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Two-phase therapy for improving neuroprotection and neurogenesis: Preventive use of omega fatty acids plus Copolymer-1 immunization after stroke 改善神经保护和神经发生的两阶段疗法:中风后预防性使用欧米茄脂肪酸加共聚物-1免疫。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149277
Stroke is a major global health issue, ranking as the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of disability worldwide. However, current therapeutic options remain limited. Nutritional supplementation as a form of primary prevention stands as a potential stroke therapeutic. In particular, the intake of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3FA) exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects that help reduce the risk of stroke. In parallel, treatment with Copolymer-1 (COP-1), a peptide with immunomodulatory properties through Th1/Th2/Th3 phenotype switching, similarly affords neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in stroke models. To investigate the combined effects of these treatments, we designed a two-phase therapy: the first phase involved preventive supplementation with omega-3FA, while the second phase included COP-1 immunization following stroke injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: 1) control, 2) omega-3FA, 3) COP-1, and 4) omega-3FA + COP-1. Omega-3FAs were administered for 28 days before inducing stroke. Thirty minutes after reperfusion, the respective groups were immunized with COP-1. Seven days post-stroke, neurological deficits were assessed using the Zea-Longa scale, infarct volumes with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and levels of neurogenesis via immunofluorescence imaging. The results showed that the two-phase therapy produced significant synergistic effects, markedly reducing neurological deficits, and infarct volumes, while enhancing neurogenic activities in neurogenic niches. This combined approach underscores the potential of integrating nutritional and pharmacological strategies to enhance stroke recovery.
中风是一个重大的全球性健康问题,是全球第二大死亡原因和主要致残原因。然而,目前的治疗方案仍然有限。作为初级预防的一种形式,营养补充是一种潜在的中风治疗方法。尤其是摄入欧米伽-3 脂肪酸(ω-3FA)具有抗炎和保护神经的作用,有助于降低中风风险。与此同时,Copolymer-1(COP-1)是一种通过Th1/Th2/Th3表型转换而具有免疫调节特性的多肽,在中风模型中同样具有神经保护和神经恢复作用。为了研究这些疗法的综合效果,我们设计了一种两阶段疗法:第一阶段是预防性补充欧米伽-3FA,第二阶段是在中风损伤后进行 COP-1 免疫。Sprague-Dawley 大鼠被随机分配到四组中的一组:1)对照组;2)ω-3FA 组;3)COP-1 组;4)ω-3FA + COP-1 组。在诱发中风之前,给小白鼠注射 28 天的ω-3FA。再灌注后 30 分钟,用 COP-1 对各组进行免疫。中风后七天,用Zea-Longa量表评估神经功能缺损情况,用2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(TTC)染色评估梗死体积,用免疫荧光成像评估神经发生水平。结果表明,两阶段疗法产生了显著的协同效应,明显减少了神经功能缺损和梗死体积,同时增强了神经源龛中的神经源活动。这种联合疗法凸显了整合营养和药物策略以促进中风康复的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic effects of exercise on depression: The role of microglia 运动对抑郁症的治疗效果:小胶质细胞的作用
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149279
Major depressive disorder adversely affects mental health. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including medication, psychological intervention, and physical therapy, exert beneficial effects on depression. However, these approaches are associated with some limitations, such as high cost, adverse reactions, recurrent episodes, and low patient adherence. Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise therapy can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms, although the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Recent studies have suggested that depression is a microglial disease. Microglia regulate the inflammatory response, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, kynurenine pathway and the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, all of which affect depression. Exercise therapy is reported to shift the balance of microglial M1/M2 polarization in the hippocampus, frontal lobe, and striatum, suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory factors and consequently alleviating behavioral deficits in animal models of depression. Further studies are needed to examine the specific effects of different exercise regimens on microglia to identify the exercise regimen with the best therapeutic effect.
