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Therapeutic efficacy of Genistein in activation of neuronal AC/cAMP/CREB/PKA and mitochondrial ETC-Complex pathways in experimental model of autism: Evidence from CSF, blood plasma and brain analysis 染料木素在自闭症实验模型中激活神经元 AC/cAMP/CREB/PKA 和线粒体 ETC-Complex 通路的疗效:来自脑脊液、血浆和大脑分析的证据。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149251
Manjeet kumar , Sidharth Mehan , Aakash Kumar , Tarun Sharma , Zuber Khan , Aarti Tiwari , Ghanshyam Das Gupta , Acharan S. Narula
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by repetitive behaviors, impaired social communication, and various associated conditions such as depression and anxiety. Its multifactorial etiology includes genetic, environmental, dietary, and gastrointestinal contributions. Pathologically, Autism is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter imbalances involving GABA, glutamate, dopamine, and oxytocin. Propionic acid (PRPA) is a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria, influencing central nervous system functions. Elevated PRPA levels can exacerbate Autism-related symptoms by disrupting metabolic processes and crossing the blood–brain barrier. Our research investigates the neuroprotective potential of Genistein (GNT), an isoflavone compound with known benefits in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, through modulation of the AC/cAMP/CREB/PKA signaling pathway and mitochondrial ETC complex (I-IV) function. In silico analyses revealed GNT’s high affinity for these targets. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments using a PRPA-induced rat model of autism demonstrated that GNT (40 and 80 mg/kg., orally) significantly improves locomotion, neuromuscular coordination, and cognitive functions in PRPA-treated rodents. Behavioral assessments showed reduced immobility in the forced swim test, enhanced Morris water maze performance, and restored regular locomotor activity. On a molecular level, GNT restored levels of key signaling molecules (AC, cAMP, CREB, PKA) and mitochondrial complexes (I-V), disrupted by PRPA exposure. Additionally, GNT reduced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, normalized neurotransmitter levels, and improved the complete blood count profile. Histopathological analyses confirmed that GNT ameliorated PRPA-induced brain injuries, restored normal brain morphology, reduced demyelination, and promoted neurogenesis. The study supports GNT’s potential in autism treatment by modulating neural pathways, reducing inflammation, and restoring neurotransmitter balance.
自闭症是一种复杂的神经发育疾病,以重复行为、社会交往障碍以及抑郁和焦虑等各种相关症状为特征。其多因素病因包括遗传、环境、饮食和胃肠道因素。从病理学角度看,自闭症与线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、神经炎症以及 GABA、谷氨酸、多巴胺和催产素等神经递质失衡有关。丙酸(PRPA)是一种由肠道细菌产生的短链脂肪酸,会影响中枢神经系统的功能。PRPA水平升高会扰乱新陈代谢过程并穿过血脑屏障,从而加重自闭症相关症状。我们的研究调查了染料木素(GNT)的神经保护潜力,染料木素是一种异黄酮化合物,通过调节 AC/cAMP/CREB/PKA 信号通路和线粒体 ETC 复合物(I-IV)的功能,对神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病具有已知的益处。硅学分析表明,GNT 与这些靶点具有很高的亲和力。随后使用 PRPA 诱导的自闭症大鼠模型进行的体外和体内实验表明,GNT(40 和 80 毫克/千克,口服)可显著改善经 PRPA 治疗的大鼠的运动、神经肌肉协调和认知功能。行为评估显示,强迫游泳试验中的不稳定性降低了,莫里斯水迷宫表现提高了,有规律的运动活动恢复了。在分子水平上,GNT 恢复了被 PRPA 暴露破坏的关键信号分子(AC、cAMP、CREB、PKA)和线粒体复合物(I-V)的水平。此外,GNT 还减少了神经炎症和细胞凋亡,使神经递质水平恢复正常,并改善了全血细胞计数。组织病理学分析证实,GNT 可改善 PRPA 引起的脑损伤,恢复正常的脑形态,减少脱髓鞘,促进神经发生。这项研究支持 GNT 通过调节神经通路、减少炎症和恢复神经递质平衡来治疗自闭症。
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引用次数: 0
A multifactorial lens on risk factors promoting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease 多因素透视促进阿尔茨海默病发展的风险因素。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149262
