Land degradation mainly caused by soil erosion, and shades an ominous threat to the livelihood development prospects of Ethiopian smallholder farmers. In response to this, the government of Ethiopia introduced a Sustainable Land Management Program (hereafter referred as ‘SLM’), even though the adoption by smallholder farmers has been low. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the adoption of SLM practices choices using primary data collected from 200 smallholder farmers. Both descriptive statistics and Multivariate Probit model were applied. The multivariate probit model revealed that the main factors that positively and significantly influenced the decision of farmers to use these SLM practices are the household size, livestock holding size, amount of total income, level of education, the slope of farm plot, extension services and use of credit, the status of soil erosion hazard. However, distance to the nearest market had a negative and significant effect on adoption of SLM practices choices in the study area. The study recommended that the regional and local government should design various specific programs to resolve the constraints for scaling up and adopting the SLM practices through facilitating additional income-earning activities, encouraging the use of labor-saving technologies, promoting modern livestock production system, increasing farmers’ literacy level, promoting soil conservation techniques, widening the rural microfinance intuition services and establishing near market information provision center in the study area. Key words: Smallholder farmers, adoption, Sustainable Land Management (SLM), multivariate Probit, Abay Basin.
{"title":"Determinants of adoption of sustainable land management practice choices among smallholder farmers in Abay Basin of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Wondimu Legesse, J. Haji, M. Ketema, B. Emana","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation mainly caused by soil erosion, and shades an ominous threat to the livelihood development prospects of Ethiopian smallholder farmers. In response to this, the government of Ethiopia introduced a Sustainable Land Management Program (hereafter referred as ‘SLM’), even though the adoption by smallholder farmers has been low. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the adoption of SLM practices choices using primary data collected from 200 smallholder farmers. Both descriptive statistics and Multivariate Probit model were applied. The multivariate probit model revealed that the main factors that positively and significantly influenced the decision of farmers to use these SLM practices are the household size, livestock holding size, amount of total income, level of education, the slope of farm plot, extension services and use of credit, the status of soil erosion hazard. However, distance to the nearest market had a negative and significant effect on adoption of SLM practices choices in the study area. The study recommended that the regional and local government should design various specific programs to resolve the constraints for scaling up and adopting the SLM practices through facilitating additional income-earning activities, encouraging the use of labor-saving technologies, promoting modern livestock production system, increasing farmers’ literacy level, promoting soil conservation techniques, widening the rural microfinance intuition services and establishing near market information provision center in the study area. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Smallholder farmers, adoption, Sustainable Land Management (SLM), multivariate Probit, Abay Basin.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the economic effects of malaria on cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria using the ordinary least square regression technique. Descriptive statistics were used to identify strategies to reduce malaria infection among cocoa farmers. The sample frame for the study was derived from secondary data obtained from records of Ondo State Ministry of Health on registered cocoa farmers who had malaria during the production season in 2015. Multi-stage, systematic and purposive samplings were used to select 180 respondents for the study. Some of the variables measured include: annual income of farmers, direct cost of malaria treatment, number of days of incapacitation and additional labour cost incurred by the farmers during periods of incapacitation. Results from the study showed that the mean annual income estimate was ₦524,096. It was revealed that the cost of malaria treatment and additional labour cost incurred had a significant effect on the income of the farmers, however; the number of days of incapacitation had no significant effect on the income of cocoa farmers. Key words: Malaria, income, ordinary least squares regression and cocoa.