重度抑郁症会对心理健康造成负面影响。传统的治疗方法,包括药物治疗、心理干预和物理治疗,对抑郁症有一定的疗效。然而,这些方法都存在一些局限性,如费用高、不良反应多、反复发作、患者依从性低等。以往的研究表明,运动疗法可有效缓解抑郁症状,但其潜在机制尚未阐明。最近的研究表明,抑郁症是一种小胶质细胞疾病。小胶质细胞调节炎症反应、突触可塑性、神经发生、犬尿氨酸通路和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活,所有这些因素都会影响抑郁症。据报道,运动疗法可改变海马、额叶和纹状体中小胶质细胞 M1/M2 极化的平衡,抑制促炎因子的释放,从而减轻抑郁症动物模型的行为缺陷。还需要进一步研究不同运动方案对小胶质细胞的具体影响,以确定治疗效果最佳的运动方案。
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引用次数: 0
Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk is regulated by Astragalus polysaccharides mediated through suppression of Sema4D-PlexinB2 signaling in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中,黄芪多糖通过抑制Sema4D-PlexinB2信号传导来调节小胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞之间的串扰。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149275
The crosstalk between microglia inflamed in multiple sclerosis (MIMS) and astrocytes inflamed in MS (AIMS) is a crucial factor in the formation of the central inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), an important bioactive component extracted from the dried root of Astragalus, was previously found by our team to attenuate the formation of pro-inflammatory microglia and neurological dysfunction in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, a classic model of MS. To investigate the effect of APS on the MIMS-AIMS crosstalk and its underlying mechanism, in this study, a mouse model of EAE and a co-culture model of microglia-astrocytes in vitro were established. It was discovered that APS can alleviate the neurological dysfunction of EAE mice and effectively inhibit the formation of MIMS and AIMS both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, it was found that APS can suppress the inflammatory factors of MIMS-AIMS crosstalk in EAE mice and the resulting neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. The Sema4D-PlexinB2 signaling is essential for MIMS-AIMS crosstalk and promotes CNS inflammation. We demonstrated that APS can inhibit this signaling in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of recombinant Sema4D protein on cultured astrocytes in vitro significantly increases pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors, while APS significantly inhibits them. Conversely, after knockdown of Sema4D expression in microglia, APS no longer improves the neurotoxicity from MIMS-AIMS crosstalk. Overall, these results indicate that APS may modulate MIMS-AIMS crosstalk via the Sema4D-PlexinB2 signaling. This study provides a scientific basis for APS as a potential treatment candidate for demyelinating diseases.
多发性硬化症中发炎的小胶质细胞(MIMS)和多发性硬化症中发炎的星形胶质细胞(AIMS)之间的相互影响是形成中枢炎症微环境和神经毒性的关键因素。黄芪多糖(APS)是从黄芪的干燥根中提取的一种重要生物活性成分,我们的研究小组曾发现它能减轻实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠(一种典型的多发性硬化症模型)中促炎性小胶质细胞的形成和神经功能障碍。为了研究APS对MIMS-AIMS串扰的影响及其内在机制,本研究建立了EAE小鼠模型和体外小胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞共培养模型。研究发现,APS能缓解EAE小鼠的神经功能障碍,并能有效抑制体内和体外MIMS和AIMS的形成。此外,研究还发现APS能抑制EAE小鼠体内MIMS-AIMS串联的炎症因子以及由此导致的体内和体外神经毒性。Sema4D-PlexinB2信号传导对于MIMS-AIMS串扰和促进中枢神经系统炎症至关重要。我们证实,APS 可抑制体内和体外的这种信号传导。在体外培养的星形胶质细胞上处理重组 Sema4D 蛋白会显著增加促炎因子和神经毒性因子,而 APS 则能显著抑制它们。相反,在敲除小胶质细胞中的 Sema4D 表达后,APS 不再能改善 MIMS-AIMS 相互交织产生的神经毒性。总之,这些结果表明,APS 可通过 Sema4D-PlexinB2 信号转导调节 MIMS-AIMS 串扰。这项研究为 APS 成为治疗脱髓鞘疾病的潜在候选药物提供了科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in P300 amplitude to negative emotional stimuli correlate with treatment responsiveness to sertraline in adolescents with depression 抑郁症青少年对负面情绪刺激的 P300 振幅变化与舍曲林的治疗反应相关。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149272

