From 2001 until now, treatment of HER-2 expressing breast cancer is radically changed. The cardinal role of HER-2 antigen [1] and the power of blocking HER-2 signalling by trastuzumab [2] have been increasingly recognized as the bricks on which a robust therapeutic strategy could be built. In fact, Cleopatra study in first-line [3], Emilia in second line [4] and Th3resa [5] in third line are only confirmative of this statement. The novel antibody pertuzumab, added to the trastuzumab in the triplet of Cleopatra study, significantly increases overall survival and progression-free survival as never before [3]. Trastuzumabado-emtansine (TDM-1) is an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). TDM-1 was pharmacologically developed on the solid axis of trastuzumab because the chemotherapeutic emtansine is too toxic to be used alone. This means that HER-2 pathway remains the way to arrive to tumor but the machine was empowered by a chemotherapeutic able to enhance the killing cell rate.
{"title":"Trastuzumab emtansine is the standard second-line treatment following horizontal blockade in first line of advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer: A plant that has still to grow","authors":"L. Montella, S. Prete, P. Bove","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"From 2001 until now, treatment of HER-2 expressing breast cancer is radically changed. The cardinal role of HER-2 antigen [1] and the power of blocking HER-2 signalling by trastuzumab [2] have been increasingly recognized as the bricks on which a robust therapeutic strategy could be built. In fact, Cleopatra study in first-line [3], Emilia in second line [4] and Th3resa [5] in third line are only confirmative of this statement. The novel antibody pertuzumab, added to the trastuzumab in the triplet of Cleopatra study, significantly increases overall survival and progression-free survival as never before [3]. Trastuzumabado-emtansine (TDM-1) is an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). TDM-1 was pharmacologically developed on the solid axis of trastuzumab because the chemotherapeutic emtansine is too toxic to be used alone. This means that HER-2 pathway remains the way to arrive to tumor but the machine was empowered by a chemotherapeutic able to enhance the killing cell rate.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Battepati, Priyanka Gupta, B. Manjunatha, B. S. Manasali
Presence of teeth or tooth like masses at unusual sites of perioral structures like maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, ear, lip etc have been occasionally reported. But presence of fully developed dental structures with supporting skeletal tissue at non tooth bearing areas is extremely rare entity. In this report a similar case of presence of supplemental dental tissue along with supporting skeletal structure at buccal mucosa affecting facial symmetry which was associated with suspected Goldenhar Syndrome is presented. Report of such condition is extremely scanty in available literature and has been termed as OdotogenicChoriostoma by certain authors. *Correspondence to: Manjunatha BS, Associate Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Chairman, Scientific Presentation Committee, Member, Examination Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, E-mail: drmanju26@hotmail.com Received: April 09, 2019; Accepted: April 25, 2019; Published: April 29, 2019 Background Presence of tooth or tooth like structures at extragingival sites is not uncommon. Various extra gingival sites are reported for presence of such kind of structures like nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ear, tongue as well as mandibular condylar and coronoid process. Presence of such structures may cause malocclusion, difficulty in breathing, incomplete articulation and speech alteration. Some of them are diagnosed early whereas some remain subclinical and diagnosed incidentally on radiograph. Confirmatory diagnosis for such structures is made by co relating clinical, radiographic and histological examination. Presence of tooth like structures at unusual site is considered ectopic and their presence in soft tissue is seldom observed. The term ‘‘choriostoma’’ has been proposed for such kind of structures which are histologically normal for a part of body except at the site where it is located [1]. Primary classification of choriostoma has been proposed based on its clinical and histomorphologic features like salivary gland choriostoma, osseous and cartilaginous choriostoma, glial and gastric choriostoma etc [2]. Osseous and cartilageous types of choriostoma are most commonly seen in oral cavity [1]. For presentation of such lesions with dental component as well as its location on extra gingival site, term ‘odontogenic choriostoma’ seems to be appropriate. We present an unusual case of an 8 year old girl with presence of tooth like structures in right buccal mucosa with supporting bony extension from right maxillary posterior region associated with suspected case of Goldenhar syndrome, for which term odontogenic choriostoma is used.