Jenna Parker , Jose M. Moris , Lily C. Goodman , Vineet K. Paidisetty , Vicente Vanegas , Haley A. Turner , Daniel Melgar , Yunsuk Koh
The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among adults has continued to increase over the last two decades, which has sparked a significant increase in research that focuses on the topic of “brain health.” While AD is partially determined by a genetic predisposition, there are still numerous pathophysiological factors that require further research. This research requirement stems from the acknowledgment that AD is a multifactorial disease that to date, cannot be prevented. Therefore, addressing and understanding the potential AD risk factors is necessary to increase the quality of life of an aging population. To raise awareness of critical pathways that impact AD progression, this review manuscript describes AD etiologies, structural impairments, and biomolecular changes that can significantly increase the risk of AD. Among them, a special highlight is given to inflammasomes, which have been shown to bolster neuroinflammation. Alike, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an essential neuropeptide that promotes the preservation of cognition is presented. In addition, the functional role of neurovascular units to regulate brain health is highlighted and contrasted to inflammatory conditions, such as cellular senescence, vascular damage, and increased visceral adiposity, who all increase the risk of neuroinflammation. Altogether, a multifactorial interventional approach is warranted to reduce the risk of AD.
过去二十年来,阿尔茨海默病(AD)在成年人中的发病率持续上升,这引发了以 "大脑健康 "为主题的研究的大幅增长。虽然阿兹海默症部分是由遗传倾向决定的,但仍有许多病理生理因素需要进一步研究。这一研究要求源于人们认识到,注意力缺失症是一种多因素疾病,至今无法预防。因此,要提高老龄人口的生活质量,就必须解决和了解潜在的注意力缺失症风险因素。为了提高人们对影响注意力缺失症进展的关键途径的认识,本综述手稿介绍了可显著增加注意力缺失症风险的注意力缺失症病因、结构损伤和生物分子变化。其中,炎性体被特别强调,它已被证明能促进神经炎症。此外,还介绍了脑源性神经营养因子的作用,它是一种重要的神经肽,可促进认知能力的保持。此外,还强调了神经血管单元在调节大脑健康方面的功能作用,并将其与细胞衰老、血管损伤和内脏脂肪增加等炎症条件进行了对比,这些因素都会增加神经炎症的风险。总之,需要采取多因素干预方法来降低罹患注意力缺失症的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of linseed oil diet on anxiety and memory extinction after early life stress: A sex-specific analysis of mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic markers, and inflammation in the amygdala 亚麻籽油饮食对早期生活压力后焦虑和记忆消失的影响:对杏仁核线粒体功能障碍、星形胶质细胞标记物和炎症的性别特异性分析
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149268
Regina Andressa Caetano , Joelma Alves , Thiago A. Smaniotto , Francisco Daroda Dutra , Eduardo Z.B. de Assis , Luisa Soares Pedroso , Ariadni Peres , Alessandra G. Machado , Rachel Krolow , Pauline Maciel August , Cristiane Matté , Marina Seady , Marina C. Leite , Brenda G. Machado , Carolina Marques , Laura Saraiva , Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima , Carla Dalmaz
<div><div>Early exposure to stressors affects how the organism reacts to stimuli, its emotional state throughout life, and how it deals with emotional memories. Consequently, it may affect susceptibility to psychopathology later in life. We used an animal model of early stress by maternal separation to study its potential impact on the extinction of aversive memories and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood, as well as its effects on mitochondrial functionality, inflammatory and astrocytic markers in the amygdala. We also assessed whether a diet enriched with linseed oil, known for its high content in omega-3 fats, could be used to attenuate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of early stress. Litters of Wistar rats were divided into controls (intact) or subjected to maternal separation (MS). They were subdivided into two groups receiving isocaloric diets enriched in soy