Objective

Adolescents with depression is characterized by high rates of recurrence and functional impairment, with a significant association with suicide risk. Antidepressants are commonly prescribed to treat depression, yet few reproducible neurobiological markers for depression and antidepressant treatment response have been identified. Therefore, discovering a stable and reliable neurobiological marker holds significant value for both the clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression in adolescents.

Methods

One hundred and seven patients with major depressive disorder (MDD group, 30 males, 77 females, mean age: 14.80 years), and 25 healthy subjects (HC group, 13 males, 12 females, mean age: 15.72 years) were recruited to perform a two-choice oddball task related to negative emotional cues. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to gather demographic information. A trained psychiatrist administered the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) to assess depression severity. Of the 107 adolescents with depression, 61 received antidepressant medication for 8 weeks, and 61 of these patients were followed up. Multichannel EEG was recorded continuously from 64 scalp electrodes using the Curry 8 system. EEG signal preprocessing and analysis was performed offline using the EEGLAB toolbox in MATLAB. The ERP component characteristics associated with emotional processing were extracted from the difference waves and statistically analyzed.

Results

Adolescents with depression exhibited significantly larger P300 amplitudes than healthy controls in response to both neutral and negative emotional cues. Following sertraline treatment, both depression scores and P300 amplitudes decreased significantly in adolescents with depression. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between changes in depression scores and changes in P300 amplitude in response to negative emotional cues before and after treatment.

Conclusions

Changes in neural reactivity to negative emotional stimuli among adolescents with depression can be selectively modulated by sertraline and are significantly associated with improvements in depressive symptoms.

Significance

Changes in P300 amplitude to negative emotional stimuli significantly correlate with treatment responsiveness to sertraline in adolescents with depression.
目的:青少年抑郁症的特点是复发率高、功能受损严重,而且与自杀风险密切相关。抗抑郁药是治疗抑郁症的常用处方药,但很少有可重复的神经生物学标志物能反映抑郁症和抗抑郁药治疗反应。因此,发现一种稳定可靠的神经生物学标志物对于青少年抑郁症的临床诊断和治疗都具有重要价值:方法:招募 107 名重度抑郁症患者(MDD 组,男性 30 人,女性 77 人,平均年龄 14.80 岁)和 25 名健康受试者(HC 组,男性 13 人,女性 12 人,平均年龄 15.72 岁),让他们完成一项与负面情绪线索相关的二选一奇异任务。所有参与者都填写了一份自填问卷,以收集人口统计学信息。一名训练有素的精神科医生采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)来评估抑郁的严重程度。在 107 名患有抑郁症的青少年中,61 人接受了为期 8 周的抗抑郁药物治疗,其中 61 人接受了随访。使用 Curry 8 系统通过 64 个头皮电极连续记录多通道脑电图。使用 MATLAB 中的 EEGLAB 工具箱对脑电图信号进行离线预处理和分析。从差异波中提取与情绪处理相关的 ERP 分量特征,并进行统计分析:结果:在对中性和负面情绪线索做出反应时,抑郁症青少年的 P300 波幅明显大于健康对照组。在舍曲林治疗后,抑郁症青少年的抑郁评分和 P300 波幅都明显下降。此外,在治疗前后,抑郁评分的变化与对负面情绪线索反应的P300振幅变化之间存在很强的正相关性:结论:舍曲林可选择性地调节患有抑郁症的青少年对负面情绪刺激的神经反应性变化,而且这种变化与抑郁症状的改善显著相关:意义:P300振幅对负面情绪刺激的变化与抑郁症青少年对舍曲林治疗的反应性明显相关。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of brain network differences in the active, motor imagery, and passive stoke rehabilitation paradigms based on the task-state EEG 基于任务态脑电图的主动、运动想象和被动脑卒中康复范例的脑网络差异分析
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149261
Different movement paradigms have varying effects on stroke rehabilitation, and their mechanisms of action on the brain are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate disparities in brain network and functional connectivity of three movement paradigms (active, motor imagery, passive) on stroke recovery. EEG signals were recorded from 11 S patients (SP) and 13 healthy controls (HC) during fist clenching and opening tasks under the three paradigms. Brain networks were constructed to analyze alterations in brain network connectivity, node strength (NS), clustering coefficients (CC), characteristic path length (CPL), and small-world index(S). Our findings revealed increased activity in the contralateral motor area in SP and higher activity in the ipsilateral motor area in HC. In the beta band, SP exhibited significantly higher CC in motor imagery (MI) than in active and passive tasks. Furthermore, the small world index of SP during MI tasks in the beta band was significantly smaller than in the active and passive tasks. NS in the gamma band for SP during the MI paradigm was significantly higher than in the active and passive paradigms. These findings suggest reorganization within both ipsilateral and contralateral motor areas of stroke patients during MI tasks, providing evidence for neural restructuring. Collectively, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of task-state brain network changes and the rehabilitative mechanism of MI on motor function.
不同的运动范式对中风康复有不同的影响,而它们对大脑的作用机制还不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨三种运动范式(主动、运动想象、被动)对脑卒中康复的脑网络和功能连接的差异。本研究记录了 11 名中风患者(SP)和 13 名健康对照组(HC)在三种范式下握拳和张开任务时的脑电信号。我们构建了脑网络,以分析脑网络连通性、节点强度(NS)、聚类系数(CC)、特征路径长度(CPL)和小世界指数(S)的变化。我们的研究结果显示,SP 对侧运动区的活动增加,而 HC 同侧运动区的活动增加。在β波段,SP在运动想象(MI)中表现出的CC明显高于主动和被动任务中的CC。此外,在贝塔波段的运动想象任务中,SP 的小世界指数明显小于主动和被动任务。MI范式中SP在伽马波段的NS明显高于主动和被动范式。这些研究结果表明,中风患者在进行MI任务时,同侧和对侧运动区都发生了重组,为神经重组提供了证据。总之,这些研究结果有助于加深对任务态脑网络变化和脑干损伤对运动功能的康复机制的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Ferroptosis-associated alterations in diabetes following ischemic stroke: Insights from RNA sequencing 缺血性中风后糖尿病中与铁蛋白沉积相关的改变:RNA测序的启示
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149274