{"title":"Effect of malaria on income of cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Eniafe David Olakunle, Oseni Joseph Olumide","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1115","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the economic effects of malaria on cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria using the ordinary least square regression technique. Descriptive statistics were used to identify strategies to reduce malaria infection among cocoa farmers. The sample frame for the study was derived from secondary data obtained from records of Ondo State Ministry of Health on registered cocoa farmers who had malaria during the production season in 2015. Multi-stage, systematic and purposive samplings were used to select 180 respondents for the study. Some of the variables measured include: annual income of farmers, direct cost of malaria treatment, number of days of incapacitation and additional labour cost incurred by the farmers during periods of incapacitation. Results from the study showed that the mean annual income estimate was ₦524,096. It was revealed that the cost of malaria treatment and additional labour cost incurred had a significant effect on the income of the farmers, however; the number of days of incapacitation had no significant effect on the income of cocoa farmers. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Malaria, income, ordinary least squares regression and cocoa.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"13 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41835198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hunger and undernourishment are the main challenges of today’s world. The objective of this study is to assess severity of household food insecurity and local coping strategies in the study area. Three-stage sampling technique was used to select sampled household in Analemmo woreda Hadiya Zone. A total of 200 households were selected by using systematic random sampling with proportional to population size. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Both descriptive and econometric models were used to analyze the collected data. Household calorie acquisition was employed to categorize into severely food secure and severely food in secure. For econometric analysis ordered probit model were used to identify determinates of severity of household food insecurity in the study area. The survey results show that severity food insecurity 36%, 18%, 13% and 33% food secure, mild, moderately and severely food insecure respectively. Thus, based on the results of ordered probit model agro-ecology of land, age and education level of household head, number of oxen, drought-tolerant seeds, soil and water conservation, credit amount, productive safety net program participation, access to climatic information, access to extension service and off-farm activities and non- farm activity determine severity of household food insecurity in study area. Different common coping strategies was used to cope food .It was recommended that government should provide productive saftent program participation, capacity building on age and educational level household head, providing climatic information for farmers, providing drought-tolerant seed, provision of veterinary service for oxen health, providing training on soil and water conservation. Key words: Analemmo, coping strategies, food insecurity, ordered probit model.
{"title":"Severity of household food insecurity and coping strategies in Analemmo Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Melese, Mebratu Alemu","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1124","url":null,"abstract":"Hunger and undernourishment are the main challenges of today’s world. The objective of this study is to assess severity of household food insecurity and local coping strategies in the study area. Three-stage sampling technique was used to select sampled household in Analemmo woreda Hadiya Zone. A total of 200 households were selected by using systematic random sampling with proportional to population size. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Both descriptive and econometric models were used to analyze the collected data. Household calorie acquisition was employed to categorize into severely food secure and severely food in secure. For econometric analysis ordered probit model were used to identify determinates of severity of household food insecurity in the study area. The survey results show that severity food insecurity 36%, 18%, 13% and 33% food secure, mild, moderately and severely food insecure respectively. Thus, based on the results of ordered probit model agro-ecology of land, age and education level of household head, number of oxen, drought-tolerant seeds, soil and water conservation, credit amount, productive safety net program participation, access to climatic information, access to extension service and off-farm activities and non- farm activity determine severity of household food insecurity in study area. Different common coping strategies was used to cope food .It was recommended that government should provide productive saftent program participation, capacity building on age and educational level household head, providing climatic information for farmers, providing drought-tolerant seed, provision of veterinary service for oxen health, providing training on soil and water conservation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Analemmo, coping strategies, food insecurity, ordered probit model.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"13 1","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken to improve the efficiency of maize farming in the Central Region of Ghana. A stochastic frontier cost function, applied to cross-sectional data, was used to analyse firm level cost efficiency of production and its determinants. Efficiency of resource utilization was analysed using marginal value product of inputs. Results from the Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier model and a farm-specific efficiency model showed that the mean cost efficiency was 94.95%. Furthermore, all production inputs were inefficiently allocated. Access to extension services, experience and access to credit had positive relationships with cost efficiency. The study concludes that maize farmers are not fully efficient in resource combination and allocation. Improved technologies and innovations should be made accessible to farmers by public and private extension service providers to increase efficiency of their maize farms. Key words: Cost efficiency, allocative efficiency, cost frontier, marginal value product, maximum likelihood estimates.
{"title":"Economic resources utilisation in maize production: Evidence from Central Region, Ghana","authors":"Kwaku Asuako Tabiri, S. Akaba","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1175","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to improve the efficiency of maize farming in the Central Region of Ghana. A stochastic frontier cost function, applied to cross-sectional data, was used to analyse firm level cost efficiency of production and its determinants. Efficiency of resource utilization was analysed using marginal value product of inputs. Results from the Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier model and a farm-specific efficiency model showed that the mean cost efficiency was 94.95%. Furthermore, all production inputs were inefficiently allocated. Access to extension services, experience and access to credit had positive relationships with cost efficiency. The study concludes that maize farmers are not fully efficient in resource combination and allocation. Improved technologies and innovations should be made accessible to farmers by public and private extension service providers to increase efficiency of their maize farms. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cost efficiency, allocative efficiency, cost frontier, marginal value product, maximum likelihood estimates.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Profit efficiency refers to the extent at which a firm makes not only profit but its ability to maximize profit. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the profit efficiency of Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) beneficiary and non-beneficiary rice farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 499 ABP beneficiary and non-beneficiary rice farmers each giving a sample size of 998. A well-structured questionnaires were administered in order to collect data. Data collected were analyzed using Stochastic Frontier Profit Function Model. The results revealed that farm efficiency index varied from one farmer to another and ranged from 0.44 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.94 for the beneficiary farmers, while for non-beneficiary farmers, the maximum efficiency was 0.90 with 0.11 minimum efficiency and a mean of 0.74 The results revealed that the two categories of farmers were not efficient in maximizing profit, however, ABP beneficiary rice farmers were more profit efficient than the non-beneficiary rice farmers. This suggests that ABP has improved the profit efficiency of the beneficiary rice farmers. It is recommended that since ABP enhances the profit efficiency of the beneficiary rice farmers, policies should be tailored towards inclusion of other farmers to benefit from ABP intervention in Nigeria. Key words: Profit efficiency, Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP), beneficiary rice farmers.