or linseed oils at weaning. In adulthood, the animals were exposed to the open field and the elevated plus maze, to evaluate exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior. They were also trained in a context of fear conditioning, and afterward subjected to an extinction session, followed by a test session to evaluate the extinction memory. Amygdalae were evaluated for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor-necrose factor (TNF)-alpha), mitochondrial functionality, and astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein − GFAP, S100B, and glutamine synthetase activity). MS induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze, which was reversed by a diet enriched in linseed oil offered from weaning. When testing the memory of an extinction session of fear conditioning, MS animals showed more freezing behavior. MS males receiving a linseed oil-enriched diet had lower functional mitochondria in the amygdala. In addition, MS led to increased inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1beta, and the diet enriched in linseed oil further increased these levels in MS animals. MS also increased S100B levels. These results point to a higher emotionality presented by MS animals, with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and S100B. While a diet enriched in linseed oil attenuated anxiety-like behavior, it further altered amygdala IL-1beta and reduced mitochondria functionality, particularly in males. MS also increased glutamine synthetase activity in the amygdala, and this effect was higher when the animals received a diet enriched in linseed oil, particularly in females. In conclusion, these results point to MS effects on emotional behavior, and neurochemical alterations in the amygdala, with sex-specific effects. Although a diet enriched in linseed oil appears to be able to reverse some of MS behavioral effects, these results must be considered with caution, since biochemical parameters could be worsened in MS animals receiving a linseed oil-enriched diet. This knowledge is important for the understanding of mechanisms of action of strategies aiming to reverse
早期暴露于压力源会影响机体对刺激的反应、一生中的情绪状态以及如何处理情绪记忆。因此,它可能会影响日后对精神病理学的易感性。我们利用母体分离造成的早期压力动物模型,研究了母体分离对成年后厌恶记忆和焦虑样行为的消退可能产生的影响,以及母体分离对杏仁核线粒体功能、炎症和星形胶质细胞标志物的影响。我们还评估了富含亚麻籽油(因富含欧米伽-3 脂肪而闻名)的饮食是否可用于减轻早期应激对行为和神经化学的影响。Wistar大鼠的幼仔被分为对照组(完整)或母体分离组(MS)。在断奶时,它们又被分成两组,分别接受富含大豆或亚麻籽的等热量饮食。成年后,动物暴露于空旷场地和高架迷宫,以评估探索活动和焦虑行为。它们还接受了恐惧条件反射训练,之后接受了消退训练,接着进行了测试以评估消退记忆。对杏仁的炎症细胞因子(白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α)、线粒体功能和星形胶质细胞标记物(胶质纤维酸性蛋白-GFAP、S100B和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性)进行了评估。多发性硬化症会在高架迷宫中诱发类似焦虑的行为,而从断奶开始提供富含亚麻籽油的饮食可逆转这种行为。在测试恐惧条件反射的消退记忆时,多发性硬化症动物表现出更多的冻结行为。接受富含亚麻籽油饮食的多发性硬化症雄性动物杏仁核中的线粒体功能较低。此外,多发性硬化症会导致炎症细胞因子(尤其是 IL-1beta)增加,而富含亚麻籽油的饮食会进一步提高多发性硬化症动物体内的炎症细胞因子水平。多发性硬化症还会增加 S100B 的水平。这些结果表明,多发性硬化症动物的情绪更加激动,炎性细胞因子和 S100B 水平更高。虽然富含亚麻籽油的饮食可减轻焦虑样行为,但它进一步改变了杏仁核 IL-1beta 并降低了线粒体的功能,尤其是在雄性动物中。多发性硬化还增加了杏仁核中谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,当动物摄入富含亚麻籽油的食物时,这种效应更高,尤其是雌性动物。总之,这些结果表明 MS 会影响动物的情绪行为和杏仁核的神经化学变化,并具有性别特异性。虽然富含亚麻籽油的饮食似乎能够逆转某些多发性硬化症的行为影响,但必须谨慎考虑这些结果,因为接受富含亚麻籽油饮食的多发性硬化症动物的生化指标可能会恶化。这些知识对于了解旨在逆转早期应激效应的策略的作用机制非常重要,今后有必要开展研究,以确定促进复原力的可能干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Increased brain iron deposition in the basial ganglia is associated with cognitive and motor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus 基底神经节的脑铁沉积增加与 2 型糖尿病患者的认知和运动功能障碍有关。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149263
Chaofan Sui , Meng Li , Qihao Zhang , Jing Li , Yian Gao , Xinyue Zhang , Na Wang , Changhu Liang , Lingfei Guo