{"title":"Odontogenic Choriostoma in buccal mucosa associated with suspected Goldenhar Syndrome","authors":"P. Battepati, Priyanka Gupta, B. Manjunatha, B. S. Manasali","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of teeth or tooth like masses at unusual sites of perioral structures like maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, ear, lip etc have been occasionally reported. But presence of fully developed dental structures with supporting skeletal tissue at non tooth bearing areas is extremely rare entity. In this report a similar case of presence of supplemental dental tissue along with supporting skeletal structure at buccal mucosa affecting facial symmetry which was associated with suspected Goldenhar Syndrome is presented. Report of such condition is extremely scanty in available literature and has been termed as OdotogenicChoriostoma by certain authors. *Correspondence to: Manjunatha BS, Associate Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Chairman, Scientific Presentation Committee, Member, Examination Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, E-mail: drmanju26@hotmail.com Received: April 09, 2019; Accepted: April 25, 2019; Published: April 29, 2019 Background Presence of tooth or tooth like structures at extragingival sites is not uncommon. Various extra gingival sites are reported for presence of such kind of structures like nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ear, tongue as well as mandibular condylar and coronoid process. Presence of such structures may cause malocclusion, difficulty in breathing, incomplete articulation and speech alteration. Some of them are diagnosed early whereas some remain subclinical and diagnosed incidentally on radiograph. Confirmatory diagnosis for such structures is made by co relating clinical, radiographic and histological examination. Presence of tooth like structures at unusual site is considered ectopic and their presence in soft tissue is seldom observed. The term ‘‘choriostoma’’ has been proposed for such kind of structures which are histologically normal for a part of body except at the site where it is located [1]. Primary classification of choriostoma has been proposed based on its clinical and histomorphologic features like salivary gland choriostoma, osseous and cartilaginous choriostoma, glial and gastric choriostoma etc [2]. Osseous and cartilageous types of choriostoma are most commonly seen in oral cavity [1]. For presentation of such lesions with dental component as well as its location on extra gingival site, term ‘odontogenic choriostoma’ seems to be appropriate. We present an unusual case of an 8 year old girl with presence of tooth like structures in right buccal mucosa with supporting bony extension from right maxillary posterior region associated with suspected case of Goldenhar syndrome, for which term odontogenic choriostoma is used.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. B. Salomão, G. A. V. Cruzeiro, P. Chagas, R. Bonfim-Silva, M. Brassesco, L. Tone
TET enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), during the process of active DNA demethylation. These enzymes are differentially expressed in several tissues during development and can regulate several conserved signaling pathways, such as Wingless (WNT), Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β). Low expression of TET genes and the consequent reduction of 5hmC levels have been commonly reported in tumors of different origins and, in most cases, associated with poor prognosis. On this basis, we aimed to compile information about the canonical action of TET enzymes on the above signaling pathways during development, as well as the alterations characterized in different cancer cells. The presence of TETs is fundamental for normal embryonic development and their deletion in animal models has shown to delay cell differentiation and result in dysregulated expression of genes involved in signaling pathways. Consequently, the absence of TETs results in central nervous system defects and retinal deformity. In cancer, low expression of TETs induces activation of the WNT, TGF-β and NOTCH pathways, either directly or indirectly. Depletion in Tet activity inhibits tumorigenic processes, such as cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The prospect of TET pharmacological or molecular manipulation might have global effects that should be considered for future therapeutic intervention. *Correspondence to: Karina Bezerra Salomão, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – USP, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, Tel: +55 16 3602 2651, E-mail: karina_slm@hotmail.com