{"title":"Relative profit efficiency of Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) beneficiary and non-beneficiary rice farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Gona, I. Alhaji, Y. Kaka","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1179","url":null,"abstract":"Profit efficiency refers to the extent at which a firm makes not only profit but its ability to maximize profit. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the profit efficiency of Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) beneficiary and non-beneficiary rice farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 499 ABP beneficiary and non-beneficiary rice farmers each giving a sample size of 998. A well-structured questionnaires were administered in order to collect data. Data collected were analyzed using Stochastic Frontier Profit Function Model. The results revealed that farm efficiency index varied from one farmer to another and ranged from 0.44 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.94 for the beneficiary farmers, while for non-beneficiary farmers, the maximum efficiency was 0.90 with 0.11 minimum efficiency and a mean of 0.74 The results revealed that the two categories of farmers were not efficient in maximizing profit, however, ABP beneficiary rice farmers were more profit efficient than the non-beneficiary rice farmers. This suggests that ABP has improved the profit efficiency of the beneficiary rice farmers. It is recommended that since ABP enhances the profit efficiency of the beneficiary rice farmers, policies should be tailored towards inclusion of other farmers to benefit from ABP intervention in Nigeria. Key words: Profit efficiency, Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP), beneficiary rice farmers.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48875116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arahama Traor e, Souleymane Ou edraogo, Patrice To e
Unfavorable agro-climatic and edaphic conditions have led to the development of many adaptation strategies to climate change in the northern region of Burkina Faso. This study analyzed the determinants of goods practices adoption as regards adaptation to climate change (GPACC). It used panel data (2016-2018) collected from a sample of 1,221 women and 335 men within the operational farmer’s organizations in the provinces of Zondoma and Passore. Results of the multinomial Logit model showed that adoption of GPACC is determined by the socio-economic characteristics of men and women including the institutional opportunities and farms characteristics. These factors included years of experience in farming, production costs, access to credit, the possession of ruminants, soils type and availability of inputs on time. However, the relevance of the variables and the meaning of their influence partially varied depending on GPACC and the smallholder’ gender. Therefore, it is essential to build-up technical, socio-economic and institutional capacities to reach a massive adoption of GPACC. However, all these capacity-building actions should take into account the findings as regards the specificity of each producer category. Key words: Determinants, adoption, goods practices, climate change, women, men, multinomial logit, Burkina Faso.
