A thorough understanding of what needs are is fundamental for designing well-behaved information systems for many social applications and in particular for public services. Talking about needs pervades indeed the jargon of Public Administrations when motivating their service offering. In this paper, we propose an ontological analysis of needs, aiming at a principled disentangling of the different uses of the term. We leverage philosophical tradition on intentionality, for its rich understanding of mental entities, we compare it with the well-established BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) tradition in knowledge representation, and we propose a formalisation of needs within the foundational ontology DOLCE. Throughout the paper, we motivate our analysis focusing on needs in public services.
{"title":"Needs and Intentionality","authors":"Luca Biccheri, R. Ferrario, Daniele Porello","doi":"10.3233/faia200666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200666","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough understanding of what needs are is fundamental for designing well-behaved information systems for many social applications and in particular for public services. Talking about needs pervades indeed the jargon of Public Administrations when motivating their service offering. In this paper, we propose an ontological analysis of needs, aiming at a principled disentangling of the different uses of the term. We leverage philosophical tradition on intentionality, for its rich understanding of mental entities, we compare it with the well-established BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) tradition in knowledge representation, and we propose a formalisation of needs within the foundational ontology DOLCE. Throughout the paper, we motivate our analysis focusing on needs in public services.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"4 1","pages":"125-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87188083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications FAIA covers all aspects of theoretical and applied artificial intelligence research in the form of monographs, doctoral dissertations, textbooks, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including " Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases " and " Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems ". It also includes the biennial ECAI, the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, proceedings volumes, and other ECCAI – the European Coordinating Committee on Artificial Intelligence – sponsored publications. An editorial panel of internationally well-known scholars is appointed to provide a high quality selection. LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.and, United States and United Kingdom. All submissions were carefully reviewed by the members of our international program committee. Based on the reviews, 24 articles were chosen for presentation at the conference. Accepted submissions were organized wide range of topics addressed in these sessions demonstrates that formal ontology is an active area of research which addresses problems ranging from theoretical questions regarding the ontology of time to the applications in the sciences and engineering. Ontologies and Bioinformatics: in the first paper in this session entitled Probability assignments to dispositions in ontologies, Adrien Barton, Anita Burgun and Régis Du-vauferrier investigate the probabilistic dimension of dispositions, with a particular interest on Biomedical ontologies. The authors investigate the determination of which kinds of dispositional entities (individuals, universals, both) a probability value can be assigned to; in Maturation of Neuroscience Information Framework: An Ontology Driven Information System for Neuroscience, Fahim T. Imam and colleagues discuss the main ontology-based components of the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF). In the context of the NIF project, the ultimate end product is a semantic search engine and knowledge discovery portal that provides federated access to a vast amount of Neuroscience data and resources over the web. Finally, in Suggestions for Galaxy Workflow Design Using Semantically Annotated Services, Alok Dhamanaskar and colleagues propose an extension of the Galaxy open-source web-based framework to assist the user in the construction of Service-based Scientific Workflows. The work is based on proposed extensions to the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) which are intended to provide a base for the semantic annotation of Web Services. and Boyan Brodaric extend the DOLCE foundational ontology to a logical theory aimed at representing specific aspects of the physical containment of water studied in hydrology. More specifically, they address …
美国人工智能协会(FAIA)以专著、博士论文、教科书、手册和论文集的形式涵盖了人工智能理论和应用研究的各个方面。FAIA系列包含几个子系列，包括“信息建模和知识库”和“基于知识的智能工程系统”。它还包括两年一次的ECAI，欧洲人工智能会议，会议文集，以及其他ECCAI -欧洲人工智能协调委员会-赞助的出版物。聘请国际知名学者组成的编辑小组，提供高质量的选择。法律声明对于以下信息的使用，出版商不承担任何责任。美国和英国。我们的国际项目委员会成员仔细审查了所有提交的材料。在评审的基础上，选择了24篇文章在会议上发表。被接受的提交被组织在这些会议中讨论了广泛的主题，表明形式本体是一个活跃的研究领域，它解决了从关于时间本体的理论问题到科学和工程应用的问题。本体论和生物信息学:在本届会议的第一篇题为《本体论中对倾向的概率分配》的论文中，Adrien Barton、Anita Burgun和r is Du-vauferrier研究了倾向的概率维度，对生物医学本体论特别感兴趣。作者研究了确定哪种性格实体(个体、共性或两者)可以分配一个概率值;在《神经科学信息框架的成熟:神经科学本体驱动的信息系统》一书中，Fahim T. Imam及其同事讨论了神经科学信息框架(NIF)中基于本体的主要组成部分。在NIF项目的背景下，最终的最终产品是一个语义搜索引擎和知识发现门户，它提供了对网络上大量神经科学数据和资源的联合访问。最后，Alok Dhamanaskar及其同事在《使用语义注释服务设计银河工作流的建议》中提出了对银河开源web框架的扩展，以帮助用户构建基于服务的科学工作流。这项工作是基于对生物医学研究本体(OBI)提出的扩展，该扩展旨在为Web服务的语义注释提供基础。Boyan Brodaric将DOLCE基础本体扩展为一种逻辑理论，旨在表示水文学中所研究的水的物理遏制的具体方面。更具体地说，它们涉及……