{"title":"TET enzymes and key signalling pathways: Crosstalk in embryonic development and cancer","authors":"K. B. Salomão, G. A. V. Cruzeiro, P. Chagas, R. Bonfim-Silva, M. Brassesco, L. Tone","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"TET enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), during the process of active DNA demethylation. These enzymes are differentially expressed in several tissues during development and can regulate several conserved signaling pathways, such as Wingless (WNT), Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β). Low expression of TET genes and the consequent reduction of 5hmC levels have been commonly reported in tumors of different origins and, in most cases, associated with poor prognosis. On this basis, we aimed to compile information about the canonical action of TET enzymes on the above signaling pathways during development, as well as the alterations characterized in different cancer cells. The presence of TETs is fundamental for normal embryonic development and their deletion in animal models has shown to delay cell differentiation and result in dysregulated expression of genes involved in signaling pathways. Consequently, the absence of TETs results in central nervous system defects and retinal deformity. In cancer, low expression of TETs induces activation of the WNT, TGF-β and NOTCH pathways, either directly or indirectly. Depletion in Tet activity inhibits tumorigenic processes, such as cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The prospect of TET pharmacological or molecular manipulation might have global effects that should be considered for future therapeutic intervention. *Correspondence to: Karina Bezerra Salomão, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – USP, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, Tel: +55 16 3602 2651, E-mail: karina_slm@hotmail.com","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and bone marrow dysplasia that, in many cases, progresses to acute myeloid leukemia [1]. Treatment for MDS is variable and applied according to the risk classification based on the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) [2,3]. Approximately 10–20% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) present with autoimmune diseases (AD) which can be challenging to recognize. The autoimmunity is believed to be triggered by the increased apoptosis in the dysplastic bone marrow. Recent evidence suggests that both diseases are characterized by dendritic and T-cell abnormalities. AD presentation varies from clinical syndromes such as vasculitis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis to laboratory abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia and autoantibodies [4]. The association of AIM and MDS was first described in 1982 as AIHA one year after the diagnosis of MDS. 6 Subsequently, multiple cases and studies have been published emphasizing the relationship between autoimmunity and MDS [5].
{"title":"Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), diagnosis, prognosis and the best available treatment","authors":"J. Rehman, A. Ni, M. Jalil","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and bone marrow dysplasia that, in many cases, progresses to acute myeloid leukemia [1]. Treatment for MDS is variable and applied according to the risk classification based on the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) [2,3]. Approximately 10–20% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) present with autoimmune diseases (AD) which can be challenging to recognize. The autoimmunity is believed to be triggered by the increased apoptosis in the dysplastic bone marrow. Recent evidence suggests that both diseases are characterized by dendritic and T-cell abnormalities. AD presentation varies from clinical syndromes such as vasculitis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis to laboratory abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia and autoantibodies [4]. The association of AIM and MDS was first described in 1982 as AIHA one year after the diagnosis of MDS. 6 Subsequently, multiple cases and studies have been published emphasizing the relationship between autoimmunity and MDS [5].","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Magro, F. Sofi, G. Mascherini, G. Galanti, L. Stefani
Background: body weight control by proper diet management following the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations (WCRF) and physical activity play a role in reducing cancer risk and improving quality of life. The study evaluates the concordance between the WCRF recommendations, updated to 2017, and the improvement of anthropometric and physical parameters in a cohort of patients with previous stable breast cancer, without signs of co-morbidity and in complete remission of neoplastic disease, in Italy. Methods: this is an open, randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial. Twenty-one patients with previous breast cancer were recruited at the Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise of the University Hospital, Florence. The patients were divided into two groups (Group 1 and Group 2). They were submitted to two evaluations in a week: in the first a complete evaluation was performed in terms of body composition, physical performance, myocardial conditions and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In the end, a weekly food diary was delivered to understand patient habits. In the second visit, after the completion of the food diary, an in-depth analysis on nutrition was carried out. Lifestyle and nutrition were corrected for G1 using WCRF recommendations; instead, general and standardized food councils have been delivered to G2. The follow-up was two months for patients of both groups, in which all anthropometric, physical and dietary measures were repeated. Results: Significant improvements were observed in G1 for the following anthropometric parameters: BMI -0.4 (from 28.6 to 28.2; 95% CI), weight -1.0 kg (from 72.7 to 71.7; 95% CI), waist circumference -1.7 cm (from 93.5 to 91.8; 95% CI) and hip circumference -1.3 cm (from 104.9 to 103.6; 99% CI). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, determined with the MEDI-LITE score, was increased by 1 point (from 14 to 15; 99% CI). Finally, significant improvements were identified for the amount of weekly physical activity, equal to 35 minutes (from 173 to 208; 99% CI) and for strength of the lower body, determined with the Chair Test, equal to two repetitions (from 17 to 19; 95% CI). Conclusions: The study suggests that the following WCRF recommendations could significantly improve most of the anthropometric and physical parameters among female breast cancer survivors. It can be widely proposed in populations. *Correspondence to: Laura Stefani, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Sports Medicine, Via delle Oblate, 50141, Florence, Italy, E-mail: laura.stefani@unifi.it
{"title":"Concordance between the WCRF recommendations and reduced global cardiovascular risk in a cohort of survived breast cancer patients","authors":"Simone Magro, F. Sofi, G. Mascherini, G. Galanti, L. Stefani","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: body weight control by proper diet management following the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations (WCRF) and physical activity play a role in reducing cancer risk and improving quality of life. The study evaluates the concordance between the WCRF recommendations, updated to 2017, and the improvement of anthropometric and physical parameters in a cohort of patients with previous stable breast cancer, without signs of co-morbidity and in complete remission of neoplastic disease, in Italy. Methods: this is an open, randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial. Twenty-one patients with previous breast cancer were recruited at the Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise of the University Hospital, Florence. The patients were divided into two groups (Group 1 and Group 2). They were submitted to two evaluations in a week: in the first a complete evaluation was performed in terms of body composition, physical performance, myocardial conditions and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In the end, a weekly food diary was delivered to understand patient habits. In the second visit, after the completion of the food diary, an in-depth analysis on nutrition was carried out. Lifestyle and nutrition were corrected for G1 using WCRF recommendations; instead, general and standardized food councils have been delivered to G2. The follow-up was two months for patients of both groups, in which all anthropometric, physical and dietary measures were repeated. Results: Significant improvements were observed in G1 for the following anthropometric parameters: BMI -0.4 (from 28.6 to 28.2; 95% CI), weight -1.0 kg (from 72.7 to 71.7; 95% CI), waist circumference -1.7 cm (from 93.5 to 91.8; 95% CI) and hip circumference -1.3 cm (from 104.9 to 103.6; 99% CI). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, determined with the MEDI-LITE score, was increased by 1 point (from 14 to 15; 99% CI). Finally, significant improvements were identified for the amount of weekly physical activity, equal to 35 minutes (from 173 to 208; 99% CI) and for strength of the lower body, determined with the Chair Test, equal to two repetitions (from 17 to 19; 95% CI). Conclusions: The study suggests that the following WCRF recommendations could significantly improve most of the anthropometric and physical parameters among female breast cancer survivors. It can be widely proposed in populations. *Correspondence to: Laura Stefani, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Sports Medicine, Via delle Oblate, 50141, Florence, Italy, E-mail: laura.stefani@unifi.it","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Chalikonda, B. Shinn, Christopher G. Roth, H. Hann
Acute and chronic stress both has a profound impact on the immune system and subsequent disease development. However, it is important to understand that their effects are opposite. Acute stress leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which stimulates the immune system whereas chronic stress leads to immune system suppression. Chronic suppression can lead to viral activation, disease progression and cancer development, specifically, hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case in which a patient with hepatitis B virus and cirrhosis developed a LI-RADS 4 (probably hepatocellular carcinoma) lesion during a period of substantial stress. Fortunately, his stress was able to be relieved, and he was subsequently found to have regression of this probably malignant lesion to a benign lesion. It is germane for physicians to understand the large impact stress can have on disease development and progression in an effort to curtail this by providing patients with appropriate psychological and emotional support. *Correspondence to: Hie-Won Hann, MD, FAASLD, Director, Liver Disease Prevention Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA, Tel: 215-955-5806, E-mail: hie-won.hann@jefferson.edu
