Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research最新文献

This study was designed to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). GSE66360 and GSE48060 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The "limma" tool was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 557 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the GeneCard database. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were obtained by intersecting DEGs with ARGs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were used to screen the hub DEARGs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of hub DEARGs. A total of 21 DEARGs were obtained, all of which were up-regulated in AMI samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEARGs were mainly enriched in peptidase activity and extracellular matrix. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a significant difference in 14 immune cells between the AMI and normal groups. Nine feature risk genes, including ITPRIP, MMP9, NAMPT, CDKN1A, PLAUR, PLAU, SERPINA1, THBS1, and FN1 were screened by LASSO, SVM, and RF. The RT-qPCR analyses verified that the feature genes were up-regulated in AMI patients, which were basically consistent with the main bioinformatics analysis results. We also validated 9 hub DEARGs in the GSE48060 dataset and constructed a nomogram by integrating these DEARGs. This study analyzed the differential expression of ARGs and immune profiles in AMI and normal samples, screened 9 risk feature genes for predicting AMI, and provided a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy regimen of AMI.

We aimed to explore the effect of omnibearing operating room nursing in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and its influence on postoperative pain. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent THA were enrolled and assigned into either a control group or an observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received omnibearing operating room nursing in addition to routine nursing. Perioperative indicators, postoperative pain, physical signs, hip function, quality of life, complications, as well as nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the observation group showed shorter operation time and hospital stay, less intraoperative blood loss, lower visual analogue scale (VAS) scores post-operation, a lower rate of additional analgesic use, and decreased respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 7 days after operation, as well as elevated Harris Hip Score (HHS) dimension scores, total scores, and SF-36 scores, lower total incidence rate of complications, and higher total satisfaction rate of nursing care (all P<0.05). Omnibearing operating room nursing can relieve postoperative pain, promote the recovery of hip joint function, improve the quality of life, decrease the occurrence of complications, and enhance patients' nursing satisfaction.

Quercetin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of musculoskeletal lesions, but presents poor oral absorption because of its low water solubility and structural instability. Its penetration through the skin can be enhanced by quercetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-Q), which is increased when applied with massage, but this has not yet been tested. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage with NLC-Q gel on biochemical parameters after a traumatic lesion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Forty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control, lesion, lesion treated with NLC-Q gel, lesion treated by massage with placebo gel, and lesion treated by massage with NLC-Q gel). The gastrocnemius muscle was lesioned by mechanical crushing, and treatments began 24 h after injury. Massage was performed at 12 h intervals for a total of five 5-min sessions. Serum and muscle creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and muscle oxidative stress (concentration of reactive oxygen species [ROS], lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes) were evaluated 96 h after lesion formation. Blood CK levels increased in all injured groups (P<0.001); however, the interventions reduced plasma CK compared to the lesion group (P<0.05). Interventions reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.05), but only the NLC-Q gel and massage with NLC-Q gel reduced the concentration of ROS and protein oxidation in the lesion group (P<0.05). These findings indicated that NLC-Q gel and massage with NLC-Q gel can help repair muscle damage and reduce oxidative stress parameters.

This study aimed to explore the construction and application of a nomogram model for early-stage cervical central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The study included 360 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTC. Of these, 100 patients had PTC with concurrent HT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for CLNM in patients with PTC and HT. A nomogram was designed to guide clinical decision-making. Age, gender, thyroid peroxidase antibody status, tumor diameter, tumor location, multifocal lesions, capsular invasion, calcification, aspect ratio ≥1, irregular morphology, and tumor diameter ≥1 cm strongly correlated with CLNM in patients with PTC combined with HT. Notably, capsular invasion, aspect ratio ≥1, calcification, and irregular morphology were risk factors for CLNM in patients with PTC combined with HT. A nomogram was constructed to visualize and graphically calculate the probability of CLNM development in these patients. Our findings indicated that the independent risk factors for CLNM development in patients with PTC combined with HT are capsular invasion, aspect ratio ≥1, calcification, and irregular morphology. The nomogram model developed in this study has great potential for clinical applications.

The current therapy for myocardial infarction focuses on reestablishing blood flow in the coronary arteries to reduce the ischemic area, but the subsequent damage caused by reperfusion cannot be ignored. Liquiritin, a primary flavonoid compound found in the medicinal plant licorice, exhibits distinct pharmacological properties including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, further research on its role and mechanism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is needed. The aim of this work was to elucidate the protection of liquiritin against myocardial I/R insult and whether liquiritin-mediated autophagy restoration was associated with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in vivo and in vitro. Liquiritin administration by oral gavage inhibited pathological injury of myocardial I/R injured rats, evidenced by improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size. Moreover, liquiritin restored excessive autophagy by promoting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which was accompanied by PIK3CA upregulation. Mechanistically, silencing PIK3CA in rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts diminished the beneficial effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury reflected by exacerbated apoptosis and dysregulated autophagy mediated by the classical PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Liquiritin inhibited excessive autophagic flux via decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion, which was similar to the effect of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Moreover, this phenomenon was enhanced when liquiritin and chloroquine were used in combination. Collectively, our work revealed that the protective effect of liquiritin against myocardial I/R injury may be attributed to its autophagy restoration mediated by PIK3CA.