Objective

Compared with those in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), alterations in brain iron levels in the basal ganglia (an iron-rich region) and motor and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients with DPN have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to explore changes in brain iron levels in the basal ganglia in T2DM patients with DPN using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods

Thirty-four patients with DPN, fifty-five patients with diabetes without DPN (non-DPN, NDPN), and fifty-one healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent cognitive and motor assessments, blood biochemical tests, and brain QSM imaging. One-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate the variations in cognitive, motor and blood biochemical indicators across the three groups. Then, we performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify the possible factors associated with the significant differences in susceptibility values of the basal ganglia subregions between the two T2DM groups.

Results

Susceptibility values in the putamen and the caudate nucleus were greater in the T2DM patients than in the HCs (DPN patients vs. HCs, p < 0.05; NDPN patients vs. HCs, p < 0.05, FDR correction), and there were no significant differences between the DPN patients and NDPN patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and history of diabetes played crucial roles in brain iron deposition in the putamen and the caudate nucleus. Notably, DPN in T2DM patients had no effect on brain iron deposition in the putamen or the caudate nucleus. The susceptibility values of the putamen was positively correlated with the Timed Up and Go test score and negatively correlated with gait speed, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test score in T2DM patients.

Conclusions

Iron-based susceptibility in the putamen, measured by QSM, can reflect motor function in T2DM patients and might indicate micropathological changes in brain tissue in T2DM patients.
目的:与无糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者相比,患有DPN的T2DM患者基底节(富含铁的区域)脑铁水平的变化以及运动和认知功能障碍尚未完全阐明。我们旨在利用定量易感性图谱(QSM)研究 T2DM DPN 患者基底节脑铁水平的变化:我们招募了 34 名 DPN 患者、55 名无 DPN 的糖尿病患者(非 DPN,NDPN)和 51 名健康对照者(HCs),并对他们进行了认知和运动评估、血液生化测试和脑 QSM 成像。我们采用单因素方差分析来评估三组患者在认知、运动和血液生化指标方面的差异。然后,我们进行了多元线性回归分析,以确定与两组T2DM患者基底节亚区易感值显著差异相关的可能因素:结果:T2DM 患者的丘脑和尾状核的易感性值高于 HCs(DPN 患者 vs. HCs,P通过 QSM 测量的普鲁士门铁基敏感性可反映 T2DM 患者的运动功能,并可能显示 T2DM 患者脑组织的微病理变化。
{"title":"Increased brain iron deposition in the basial ganglia is associated with cognitive and motor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Chaofan Sui ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Qihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yian Gao ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Changhu Liang ,&nbsp;Lingfei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Compared with those in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), alterations in brain iron levels in the basal ganglia (an iron-rich region) and motor and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients with DPN have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to explore changes in brain iron levels in the basal ganglia in T2DM patients with DPN using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-four patients with DPN, fifty-five patients with diabetes without DPN (non-DPN, NDPN), and fifty-one healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent cognitive and motor assessments, blood biochemical tests, and brain QSM imaging. One-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate the variations in cognitive, motor and blood biochemical indicators across the three groups. Then, we performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify the possible factors associated with the significant differences in susceptibility values of the basal ganglia subregions between the two T2DM groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Susceptibility values in the putamen and the caudate nucleus were greater in the T2DM patients than in the HCs (DPN patients vs. HCs, p &lt; 0.05; NDPN patients vs. HCs, p &lt; 0.05, FDR correction), and there were no significant differences between the DPN patients and NDPN patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and history of diabetes played crucial<!--> <!-->roles in brain iron deposition in the putamen and the caudate nucleus. Notably, DPN in T2DM patients had no effect on brain iron deposition in the putamen or the caudate nucleus. The susceptibility values of the putamen was positively correlated with the Timed Up and Go test score and negatively correlated with gait speed, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test score in T2DM patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Iron-based susceptibility in the putamen, measured by QSM, can reflect motor function in T2DM patients and might indicate micropathological changes in brain tissue in T2DM patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of C-tactile stimulation on temporal summation of second pain: A study of the central and peripheral neural correlates C触觉刺激对第二次疼痛时间总和的影响:中枢和外周神经相关性研究。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149267
Márcia da-Silva, Ana Rita Pereira, Adriana Sampaio, Joana Coutinho, Alberto J. González-Villar
Affective touch is mediated by specialized receptors sensitive to gentle and slow touch called C-tactile afferents (CT). The activation of these receptors has shown promise in reducing subjective pain ratings, however, how this type of touch can affect central sensitization processes is poorly studied. This work aimed to investigate if affective touch is able to modulate pain sensitization and its electrophysiological correlates during Temporal Summation of Second Pain (TSSP), a phenomenon characterized by an increase in pain perception due to repeated noxious stimuli.
Thirty-seven participants underwent a TSSP protocol involving three conditions: TSSP alone, TSSP during vibrotactile stimulation, and TSSP during CT stimulation (administered with a brush mounted in a robot arm). We measured subjective pain ratings, electroencephalographic (N2-P2 complex) and electrocardiographic activity during these conditions.
Participants reported a significantly lower increase of pain during CT stimulation compared to vibrotactile stimulation, but not to TSSP alone. In addition, TSSP was reduced when administered in the ipsilateral arm compared to the other somatosensory stimulation. Subjective reports of attention towards painful stimuli, amplitude of the N2-P2 complex, and heart rate were also reduced during CT stimulation. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the activation of CT receptors may reduce sensitization compared to other types of somatosensory stimulation, which is possibly related to the reduction of the attention devoted to nociceptive stimulation. Our results suggest that activation of CT receptors may alleviate the occurrence of central pain sensitization.
情感触觉是由对轻柔和缓慢触觉敏感的专门受体介导的,这种受体被称为 C 触觉传入(CT)。这些受体的激活有望降低主观疼痛评级,然而,这种类型的触摸如何影响中枢敏化过程却鲜有研究。这项研究旨在探讨情感触觉是否能够调节第二次疼痛时相累加(TSSP)过程中的痛觉敏感化及其电生理学相关性。37 名参与者接受了包含三种条件的 TSSP 方案:单独的 TSSP、振动刺激时的 TSSP 和 CT 刺激时的 TSSP(使用安装在机械臂上的刷子)。在这些条件下,我们测量了主观疼痛评分、脑电图(N2-P2 复极)和心电图活动。与振动触觉刺激相比,受试者在 CT 刺激时的疼痛加剧程度明显降低,但与单独的 TSSP 相比则没有明显降低。此外,与其他躯体感觉刺激相比,在同侧手臂上进行的 TSSP 刺激会降低疼痛感。在 CT 刺激期间,对疼痛刺激的注意力的主观报告、N2-P2 复合物的振幅和心率也会降低。结论我们的研究结果表明,与其他类型的躯体感觉刺激相比,激活 CT 受体可能会降低敏感性,这可能与减少对痛觉刺激的注意力有关。我们的结果表明,激活 CT 受体可减轻中枢痛觉过敏的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with concurrent dual-task walking on mobility, gait, and cognitive outcomes: A systematic review 经颅直流电刺激结合同步双任务行走对活动能力、步态和认知结果的影响:系统综述。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149255
Jibrin Sammani Usman, Thomson Wai-Lung Wong, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng

Introduction

Successful execution of normal activities in various populations warrants the performance of dual tasks (DTs). DTs involve motor and cognitive tasking with the involvement of various brain areas. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used for regulating the excitability of brain cortical regions. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence on the effects of tDCS combined with concurrent DT walking on mobility, gait and cognition in older adults (OAs) with and without Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods

The PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web databases of Science were searched for relevant articles published from their beginning until date. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved, and their methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool respectively. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis were used to analyze the data.

Results

Five studies were included in the review. The results revealed that in individuals with PD, active tDCS with concurrent DT walking has more potential to significantly improve DT cost to gait speed (p < 0.05), and the proportion of correct responses during DT time up and go test (TUG)count (p = 0.004). DT walking with concurrent tDCS has potential to significantly improve DT [gait speed count (p = 0.03), cadence (p = 0.0005), double limb support time (DBST) (p < 0.0001), and single-task (ST) cadence (p = 0.008)]. Significant improvements were observed in the DT costs for stride time (p < 0.0001), DBST (p = 0.03), stride time variability (p < 0.00001), and swing time variability (p = 0.002) with the active tDCS combined with concurrent DT training in OAs.

Conclusions

The effects of tDCS combined with concurrent DT walking or training on cognitive, gait and mobility outcomes in OAs with or without PD can be better explained by the DTW training itself. However, tDCS could produce some specific effects in particular outcomes and scenarios.
简介各种人群要成功完成正常活动,就必须完成双重任务(DTs)。双重任务涉及运动和认知任务,涉及多个脑区。经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)已被用于调节大脑皮层区域的兴奋性。本综述旨在评估经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)结合同期 DT 步行对患有或未患有帕金森病(PD)的老年人(OAs)的行动能力、步态和认知能力的影响的现有科学证据:方法:在 PubMed、PEDro、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase 和 Web 科学数据库中检索从开始至今发表的相关文章。检索到的随机对照试验分别使用 PEDro 量表和 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具对其方法学质量和偏倚风险进行了评估。采用定性和定量综合方法对数据进行分析:综述共纳入了五项研究。结果显示,在帕金森病患者中,主动 tDCS 并发 DT 步行更有可能显著改善 DT 对步速的代价(p 计数(p = 0.004)。同时使用 tDCS 的 DT 步行有可能明显改善 DT[步速计数(p = 0.03)、步幅(p = 0.0005)、双肢支撑时间(DBST)(p 结论:tDCS 与 DT 步行的结合可明显改善 DT[步速计数(p = 0.03)、步幅(p = 0.0005)、双肢支撑时间(DBST)]:无论是否患有帕金森氏病,tDCS与同时进行的DT行走或训练相结合,对患有或不患有帕金森氏病的OA患者的认知、步态和活动能力的影响都能通过DTW训练本身得到更好的解释。不过,tDCS 可在特定结果和场景中产生一些特殊效果。
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引用次数: 0
Gray matter volumetric changes in tinnitus: The impact of hearing loss and severity 耳鸣的灰质体积变化:听力损失和严重程度的影响
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149264
Gibbeum Kim , Rafay A. Khan , Yihsin Tai , Somayeh Shahsavarani , Fatima T. Husain
Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation that commonly co-occurs with hearing loss. Both tinnitus and hearing loss can impact the quality of life, emotional well-being, and cognitive functioning of the affected individuals. While previous studies have highlighted structural alterations in hearing loss and/or tinnitus, the fundamental neural mechanisms underpinning tinnitus severity remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry to investigate gray matter (GM) volume differences among groups of participants with varying tinnitus severity and hearing status, and controls within a large sample. We observed reduced GM volume in the left anterior insula and right planum polare in participants with hearing loss, regardless of their tinnitus status, compared to normal hearing controls. We noted decreased GM volume in the bilateral anterior and posterior insula for those with tinnitus and normal hearing compared to a normal hearing control group. Further, the tinnitus with hearing loss group showed decreased GM volume in the left