{"title":"“The host’s role in hepatocellular carcinoma development: A case of regression from probable malignancy to a benign lesion”","authors":"D. Chalikonda, B. Shinn, Christopher G. Roth, H. Hann","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Acute and chronic stress both has a profound impact on the immune system and subsequent disease development. However, it is important to understand that their effects are opposite. Acute stress leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which stimulates the immune system whereas chronic stress leads to immune system suppression. Chronic suppression can lead to viral activation, disease progression and cancer development, specifically, hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case in which a patient with hepatitis B virus and cirrhosis developed a LI-RADS 4 (probably hepatocellular carcinoma) lesion during a period of substantial stress. Fortunately, his stress was able to be relieved, and he was subsequently found to have regression of this probably malignant lesion to a benign lesion. It is germane for physicians to understand the large impact stress can have on disease development and progression in an effort to curtail this by providing patients with appropriate psychological and emotional support. *Correspondence to: Hie-Won Hann, MD, FAASLD, Director, Liver Disease Prevention Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA, Tel: 215-955-5806, E-mail: hie-won.hann@jefferson.edu","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suzan M Nagash, J. Rehman, Naif I. AlJohani, Z. Zahrani, Usman Bin Yamin, Salmin Muftah, Basim Al Beirouti
As of 2018, adult leukemia ranks the 5th among common cancers in Saudi Arabia in both genders with the incidence of 6.69 % and estimated mortality of 9.5% [1]. In one retrospective analysis of AML morphology of 153 patients at a tertiary referral center in Saudi Arabia, M6 comprised 1% among the FAB subtypes classification. [2]. in a more recent retrospective study of 91 adult patients diagnosed with AML at Tertiary center in Riyadh, between 2006 and 2013. M1 subtype predominated the subtypes of AML as per FAB classification. Secondary AML accounted for 23% of all patients, and the majority of cases of secondary AML are transformed from MDS [3,4]. Unfortunately, there is scarcity in data regarding the risk factors and occurrence of secondary malignancy among post autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma patients in our Saudi population. The Increased risk of secondary primary malignancy has been well established with lenalidomide maintenance following high-dose melphalan. Ultimately, the mortality rate from MM is significantly higher than the mortality from secondary primary malignancies with lenalidomide which has a survival benefit [5]. In almost 50% of the cases, AML-M6 occurs secondary to alkylating agents or occupational exposure to mutagenic agents. Other cases may develop as a blast crisis of myeloproliferative disease or evolve from myelodysplastic syndrome [6,7].
{"title":"Acute pure erythroid leukemia mimicking morphological changes of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency in IgG lambda multiple myeloma patient post autologous stem cell transplant","authors":"Suzan M Nagash, J. Rehman, Naif I. AlJohani, Z. Zahrani, Usman Bin Yamin, Salmin Muftah, Basim Al Beirouti","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2018, adult leukemia ranks the 5th among common cancers in Saudi Arabia in both genders with the incidence of 6.69 % and estimated mortality of 9.5% [1]. In one retrospective analysis of AML morphology of 153 patients at a tertiary referral center in Saudi Arabia, M6 comprised 1% among the FAB subtypes classification. [2]. in a more recent retrospective study of 91 adult patients diagnosed with AML at Tertiary center in Riyadh, between 2006 and 2013. M1 subtype predominated the subtypes of AML as per FAB classification. Secondary AML accounted for 23% of all patients, and the majority of cases of secondary AML are transformed from MDS [3,4]. Unfortunately, there is scarcity in data regarding the risk factors and occurrence of secondary malignancy among post autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma patients in our Saudi population. The Increased risk of secondary primary malignancy has been well established with lenalidomide maintenance following high-dose melphalan. Ultimately, the mortality rate from MM is significantly higher than the mortality from secondary primary malignancies with lenalidomide which has a survival benefit [5]. In almost 50% of the cases, AML-M6 occurs secondary to alkylating agents or occupational exposure to mutagenic agents. Other cases may develop as a blast crisis of myeloproliferative disease or evolve from myelodysplastic syndrome [6,7].","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-selective cytotoxic therapy of cancer is effective, acting harmfully for a host. Legal deep lymphocytopenia at conventional cytotoxic therapy, high risk of new malignancies after it, spreading of malignant cells through favorite lymph nodes, a restriction of immunocytes activity inside tumor at anti-angiogenic treatment does not feet the idea of host immune defense against spontaneous cancer. To understand these theoretical inconsistencies we discussed the development of a tumor and its microvessels, gradual exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cell number in blood and arising of cancer cachexia, ratio of infectious morbidity and cancer mortality in their interrelation, using an experimental, clinical data and population statistics. We concluded, that mentioned above and other principal discrepancies would become regularities, if the cells renewing in both malignant and normal tissues were taken as a result of the recently discovered morphogenesis activity of circulating mononuclear cells, originated from the bone marrow and presented by tissue’s committed stem cells and some subsets of morpho-angiogenic lymphocytes. *Correspondence to: Shoutko AN, Laboratory for Improvement of the Cancer Treatment Methods, Russian Granov’s Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, SaintPetersburg, Russia, E-mail: shoutko@inbox.ru
{"title":"Immunity or morphogenesis in cancer development and treatment","authors":"S. An","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Non-selective cytotoxic therapy of cancer is effective, acting harmfully for a host. Legal deep lymphocytopenia at conventional cytotoxic therapy, high risk of new malignancies after it, spreading of malignant cells through favorite lymph nodes, a restriction of immunocytes activity inside tumor at anti-angiogenic treatment does not feet the idea of host immune defense against spontaneous cancer. To understand these theoretical inconsistencies we discussed the development of a tumor and its microvessels, gradual exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cell number in blood and arising of cancer cachexia, ratio of infectious morbidity and cancer mortality in their interrelation, using an experimental, clinical data and population statistics. We concluded, that mentioned above and other principal discrepancies would become regularities, if the cells renewing in both malignant and normal tissues were taken as a result of the recently discovered morphogenesis activity of circulating mononuclear cells, originated from the bone marrow and presented by tissue’s committed stem cells and some subsets of morpho-angiogenic lymphocytes. *Correspondence to: Shoutko AN, Laboratory for Improvement of the Cancer Treatment Methods, Russian Granov’s Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, SaintPetersburg, Russia, E-mail: shoutko@inbox.ru","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huang Xb, Hubisihaletu, L. Gu, Y. Wu, Yeh Hy, Qing-xiang Xu
{"title":"Combined transurethral resection and laparoscopic paritial cystectomy for the treatment of bladder endometriosis: A case report","authors":"Huang Xb, Hubisihaletu, L. Gu, Y. Wu, Yeh Hy, Qing-xiang Xu","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule that was first explored in reproductive immune regulation for fetal implantations [1]. Because HLA-G has immune suppressive functions, it has been assumed that HLA-G could play a role in tumor immune escape mechanisms. Thirty years ago, Paul et al. [2] first reported that HLA-G expression was specifically observed in melanoma lesions. Since then, numerous subsequent studies with thousands of samples from more than thirty different types of tumors have demonstrated that HLA-G expression in cancers is highly related to immune suppressive microenvironments, advanced tumor stages, and poor therapeutic responses and prognosis [3]. Accordingly, HLA-G has been recommended to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor immune escape of human cancers.
{"title":"Can human leukocyte antigen G be widely accepted as a biomarker in cancer clinical practice?","authors":"K. Yie, S. Yie","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule that was first explored in reproductive immune regulation for fetal implantations [1]. Because HLA-G has immune suppressive functions, it has been assumed that HLA-G could play a role in tumor immune escape mechanisms. Thirty years ago, Paul et al. [2] first reported that HLA-G expression was specifically observed in melanoma lesions. Since then, numerous subsequent studies with thousands of samples from more than thirty different types of tumors have demonstrated that HLA-G expression in cancers is highly related to immune suppressive microenvironments, advanced tumor stages, and poor therapeutic responses and prognosis [3]. Accordingly, HLA-G has been recommended to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor immune escape of human cancers.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67476578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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