Schistosomiasis remains a major global health concern, affecting approximately 260 million people, with 440 million experiencing morbidity and over 800 million at risk of infection. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it ranks as the second most socioeconomically impactful infectious disease and the third most significant parasitic disease in terms of public health. This study aimed to improve immunodiagnostic tools for Schistosoma mansoni in resource-limited settings by developing monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) using locally available materials. MoAbs were produced using hybridoma technology and assessed for specificity to soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) through ELISA. Immuno-phosphatase and immuno-peroxidase staining were employed to localize target antigens across various life cycle stages and assess cross-reactivity with related species. Four distinct MoAbs demonstrated strong phosphatase and peroxidase activity in the gut and tegumental tubercles of S. mansoni adult worms, with extreme (4+) phosphatase staining. The dorsal tubercles and oral/ventral suckers showed strong (3+) peroxidase staining. S. mansoni schistosomula showed positive staining in the oral sucker and penetration glands, while cercariae showed no reactivity. Cross-reactivity with S. haematobium was minimal, showing only weak (1+) peroxidase staining in gut and tegumental structures, as well as the intact worm's tegumental tubercles and suckers. In conclusion, the MoAbs developed exhibited high specificity for S. mansoni with limited cross-reactivity to S. haematobium, supporting their potential utility in locally produced, sensitive immunodiagnostic tools to strengthen schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts in endemic regions.

Biochanin A (BCA), a phytoestrogen with broad therapeutic potential, is a promising molecule for alleviating post-menopausal symptoms and treating disorders related to reproductive metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of BCA on inflammatory changes caused by postmenopausal obesity is unclear. Thus, this study focused on investigating the impact of BCA on the adipose tissue and liver of ovariectomized (OVX) mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that BCA treatment reduced the crown-like structures (CLS), adipocyte area, and hypertrophic adipocyte distribution. This was accompanied by an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 and the expression of Mrc1 (CD206), a marker for M2 macrophages. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the extent of hepatic steatosis, triglyceride content, and the expression of Nos2, the M1 marker. We concluded that BCA exerted an anti-inflammatory response in the tissues, promoting a resolving profile, although the metabolic profile of the animals was not altered. This study was the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of BCA in ovariectomized animals with established obesity.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) is a member of the semaphorin family, and its specific biological function in CRC progression remains unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that SEMA6A expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and that low expression of SEMA6A was associated with a poor prognosis. Compared with those in normal colorectal epithelial cells, SEMA6A expression levels were lower in CRC cell lines. CACO2 and SW48 cells were chosen to construct stable SEMA6A-knockdown and SEMA6A-overexpressing cell lines. SEMA6A knockdown promoted CACO2 proliferation. Conversely, SEMA6A overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of SW48 cells. Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that SEMA6A overexpression inhibited the invasion and migration ability of SW48 cells. SEMA6A overexpression might impede CRC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by the downregulation of N-cadherin expression and the upregulation of E-cadherin expression in SW48 cells. To further validate the role of SEMA6A in CRC progression in vivo, transplanted tumor and liver metastasis mouse models were constructed in nude mice by injecting stable SEMA6A-overexpressing SW48 cell lines. SEMA6A overexpression inhibited tumor growth in SW48 tumor-bearing mice and the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues. In addition, SEMA6A overexpression resulted in a marked decrease in liver metastasis of CRC cells, with decreased numbers of hepatic metastatic nodules and infiltration of cancer cells. In summary, SEMA6A overexpression alleviated CRC progression by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro.

The 2017 US guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults proposed the diagnosis of hypertension at 130/80 mmHg, while the European Society of Cardiology and 2020 Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension maintain the 140/90 mmHg cut-off. We aimed to evaluate how the cut-off established by the American Heart Association guidelines would impact the prevalence of hypertension in the ELSA-Brasil cohort and compare the clinical characteristics among these subgroups. The participants were part of the ongoing ELSA-Brasil multicenter cohort, with baseline data collected between 2008 and 2010, consisting of 15,105 public servants of both sexes aged 35 to 74 years. Hypertension (≥140 or ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs in the last two weeks if below these values) prevalence was 36.2% (95%CI: 35.4-36.9, n=5,456) with the Brazilian cut-off and 51.4% (95%CI: 50.6-52.1, n=7,756) when considering the US cut-off (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mmHg). In general, those with high blood pressure (HBP) presented an intermediate-risk profile compared to the hypertension group. Lowering the hypertension cut-off caused an absolute increase of 15.2% in the prevalence of hypertension in the sample of public servants studied. HBP individuals showed intermediate-risk profile between normal blood pressure and hypertension and represented a large fraction of the population who may benefit from treatment.

Delirium is a common complication in intensive care units (ICU). The PRE-DELIRIC model has shown promise in early delirium prediction, but its performance in Chinese ICU settings remains unclear. The objective of this study was to validate the PRE-DELIRIC model in a Chinese mixed medical-surgical ICU and evaluate its utility in guiding nursing interventions for delirium prevention. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, adult patients admitted to the ICU between January 2023 and October 2024 were included. The PRE-DELIRIC score was calculated within 24 h of admission. Delirium was assessed using Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) every 8 h. Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Among 580 patients, 176 (30.4%) developed delirium. The model showed good discrimination (AUROC 0.84; 95%CI: 0.81-0.87) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=8.96, P=0.34). At the optimal cut-off point of 30%, sensitivity was 81.8% and specificity 78.2%, with 90.8% negative predictive value. Performance remained consistent across surgical (AUROC 0.84), medical (AUROC 0.86), and trauma patients (AUROC 0.85). Delirious patients had longer ICU stays (median 11.2 vs 7.1 days, P<0.001) and higher mortality (15.9 vs 10.4%, P=0.028). The PRE-DELIRIC model demonstrated reliable predictive performance in Chinese ICU settings. Integration into routine nursing assessment could guide individualized preventive interventions and optimize resource utilization.