Objective

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death associated with lipid peroxidation. Though diabetes worsens cerebral injury and clinical outcomes in stroke, it is poorly understood whether ferroptosis contributes to diabetes-exacerbated stroke. This study aimed to identify ferroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes in ischemic stroke under diabetic condition and then explore their roles using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses.

Methods

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) model was established in male mice at 8–10 weeks of age by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (110 mg/kg). Ischemic stroke was induced by a transient 45-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion and evaluated three days thereafter. Ischemic brain cortex was dissected 24 h after the reperfusion and subjected to bulk tissue RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis and verification of key findings via quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

Enlarged infarct size was seen in diabetic, as compared with non-diabetic mice, in conjunction with worsened neurological behaviors. Both body and spleen weights were reduced in diabetic as compared with non-diabetic mice. There was a trend for reduced survival rate in diabetic mice following the stroke. In RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 1299 differentially expressed genes in ischemic brain between diabetic and non-diabetic mice, with upregulation and downregulation for 732 and 567 genes, respectively. Among these genes, 27 genes were associated with ferroptosis. Further analysis reveals that solute carrier family 25 member 28(SLC25A28) and sterol carrier protein 2(SCP2) were the top genes associated with ferroptosis in diabetic mice following ischemic stroke. In several bioinformatics analyses, we found SLC25A28, one of the top ferroptosis-related genes, is involved in several metabolic and regulatory pathways as well as the regulatory complexity of microRNAs and circular RNAs, which demonstrates the potential role of SLC25A28 in diabetes-exacerbated stroke. Drug network analysis suggests SLC25A28 as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating ischemic injury in diabetes.