{"title":"Analyzing the determinants for the adoption of good practices as regards climate change adaptation in the Northern region of Burkina Faso","authors":"Arahama Traor e, Souleymane Ou edraogo, Patrice To e","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1200","url":null,"abstract":"Unfavorable agro-climatic and edaphic conditions have led to the development of many adaptation strategies to climate change in the northern region of Burkina Faso. This study analyzed the determinants of goods practices adoption as regards adaptation to climate change (GPACC). It used panel data (2016-2018) collected from a sample of 1,221 women and 335 men within the operational farmer’s organizations in the provinces of Zondoma and Passore. Results of the multinomial Logit model showed that adoption of GPACC is determined by the socio-economic characteristics of men and women including the institutional opportunities and farms characteristics. These factors included years of experience in farming, production costs, access to credit, the possession of ruminants, soils type and availability of inputs on time. However, the relevance of the variables and the meaning of their influence partially varied depending on GPACC and the smallholder’ gender. Therefore, it is essential to build-up technical, socio-economic and institutional capacities to reach a massive adoption of GPACC. However, all these capacity-building actions should take into account the findings as regards the specificity of each producer category. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Determinants, adoption, goods practices, climate change, women, men, multinomial logit, Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Benin, maize plays a key role, both in production systems and in commercial transactions and population feeding. Smallholders are facing a decline in productivity due, among other things, to difficulties in accessing agricultural inputs such as improved seeds and fertilizers (NPK and Urea). The project "Sustainable intensification of maize production among small producers in the departments of Alibori and Borgou in Benin" attempted to solve these problems in its intervention areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the technical efficiency of the maize producers of the Municipality of Bembereke who benefited from the project's support. The sample of the study consists of the 95 farmers benefiting from the project interventions in the Municipality of Bembereke. Data on quantities and prices of inputs used as well as quantities and labour costs were collected. We used the stochastic production frontier to calculate the beneficiaries' technical efficiency scores. The results of the analysis show that the average yield obtained on the experimental plot is 1422 kg/ha compared to 1005 kg/ha for the control plot. In addition, the average value of the technical efficiency scores of all the farms studied is 65.2%, varying from 8.8 to 100%. This means that the current production level can be further increased by an average of 34.8% using the same quantities of inputs. The technical efficiency obtained by producers on the experimental plots is higher than that obtained on the control plots. It is 68.5 and 62% respectively. The comparison test performed on the mean difference between the two groups shows that this difference is significant (probability = 0.004). This shows that the technological packages disseminated as part of the project activities have a clear impact on the technical efficiency of producers. The Government must then encourage farmers to make greater use of certified maize seed and specific fertilizers at subsidized prices. Key words: Technical efficiency, stochastic production frontier, maize, project, Benin.
{"title":"Analysis of the technical efficiency of maize producers in the Municipality of Bembrk in the North of Benin","authors":"J. Adanguidi","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1133","url":null,"abstract":"In Benin, maize plays a key role, both in production systems and in commercial transactions and population feeding. Smallholders are facing a decline in productivity due, among other things, to difficulties in accessing agricultural inputs such as improved seeds and fertilizers (NPK and Urea). The project \"Sustainable intensification of maize production among small producers in the departments of Alibori and Borgou in Benin\" attempted to solve these problems in its intervention areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the technical efficiency of the maize producers of the Municipality of Bembereke who benefited from the project's support. The sample of the study consists of the 95 farmers benefiting from the project interventions in the Municipality of Bembereke. Data on quantities and prices of inputs used as well as quantities and labour costs were collected. We used the stochastic production frontier to calculate the beneficiaries' technical efficiency scores. The results of the analysis show that the average yield obtained on the experimental plot is 1422 kg/ha compared to 1005 kg/ha for the control plot. In addition, the average value of the technical efficiency scores of all the farms studied is 65.2%, varying from 8.8 to 100%. This means that the current production level can be further increased by an average of 34.8% using the same quantities of inputs. The technical efficiency obtained by producers on the experimental plots is higher than that obtained on the control plots. It is 68.5 and 62% respectively. The comparison test performed on the mean difference between the two groups shows that this difference is significant (probability = 0.004). This shows that the technological packages disseminated as part of the project activities have a clear impact on the technical efficiency of producers. The Government must then encourage farmers to make greater use of certified maize seed and specific fertilizers at subsidized prices. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Technical efficiency, stochastic production frontier, maize, project, Benin.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Joshi, Praseed Thapa, Anju Adhikari, Pragati Dahal, P. Gautam
Goat (Capra hircus) is one of the important sources of rural economy in Nepal. As various programs are aiming to enhance livelihood of rural denizens through goat promotion, it is therefore crucial to understand socio-economic determinants on decision to raise goats by rural households. So, this study was carried out in two, out of seven, local administrative units (Wards) of Marin rural municipality, Sindhuli using three stage sampling technique. A household survey using pretested questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 100 respondents of which 59% were females and 41% were males. Multiple linear regression analysis using Stata was performed to ascertain socio-economic determinants (sex, education, income, household size, farming experience (years), membership of saving and credit institution, off-farm activities involvement and land size) of goat raising. Results showed that household size had a positively significant relation (p 0.05). The study suggests that the result should be considered by any authorities that aim for goat promotion among rural farmers. Key words: Goat, multiple linear regression, rural household, socio-economic determinants.