planum polare, left inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior temporal gyri, and right superior frontal gyrus compared to the normal hearing control group, suggesting a combined effect of hearing loss and tinnitus. While tinnitus severity did not show a significant overall effect, there was a significant positive correlation between tinnitus distress and GM volume in bilateral planum polare. Our findings enhance the understanding of structural brain changes related to hearing loss and tinnitus, and advance the overall knowledge of tinnitus pathophysiology, which can contribute to the development of more effective treatments for tinnitus.
耳鸣是一种幻听,通常与听力损失同时出现。耳鸣和听力损失都会影响患者的生活质量、情绪和认知功能。虽然以往的研究强调了听力损失和/或耳鸣的结构性改变,但对耳鸣严重程度的基本神经机制仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们采用基于体素的形态测量法,调查了大量样本中不同耳鸣严重程度和听力状况的参与者与对照组之间的灰质(GM)体积差异。我们观察到,与听力正常的对照组相比,无论听力损失程度如何,听力损失患者左侧前脑岛和右侧耳廓的灰质体积都有所减少。我们注意到,与听力正常的对照组相比,患有耳鸣且听力正常的参与者双侧前脑岛和后脑岛的基因组体积减少。此外,与听力正常的对照组相比,耳鸣伴听力损失组的左侧极面、左侧颞下回、双侧颞前回和右侧额上回的 GM 体积减少,这表明听力损失和耳鸣共同产生了影响。虽然耳鸣的严重程度没有显示出显著的整体影响,但耳鸣的痛苦与双侧极面的GM体积之间存在显著的正相关。我们的研究结果加深了人们对与听力损失和耳鸣相关的大脑结构变化的理解,并推进了对耳鸣病理生理学的整体认识,有助于开发更有效的耳鸣治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Involvement of Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) components in mild traumatic brain injury 轻度脑外伤中肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)成分的参与。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149266
Caroline Amaral Machado , Bruna da Silva Oliveira , João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros , Heliana de Barros Fernandes , Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano , Lucas Miranda Kangussu , Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães , Ana Cristina Simões e Silva , Antonio Lucio Teixeira , Aline Silva de Miranda
The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a pathophysiological role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) but the evidence of its involvement in mild TBI (mTBI) is still limited. We aimed at investigating the levels of components from both the classical and counter-regulatory axis of the RAS in a mTBI animal model. Mice with mTBI displayed enhanced ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis ipsilateral- and contralaterally to the trauma in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during acute (24 and 72 h) and later (30 days) timepoints. Increase in Ang-(1–7) levels alongside reduction in Mas receptor expression in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was also observed after injury. Conversely, mTBI-mice presented higher expression of AT2 receptor in the contralateral hippocampus and the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex. Importantly, treatment with telmisartan, an AT1R blocker, and perindopril, an ACE inhibitor, were able to prevent mTBI-associated locomotor activity impairment and anxiety-like behavior, corroborating the involvement of RAS in the pathophysiology of mTBI. We provided original evidence that components of classical and alternative RAS axes undergo alterations in key brain areas following a mTBI in a time and hemisphere dependent manner. Our findings also open new avenues for investigating the therapeutic potential of RAS components in mTBI.
肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)在创伤性脑损伤(TBI)中发挥着病理生理作用,但其参与轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)的证据仍然有限。我们的目的是研究轻度创伤性脑损伤动物模型中 RAS 经典调节轴和反调节轴的成分水平。在急性期(24 小时和 72 小时)和后期(30 天),轻度创伤性脑损伤小鼠的海马和前额叶皮层在创伤同侧和对侧显示出增强的 ACE/Ang II/AT1R 轴。此外,还观察到损伤后海马和前额叶皮质中的 Ang-(1-7) 水平升高,Mas 受体表达减少。相反,创伤性脑损伤小鼠对侧海马和同侧前额叶皮层的 AT2 受体表达较高。重要的是,AT1R阻断剂替米沙坦和ACE抑制剂培哚普利能够预防mTBI相关的运动活动障碍和焦虑样行为,这证实了RAS参与了mTBI的病理生理学。我们提供的原创性证据表明,经典和替代 RAS 轴的成分在 mTBI 后会以时间和半球依赖的方式在关键脑区发生改变。我们的发现还为研究 RAS 成分在 mTBI 中的治疗潜力开辟了新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Oxygen extraction fraction mapping based combining quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging model using multi-delay PCASL 利用多延迟 PCASL,结合定量易感性图谱和定量血氧饱和度依赖性成像模型,绘制氧萃取分数图。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149259
Xiaoyi Liu , Yayan Yin , Yi Shan , Wang Chao , Jingkai Li , Yue Zhang , Qiongge Li , Jing Liu , Jie Lu