{"title":"Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference, FOIS 2020, Cancelled / Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, September 14-17, 2020","authors":"P. Garbacz, O. Kutz","doi":"10.3233/faia330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia330","url":null,"abstract":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications FAIA covers all aspects of theoretical and applied artificial intelligence research in the form of monographs, doctoral dissertations, textbooks, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including \" Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases \" and \" Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems \". It also includes the biennial ECAI, the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, proceedings volumes, and other ECCAI – the European Coordinating Committee on Artificial Intelligence – sponsored publications. An editorial panel of internationally well-known scholars is appointed to provide a high quality selection. LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.and, United States and United Kingdom. All submissions were carefully reviewed by the members of our international program committee. Based on the reviews, 24 articles were chosen for presentation at the conference. Accepted submissions were organized wide range of topics addressed in these sessions demonstrates that formal ontology is an active area of research which addresses problems ranging from theoretical questions regarding the ontology of time to the applications in the sciences and engineering. Ontologies and Bioinformatics: in the first paper in this session entitled Probability assignments to dispositions in ontologies, Adrien Barton, Anita Burgun and Régis Du-vauferrier investigate the probabilistic dimension of dispositions, with a particular interest on Biomedical ontologies. The authors investigate the determination of which kinds of dispositional entities (individuals, universals, both) a probability value can be assigned to; in Maturation of Neuroscience Information Framework: An Ontology Driven Information System for Neuroscience, Fahim T. Imam and colleagues discuss the main ontology-based components of the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF). In the context of the NIF project, the ultimate end product is a semantic search engine and knowledge discovery portal that provides federated access to a vast amount of Neuroscience data and resources over the web. Finally, in Suggestions for Galaxy Workflow Design Using Semantically Annotated Services, Alok Dhamanaskar and colleagues propose an extension of the Galaxy open-source web-based framework to assist the user in the construction of Service-based Scientific Workflows. The work is based on proposed extensions to the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) which are intended to provide a base for the semantic annotation of Web Services. and Boyan Brodaric extend the DOLCE foundational ontology to a logical theory aimed at representing specific aspects of the physical containment of water studied in hydrology. More specifically, they address …","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88699799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-17DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-113
A. Barton, Olivier Grenier, Ludger Jansen, J. Éthier
Clear criteria for the identity of dispositions are still lacking, and this has been presented as one of the main challenge raised by such entities. It is of prime importance to identify or distinguish dispositions such as diseases or risks. This article first introduces conventional ways to refer to a disposition (such as “fragility”) and canonical ways (such as “disposition to break in case of a strong shock”). This raises the issue of how should exactly be defined a “disposition d to R when TR”, where R is a realization specification and TR a trigger specification. Two ontological frameworks are distinguished. The first framework, which has been largely used so far in the literature on dispositions, interprets d as a disposition which can only be triggered by instances of TR, and can only be realized by instances of R. The second, new framework introduces the notion of “minimal trigger” and “maximal realization”, and interprets TR as a parent class of a class of processes that have as part a minimal trigger, and R as a parent class of a class of processes that are parts of a maximal realization. We then discuss several criteria of identity, including the criterion according to which two dispositions are identical iff they have the same categorical basis, the same class of minimal triggers and the same class of maximal realizations. We show on several examples that the second framework avoids the disposition multiplicativism that is introduced by the first framework.
