several iterations of refinement, of which 13 were formalised and aligned to well-known part-whole relations. It showed that in some cases distinctions are made—and for which words exist—that have not been included before in part-whole relations, yet in other cases it is more coarse-grained; e.g., a parthood for portions of cloth, for objects properly contained in the mouth, and for regions with a part-region that has a fiat boundary and objects located in it.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"31 1","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83124499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-69
Claudio Masolo, L. Vieu
Structural universals have been introduced in the philosophical literature on examples such as chemical molecules composed of bonded atoms of different kinds. They are useful to handle complex abstract entities such as designs of artefacts, shapes, strings, words and texts, relevant in many areas of applied ontology. We use graph-theory as a unifying framework to review and compare the formal accounts proposed by Armstrong, Bennett and Mormann. We then propose a more expressive account, combining features of Bennett's and Mormann's proposals, able to model both the mereology of complex states of affairs and the structure of the particulars involved in them. Structural universals are explicitly represented; their structure, where a same universal can be part of a structural universal several times over, can be read off the graphs representing complex states of affairs.
{"title":"Graph-Based Approaches to Structural Universals and Complex States of Affairs","authors":"Claudio Masolo, L. Vieu","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-69","url":null,"abstract":"Structural universals have been introduced in the philosophical literature on examples such as chemical molecules composed of bonded atoms of different kinds. They are useful to handle complex abstract entities such as designs of artefacts, shapes, strings, words and texts, relevant in many areas of applied ontology. We use graph-theory as a unifying framework to review and compare the formal accounts proposed by Armstrong, Bennett and Mormann. We then propose a more expressive account, combining features of Bennett's and Mormann's proposals, able to model both the mereology of complex states of affairs and the structure of the particulars involved in them. Structural universals are explicitly represented; their structure, where a same universal can be part of a structural universal several times over, can be read off the graphs representing complex states of affairs.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"65 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75113139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-200
A. Mosca, Fernando Roda, Guillem Rull
{"title":"UNiCS - The Ontology for Research and Innovation Policy Making","authors":"A. Mosca, Fernando Roda, Guillem Rull","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"18 1","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-96
T. P. Sales, Daniele Porello, Nicola Guarino, G. Guizzardi, J. Mylopoulos
It is widely recognized that accurately identifying and classifying competitors is a challenge for many companies and entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, it is a paramount activity which provide valuable insights that affect a wide range of strategic decisions. One of the main challenges in competitor identification lies in the complex nature of the competitive relationships that arise in business environments. These have been extensively investigate over the years, which lead to a plethora of competition theories and frameworks. Still, the concept of competition remains conceptually complex, as none of these approaches properly formalized their assumptions. In this paper, we address this issue by means of an ontological analysis on the notion of competition in general, and of business competition, in particular, leveraging theories from various fields, including Marketing, Strategic Management, Ecology, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences. Our analysis, the first of its kind in the literature, is grounded on the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) and allows us to formally characterize why competition arises, as well as to distinguish between three types of business competitive relationships, namely market-level, firm-level and potential competition.
{"title":"Ontological Foundations of Competition","authors":"T. P. Sales, Daniele Porello, Nicola Guarino, G. Guizzardi, J. Mylopoulos","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-96","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely recognized that accurately identifying and classifying competitors is a challenge for many companies and entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, it is a paramount activity which provide valuable insights that affect a wide range of strategic decisions. One of the main challenges in competitor identification lies in the complex nature of the competitive relationships that arise in business environments. These have been extensively investigate over the years, which lead to a plethora of competition theories and frameworks. Still, the concept of competition remains conceptually complex, as none of these approaches properly formalized their assumptions. In this paper, we address this issue by means of an ontological analysis on the notion of competition in general, and of business competition, in particular, leveraging theories from various fields, including Marketing, Strategic Management, Ecology, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences. Our analysis, the first of its kind in the literature, is grounded on the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) and allows us to formally characterize why competition arises, as well as to distinguish between three types of business competitive relationships, namely market-level, firm-level and potential competition.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"49 1","pages":"96-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80942612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-15
P. Simons
{"title":"Representing Representing: The Ontology of Aboutness","authors":"P. Simons","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"30 11 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82970477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-19
B. Brodaric, M. Grüninger
{"title":"Particular Types and Particular Dependence","authors":"B. Brodaric, M. Grüninger","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"5 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90565834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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