Background and purpose

The oxygen extraction fraction is an essential biomarker for the assessment of brain metabolism. A recently proposed method combined with quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude enables noninvasive mapping of the oxygen extraction fraction. Our study investigated the oxygen extraction fraction mapping variations of single-delay and multi-delay arterial spin-labeling.

Materials and methods

A total of twenty healthy participants were enrolled. The multi-echo spoiled gradient-echo, multi-delay arterial spin-labeling, and magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequences were acquired at 3.0 T. The mean oxygen extraction fraction was generated under a single delay time of 1780 ms, multi-delay arterial spin-labeling of transit-corrected cerebral blood flow, and multi-delay arterial spin-labeling of arterial cerebral blood volume. The results were compared via paired t tests and the Wilcoxon test. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships among the oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood flow, and venous cerebral blood volume.

Results

The oxygen extraction fraction estimate with multi-delay arterial spin-labeling yielded a significantly lower value than that with single-delay arterial spin-labeling. The average values for the whole brain under single-delay arterial spin-labeling, multi-delay arterial spin-labeling of transit-corrected cerebral blood flow, and multi-delay arterial spin-labeling of arterial cerebral blood volume were 41.5 ± 1.7 % (P < 0.05), 41.3 ± 1.9 % (P < 0.001), and 40.9 ± 1.9 % (N = 20), respectively. The oxygen extraction fraction also showed a significant inverse correlation with the venous cerebral blood volume under steady-state conditions when multi-delay arterial spin-labeling was used (r = 0.5834, p = 0.0069).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the oxygen extraction fraction is significantly impacted by the arterial spin-labeling methods used in the quantitative susceptibility mapping plus the quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent model, indicating that the differences should be accounted for when employing oxygen extraction fraction mapping based on this model in diseases.
背景和目的:氧萃取分数是评估大脑新陈代谢的重要生物标志物。最近提出的一种方法结合了定量易感性图谱和定量血氧水平相关幅度,可以无创地绘制氧萃取分数图谱。我们的研究调查了单延迟和多延迟动脉自旋标记的氧萃取分数绘图变化:材料和方法:共招募了 20 名健康参与者。在 3.0 T 下采集了多回波破坏梯度回波、多延迟动脉自旋标记和磁化准备快速梯度回波序列。在 1780 毫秒的单一延迟时间、多延迟动脉自旋标记的过境校正脑血流和多延迟动脉自旋标记的动脉脑血量条件下生成平均析氧分数。结果通过配对 t 检验和 Wilcoxon 检验进行比较。线性回归分析用于研究氧提取率、脑血流量和静脉脑血量之间的关系:结果:用多延迟动脉自旋标记法估算的氧萃取分数明显低于用单延迟动脉自旋标记法估算的氧萃取分数。单延迟动脉自旋标记法、多延迟动脉自旋标记法的过境校正脑血流量和多延迟动脉自旋标记法的动脉脑血量的全脑平均值分别为 41.5 ± 1.7 %(P 结论:多延迟动脉自旋标记法和单延迟动脉自旋标记法的全脑平均值均低于单延迟动脉自旋标记法:这些研究结果表明,氧萃取分数受定量易感性图谱加定量血氧水平依赖模型中使用的动脉自旋标记方法的显著影响,这表明在疾病中使用基于该模型的氧萃取分数图谱时应考虑这些差异。
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引用次数: 0
A reproducible murine model of studying HIV-associated brain damage in stroke 研究中风中艾滋病毒相关脑损伤的可重现小鼠模型。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149256
Mohd Salman , Golnoush Mirzahosseini , Lina Zhou , Sandip Godse , Namita Sinha , Santosh Kumar , Tauheed Ishrat