Conclusions

Our bulk RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses show that altered ferroptosis signaling pathway was associated with the exacerbation of experimental stroke injury under diabetic condition. Especially, additional investigation into the mechanisms of SLC25A28 and SCP2 in diabetes-exacerbated stroke will be explored in the future study.
目的:铁变态反应是一种与脂质过氧化相关的铁依赖性程序性细胞死亡。虽然糖尿病会加重脑卒中的脑损伤和临床预后,但人们对铁蛋白沉积是否会导致糖尿病加重脑卒中还知之甚少。本研究旨在确定糖尿病条件下缺血性脑卒中中与铁氧化相关的差异表达基因,然后利用综合生物信息学分析探讨其作用:通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(110 毫克/千克),在 8-10 周龄雄性小鼠中建立 1 型糖尿病(T1D)模型。一过性 45 分钟大脑中动脉闭塞诱发缺血性中风,三天后进行评估。再灌注 24 小时后解剖缺血的大脑皮层,对其进行大量组织 RNA 测序,然后进行生物信息学分析,并通过定量实时 PCR 验证主要结果:结果:与非糖尿病小鼠相比,糖尿病小鼠的脑梗塞面积增大,同时神经系统表现恶化。与非糖尿病小鼠相比,糖尿病小鼠的体重和脾脏重量均有所下降。中风后,糖尿病小鼠的存活率呈下降趋势。在 RNA 测序分析中,我们在糖尿病小鼠和非糖尿病小鼠缺血脑中发现了 1299 个差异表达基因,分别有 732 个和 567 个基因上调和下调。在这些基因中,有 27 个基因与铁蛋白沉积有关。进一步分析发现,溶质运载家族25成员28(SLC25A28)和固醇运载蛋白2(SCP2)是缺血性脑卒中后糖尿病小鼠中与铁蛋白沉积相关的最大基因。在几项生物信息学分析中,我们发现 SLC25A28 作为与铁突变相关的顶级基因之一,参与了多个代谢和调控通路,以及微RNA 和环状 RNA 的复杂调控,这表明 SLC25A28 在糖尿病加重脑卒中中的潜在作用。药物网络分析表明,SLC25A28是改善糖尿病缺血性损伤的潜在治疗靶点:结论:我们的大容量 RNA 测序和生物信息学分析表明,铁突变信号通路的改变与糖尿病条件下实验性脑卒中损伤的加重有关。结论:我们的大容量 RNA 测序和生物信息学分析表明,铁氧化酶信号通路的改变与糖尿病条件下实验性脑卒中损伤的加重有关,尤其是 SLC25A28 和 SCP2 在糖尿病加重脑卒中中的作用机制有待进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Rest2Task: Modeling task-specific components in resting-state functional connectivity and applications Rest2Task:静息态功能连接中任务特异性成分建模及应用
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149265
The networks observed in the brain during resting-state activity are not entirely “task-free.” Instead, they hint at a hierarchical structure prepared for adaptive cognitive functions. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the potential of resting-state fMRI to predict local activations or global connectomes during task performance. However, uncertainties remain regarding the unique and shared task-specific components within resting-state brain networks, elucidating local activations and global connectome patterns. A coherent framework is also required to integrate these task-specific components to predict local activations and global connectome patterns. In this work, we introduce the Rest2Task model based on the partial least squares-based multivariate regression algorithm, which effectively integrates mappings from resting-state connectivity to local activations and global connectome patterns. By analyzing the coefficients of the regression model, we extracted task-specific resting-state components corresponding to brain local activation or global connectome of various tasks and applied them to the brain lateralization prediction and psychiatric disorders diagnostic. Our model effectively substitutes traditional whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in predicting functional lateralization and diagnosing brain disorders. Our research represents the inaugural effort to quantify the contribution of patterns (components) within resting-state FC to different tasks, endowing these components with specific task-related contextual information. The task-specific resting-state components offer new insights into brain lateralization processing and disease diagnosis, potentially providing fresh perspectives on the adaptive transformation of brain networks in response to tasks.
在静息状态活动中观察到的大脑网络并非完全 "无任务"。相反,它们暗示了为适应认知功能而准备的分层结构。最近的研究越来越多地证明,静息态 fMRI 有潜力预测任务执行过程中的局部激活或全局连接组。然而,关于静息态大脑网络中独特和共享的任务特异性成分、局部激活和全局连接组模式的阐释,仍然存在不确定性。还需要一个连贯的框架来整合这些任务特异性成分,以预测局部激活和全局连接组模式。在这项工作中,我们介绍了基于偏最小二乘法多元回归算法的 Rest2Task 模型,它有效地整合了静息态连接到局部激活和全局连接组模式的映射。通过分析回归模型的系数,我们提取了与各种任务的大脑局部激活或全局连接组相对应的任务特异性静息态成分,并将其应用于大脑侧化预测和精神疾病的诊断。我们的模型有效地替代了传统的全脑功能连接(FC),用于预测功能侧化和诊断脑部疾病。我们的研究首次量化了静息态功能连接模式(成分)对不同任务的贡献,并赋予这些成分与特定任务相关的背景信息。特定任务的静息态成分为大脑侧化处理和疾病诊断提供了新的见解,有可能为大脑网络应对任务的适应性转变提供新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Traumatic brain injury: Symptoms to systems in the 21st century 创伤性脑损伤:从症状到系统的 21 世纪。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149271