{"title":"The Identity of Dispositions","authors":"A. Barton, Olivier Grenier, Ludger Jansen, J. Éthier","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-113","url":null,"abstract":"Clear criteria for the identity of dispositions are still lacking, and this has been presented as one of the main challenge raised by such entities. It is of prime importance to identify or distinguish dispositions such as diseases or risks. This article first introduces conventional ways to refer to a disposition (such as “fragility”) and canonical ways (such as “disposition to break in case of a strong shock”). This raises the issue of how should exactly be defined a “disposition d to R when TR”, where R is a realization specification and TR a trigger specification. Two ontological frameworks are distinguished. The first framework, which has been largely used so far in the literature on dispositions, interprets d as a disposition which can only be triggered by instances of TR, and can only be realized by instances of R. The second, new framework introduces the notion of “minimal trigger” and “maximal realization”, and interprets TR as a parent class of a class of processes that have as part a minimal trigger, and R as a parent class of a class of processes that are parts of a maximal realization. We then discuss several criteria of identity, including the criterion according to which two dispositions are identical iff they have the same categorical basis, the same class of minimal triggers and the same class of maximal realizations. We show on several examples that the second framework avoids the disposition multiplicativism that is introduced by the first framework.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"39 1","pages":"113-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88065091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-149
Emilio M. Sanfilippo, Loïc Jeanson, F. Belkadi, F. Laroche, A. Bernard
{"title":"A Foundational View on Nominal and Actual Qualities in Engineering","authors":"Emilio M. Sanfilippo, Loïc Jeanson, F. Belkadi, F. Laroche, A. Bernard","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"28 6 1","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83313196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-55
Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello
A concept is traditionally defined via the necessary and sufficient conditions that clearly determine its extension. By contrast, cognitive views of concepts intend to account for empirical data that show that categorisation under a concept presents typicality effects and a certain degree of indeterminacy. We propose a formal language to compactly represent concepts by leveraging on weighted logical formulas. In this way, we can model the possible synergies among the qualities that are relevant for categorising an object under a concept. We show that our proposal can account for a number of views of concepts such as the prototype theory and the exemplar theory. Moreover, we show how the proposed model can overcome some limitations of cognitive views.
{"title":"Representing Concepts by Weighted Formulas","authors":"Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-55","url":null,"abstract":"A concept is traditionally defined via the necessary and sufficient conditions that clearly determine its extension. By contrast, cognitive views of concepts intend to account for empirical data that show that categorisation under a concept presents typicality effects and a certain degree of indeterminacy. We propose a formal language to compactly represent concepts by leveraging on weighted logical formulas. In this way, we can model the possible synergies among the qualities that are relevant for categorising an object under a concept. We show that our proposal can account for a number of views of concepts such as the prototype theory and the exemplar theory. Moreover, we show how the proposed model can overcome some limitations of cognitive views.","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"30 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77589777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47
P. Garbacz, Agnieszka Lawrynowicz, Bogumił Szady
The paper provides a tentative formulation of the diachronic identity criteria for localities based on a set of paradigmatic case studies of changes they
本文通过对地方变化的典型案例研究，初步提出了地方历时同一性标准的构想
{"title":"Identity Criteria for Localities","authors":"P. Garbacz, Agnieszka Lawrynowicz, Bogumił Szady","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-47","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides a tentative formulation of the diachronic identity criteria for localities based on a set of paradigmatic case studies of changes they","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"17 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-33
A. Galton
{"title":"The Treatment of Time in Upper Ontologies","authors":"A. Galton","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"56 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86998884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127
R. Ferrario, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello
How can organisations survive not only the substitution of members, but also other dramatic changes, like that of the norms regulating their activities, the goals they plan to achieve, or the system of roles that compose them? This paper is as first step towards a well-founded ontological analysis of the persistence of organisations through changes. Our analysis leverages Kit Fine’s notions of rigid and variable embodiment and proposes to view the (history of the) decisions made by the members of the organisation as the criterion to re-identify the organisation
{"title":"Organisations and Variable Embodiments","authors":"R. Ferrario, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-910-2-127","url":null,"abstract":"How can organisations survive not only the substitution of members, but also other dramatic changes, like that of the norms regulating their activities, the goals they plan to achieve, or the system of roles that compose them? This paper is as first step towards a well-founded ontological analysis of the persistence of organisations through changes. Our analysis leverages Kit Fine’s notions of rigid and variable embodiment and proposes to view the (history of the) decisions made by the members of the organisation as the criterion to re-identify the organisation","PeriodicalId":90829,"journal":{"name":"Formal ontology in information systems : proceedings of the ... International Conference. FOIS (Conference)","volume":"30 1","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85334450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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