Background

Emerging clinical and epidemiological data indicates that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and aggravated brain damage. We aimed to develop a reproducible murine model of photothrombotic-stroke with HIV infection that mimics the clinical situation.

Method

To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on stroke, male C57BL/6 mice were infected with EcoHIV (p24 2-4 × 106/mouse; i.v.) or mock control. Four weeks post-infection, a stroke was induced by the photothrombotic method (pt-MCAO). After 72 h, a catwalk test was performed for gait impairments, and mice were euthanized for stroke outcomes.

Results

EcoHIV-infection exhibited a larger infarction, brain edema, higher IgG extravasation, hemorrhagic transformation, and gait impairments following pt-MCAO vs mock control. EcoHIV-infected mice showed higher levels of IFN-y and lower levels of IL-6, indicating immune activation without affecting IL-1β and MCP-1 in plasma and brain compared to mock pt-MCAO, suggesting unaltered inflammation. EcoHIV-infection showed increased oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal) and thioredoxin interacting protein expression. Further, EcoHIV-infection significantly activated the microglia and astrocyte cells.

Conclusions

This animal model would be reliable and clinically relevant to future studies investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and developing new therapeutic approaches in stroke patients with HIV conditions.
背景:新出现的临床和流行病学数据表明,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)与中风风险增加和脑损伤加重有关。我们的目的是模拟临床情况,建立一个可重复的感染 HIV 的光栓性中风小鼠模型:为了评估 HIV 感染对中风的影响,雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠被 EcoHIV(p24 2-4 × 106/只小鼠;静脉注射)或模拟对照组感染。感染四周后,采用光栓法诱发中风。72小时后,对小鼠进行猫步障碍测试,并对中风结果进行安乐死:结果:与模拟对照组相比,EcoHIV感染小鼠在pt-MCAO后表现出更大的梗死、脑水肿、更高的IgG外渗、出血转化和步态障碍。与模拟 pt-MCAO 相比,EcoHIV 感染的小鼠血浆和大脑中的 IFN-y 水平较高,IL-6 水平较低,表明免疫激活,但不影响 IL-1β 和 MCP-1,表明炎症未发生改变。EcoHIV 表明氧化应激标志物(硝基酪氨酸和 4-羟基壬烯醛)和硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白表达增加。此外,EcoHIV 感染明显激活了小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞:该动物模型可靠且与临床相关,可用于今后研究中风艾滋病患者的病理生理机制和开发新的治疗方法。
{"title":"A reproducible murine model of studying HIV-associated brain damage in stroke","authors":"Mohd Salman ,&nbsp;Golnoush Mirzahosseini ,&nbsp;Lina Zhou ,&nbsp;Sandip Godse ,&nbsp;Namita Sinha ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar ,&nbsp;Tauheed Ishrat","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging clinical and epidemiological data indicates that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and aggravated brain damage. We aimed to develop a reproducible murine model of photothrombotic-stroke with HIV infection that mimics the clinical situation.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on stroke, male C57BL/6 mice were infected with EcoHIV (p24 2-4 × 10<sup>6</sup>/mouse; i.v.) or mock control. Four weeks post-infection, a stroke was induced by the photothrombotic method (pt-MCAO). After 72 h, a catwalk test was performed for gait impairments, and mice were euthanized for stroke outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EcoHIV-infection exhibited a larger infarction, brain edema, higher IgG extravasation, hemorrhagic transformation, and gait impairments following pt-MCAO vs mock control. EcoHIV-infected mice showed higher levels of IFN-y and lower levels of IL-6, indicating immune activation without affecting IL-1β and MCP-1 in plasma and brain compared to mock pt-MCAO, suggesting unaltered inflammation. EcoHIV-infection showed increased oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal) and thioredoxin interacting protein expression. Further, EcoHIV-infection significantly activated the microglia and astrocyte cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This animal model would be reliable and clinically relevant to future studies investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and developing new therapeutic approaches in stroke patients with HIV conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Brain Research
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