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating injury with a mortality of ∼ 25–30 %. Despite decades of high-quality research, no drug therapy has reduced mortality. Why is this so? We argue two contributing factors for the lack of effective drug therapies include the use of specific-pathogen free (SPF) animals for translational research and the flawed practice of single-nodal targeting for drug design. A revolution is required to better understand how the whole body responds to TBI, identify new markers of its progression, and discover new system-acting drugs to treat it. In this review, we present a brief history of TBI, discuss its system’s pathophysiology and propose a new research strategy for the 21st century. TBI progression develops from injury signals radiating from the primary impact, which can cause local ischemia, hemorrhage, excitotoxicity, cellular depolarization, immune dysfunction, sympathetic hyperactivity, blood-brain barrier breach, coagulopathy and whole-body dysfunction. Metabolic reprograming of immune cells drives neuroinflammation and secondary injury processes. We propose if sympathetic hyperactivity and immune cell activation can be corrected early, cardiovascular function and endothelial-glycocalyx-mitochondrial coupling can be restored, and secondary injury minimized with improved patient outcomes. The therapeutic goal is to switch the injury phenotype to a healing phenotype by restoring homeostasis and maintaining sufficient tissue O2 delivery. We have been developing a small-volume fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) to treat TBI and have shown that it blunts the CNS-stress response, supports cardiovascular function and reduces secondary injury. Future research will investigate its suitability for human translation.
严重创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一种破坏性损伤,死亡率高达 25%至 30%。尽管经过数十年的高质量研究,但没有任何药物疗法能降低死亡率。为什么会这样呢?我们认为,导致缺乏有效药物疗法的两个因素包括:在转化研究中使用无特异性病原体(SPF)的动物,以及在药物设计中采用单一结节靶向的错误做法。为了更好地了解全身对创伤性脑损伤的反应、确定其进展的新标志物以及发现治疗创伤性脑损伤的新系统作用药物,我们需要一场革命。在这篇综述中,我们将简要介绍创伤性脑损伤的历史,讨论其系统病理生理学,并提出 21 世纪的新研究战略。创伤性脑损伤的发展源于由原发性撞击辐射而来的损伤信号,这些信号可导致局部缺血、出血、兴奋性中毒、细胞去极化、免疫功能紊乱、交感神经亢进、血脑屏障破坏、凝血功能障碍和全身功能障碍。免疫细胞的代谢重编程推动了神经炎症和继发性损伤过程。我们建议,如果能及早纠正交感神经亢进和免疫细胞活化,就能恢复心血管功能和内皮-糖萼-线粒体耦合,最大限度地减少继发性损伤,改善患者预后。治疗目标是通过恢复平衡和保持足够的组织氧气输送,将损伤表型转换为愈合表型。我们一直在开发一种由腺苷、利多卡因和镁(ALM)组成的小容量液体疗法来治疗创伤性脑损伤,结果表明这种疗法能减弱中枢神经系统的应激反应、支持心血管功能并减少二次损伤。未来的研究将探讨这种疗法是否适合于人体。
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引用次数: 0
Estrogen receptor α regulates the IKKs/NF-kB activity involved in the development of mechanical allodynia induced by REM sleep deprivation in rats 雌激素受体α调节IKKs/NF-kB的活性,IKKs/NF-kB的活性参与了快速眼动睡眠剥夺诱导的大鼠机械异感的发展。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149269
Several signaling pathways that converge in NF-kB activation have been linked to developing and maintaining different types of pathological pain. In addition, some mechanisms implied in the establishment of chronic pain have been demonstrated to have a sex-dependent correlation. This study aimed to determine if the IKKs/NF-kB signaling pathway is involved in establishing REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) induced mechanical allodynia in rats and its possible regulation depending on estradiol and estrogen receptors. Intrathecal administration of BMS-345541 or minocycline, two drugs that reduce the IKKs/NF-kB activity, avoided the development of mechanical allodynia in female but not in male rats subjected to 48 h of REMSD. Ovariectomy in female rats abolished the effect of BMS-345541 and minocycline. Meanwhile, the 17-β-estradiol restitution restored it. Intrathecal administration of MPP, a selective ERα antagonist, but not PHTPP, a selective ERβ antagonist, avoided the effect of BMS-345541 in female rats without hormonal manipulation. In addition, the transient run-down of ERα in female rats abolished the effect of BMS-345541. All data suggest an important role of ERα as a regulator of the IKKs/NF-kB activity. REMSD increased the ERα protein expression in the dorsal root ganglia and the dorsal spinal cord in females but not in male rats. Interestingly, ERα activation or ERα overexpression allowed the effect of BMS-345541 in male rats. Data suggest an important regulatory role of ERα in the IKKs/NF-kB activity on establishing mechanical allodynia induced by REMSD in female rats.
NF-kB 激活所汇聚的几种信号通路与不同类型病理性疼痛的发生和维持有关。此外,慢性疼痛的某些形成机制已被证实与性别相关。本研究旨在确定 IKKs/NF-kB 信号通路是否参与了快速眼动睡眠剥夺(REMSD)诱导的大鼠机械异感的形成,以及雌二醇和雌激素受体对其可能的调节作用。鞘内注射 BMS-345541 或米诺环素(这两种药物可降低 IKKs/NF-kB 的活性)可避免雌性大鼠(而非雄性大鼠)在接受 48 小时 REMSD 后出现机械异感。雌性大鼠卵巢切除术取消了 BMS-345541 和米诺环素的作用。与此同时,17-β-雌二醇的恢复作用则可使其复原。鞘内注射选择性ERα拮抗剂MPP,而非选择性ERβ拮抗剂PHTPP,可避免BMS-345541对雌性大鼠的影响,而无需激素操作。此外,雌性大鼠体内ERα的瞬时下降也会消除BMS-345541的作用。所有数据都表明,ERα 是 IKKs/NF-kB 活性的重要调节因子。REMSD 增加了雌性大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背侧的 ERα 蛋白表达,而雄性大鼠则没有。有趣的是,ERα激活或ERα过表达可使 BMS-345541 对雄性大鼠产生影响。数据表明,ERα 在 IKKs/NF-kB 活动中对雌性大鼠由 REMSD 诱发的机械异动症的建立起了重要的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between alcohol bingeing in the gestational period of wistar rats and the development of schizophrenia in the offspring adult life 妊娠期酗酒与后代成年后患精神分裂症之间的关系。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149270
The incidence of schizophrenia in young adulthood may be associated with intrauterine factors, such as gestational alcohol consumption. This study investigated the relationship between a single high dose of alcohol during pregnancy in Wistar rats and the development of schizophrenia in the adult life of the offspring. On the 11th day of gestation, pregnant rats received either water or alcohol via intragastric gavage. Male and female offspring were subjected to behavioral tests at 30 days of age according to the maternal group. At 60 days of age, offspring received intraperitoneal injections of ketamine (ket) or saline (SAL). After the final ketamine administration, the adult offspring underwent behavioral tests, and their brain structures were removed for biochemical analysis. Alcohol binge drinking during pregnancy induces hyperlocomotion in both young female and male offspring, with males of alcohol-exposed mothers showing reduced social interactions. In adult offspring, ketamine induced hyperlocomotion; however, only females in the alcohol + ket group exhibited increased locomotor activity, and a decrease in the time to first contact was observed in the alcohol group. Cognitive impairment was exclusively observed in male animals in the alcohol group. Increased serotonin and dopamine levels were observed in male rats in the alcohol + ket group. Biochemical alterations indicate the effects of intrauterine alcohol exposure associated with ketamine in adult animals. These behavioral and biochemical changes suggest that the impact of prenatal stressors such as alcohol persists throughout the animals’ lives and may be exacerbated by a second stressor in adulthood, such as ketamine.
青年期精神分裂症的发病率可能与宫内因素(如妊娠期饮酒)有关。本研究调查了 Wistar 大鼠妊娠期间摄入单次高剂量酒精与后代成年后精神分裂症发病率之间的关系。在妊娠的第 11 天,妊娠大鼠通过胃内灌胃接受水或酒精。雌雄大鼠的后代在出生后 30 天按母鼠组别接受行为测试。60日龄时,后代腹腔注射氯胺酮(ket)或生理盐水(SAL)。最后一次氯胺酮注射后,成年后代接受行为测试,并取出其大脑结构进行生化分析。妊娠期酗酒会诱发幼年雌性和雄性后代的过度运动,母亲酗酒的雄性后代会减少社会交往。在成年后代中,氯胺酮会诱发过度运动;然而,只有酒精+氯胺酮组的雌性后代表现出运动活动增加,而且在酒精组中观察到首次接触时间缩短。酒精组中只有雄性动物出现认知障碍。酒精 + 酮组雄性大鼠的血清素和多巴胺水平升高。生化变化表明,成年动物在宫内接触酒精和氯胺酮会产生影响。这些行为和生化变化表明,产前压力源(如酒精)对动物一生的影响是持续性的,成年后的第二种压力源(如氯胺酮)可能会加剧这种影响。
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Brain Research
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