{"title":"Determination of socio-economic factors influencing rural households decision to raise goat in Sindhuli District, Nepal","authors":"A. Joshi, Praseed Thapa, Anju Adhikari, Pragati Dahal, P. Gautam","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1177","url":null,"abstract":"Goat (Capra hircus) is one of the important sources of rural economy in Nepal. As various programs are aiming to enhance livelihood of rural denizens through goat promotion, it is therefore crucial to understand socio-economic determinants on decision to raise goats by rural households. So, this study was carried out in two, out of seven, local administrative units (Wards) of Marin rural municipality, Sindhuli using three stage sampling technique. A household survey using pretested questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 100 respondents of which 59% were females and 41% were males. Multiple linear regression analysis using Stata was performed to ascertain socio-economic determinants (sex, education, income, household size, farming experience (years), membership of saving and credit institution, off-farm activities involvement and land size) of goat raising. Results showed that household size had a positively significant relation (p 0.05). The study suggests that the result should be considered by any authorities that aim for goat promotion among rural farmers. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Goat, multiple linear regression, rural household, socio-economic determinants.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47468260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a parametric decomposition of output growth and total factor productivity changes, extending production approach to the case of non-neutral stochastic frontier. The results were based on unbalanced panel data from Ethiopian smallholder farmers observed over the period 1999–2015. The study decomposes output growth into input growth and total factor productivity changes while both were further decomposed into components. Output growth was decomposed into individual inputs contribution, whilst total factor productivity change decomposed into technical change, scale effect and technical efficiency changes. The empirical findings indicate output growth was mainly driven by total factor productivity changes (71%) while 22% attributed to input growth. Technical change found to be the main source of total factor productivity while scale effect also contributed significantly. Technical efficiency change was found to be the main source for the reduction of total factor productivity and so in output growth. The result indicates both changes due to inputs use and farm-characteristics were found the most important, in explaining technical efficiency changes, cancelling the negative impact due to autonomous changes and environmental factors. The finding implies there are total factor productivity changes and the output growth in cereal farming is mainly driven by technical change, suggesting policies aim at enhancing technology adoption and investment in modernizing agriculture are significantly effective. Thus policies directed toward enhancing agricultural technologies that improve technical change, enable farmers to benefit from scale of operations and their best practice form essential part of the overall agricultural policies. Key words: Output growth, total factor productivity, decomposition, stochastic frontier, farming, Ethiopia.
{"title":"Explaining output growth and total factor productivity changes using production frontier: The case of Ethiopian smallholders farming","authors":"Berisso Metaksa Oumer","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1167","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a parametric decomposition of output growth and total factor productivity changes, extending production approach to the case of non-neutral stochastic frontier. The results were based on unbalanced panel data from Ethiopian smallholder farmers observed over the period 1999–2015. The study decomposes output growth into input growth and total factor productivity changes while both were further decomposed into components. Output growth was decomposed into individual inputs contribution, whilst total factor productivity change decomposed into technical change, scale effect and technical efficiency changes. The empirical findings indicate output growth was mainly driven by total factor productivity changes (71%) while 22% attributed to input growth. Technical change found to be the main source of total factor productivity while scale effect also contributed significantly. Technical efficiency change was found to be the main source for the reduction of total factor productivity and so in output growth. The result indicates both changes due to inputs use and farm-characteristics were found the most important, in explaining technical efficiency changes, cancelling the negative impact due to autonomous changes and environmental factors. The finding implies there are total factor productivity changes and the output growth in cereal farming is mainly driven by technical change, suggesting policies aim at enhancing technology adoption and investment in modernizing agriculture are significantly effective. Thus policies directed toward enhancing agricultural technologies that improve technical change, enable farmers to benefit from scale of operations and their best practice form essential part of the overall agricultural policies. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Output growth, total factor productivity, decomposition, stochastic frontier, farming, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"168-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2020.1167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46436413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sanogo, Fr ed eric Gaspart, D. Kaboré, S. J. Taonda, M. Kestemont
This paper analyses the effect of labor opportunity cost on economic profitability of fertilizer microdosing (FM) in Burkina Faso. In order to assess the incremental change in net income when the investment cost increases and takes into account labor opportunity cost, the marginal value cost ratio (MVCR) approach is used. Using data from farmer’s field, the results showed that for both crops, the median yield of the fertilizer microdosing plots is 500 kg.ha-1, which is slightly higher than yield from recommended dose plots. Moreover, the rate of fertilizer microdosing plots of millet with a marginal value cost ratio above 2 shifts from 50% (without labor opportunity cost) to 41% (with labor opportunity cost) and not even one recommended dose plots reached this threshold. These findings argued that fertilizer microdosing adopters remain economically profitable for farmers compared to traditional practices despite the opportunity cost of labor. However, because of its importance in the process of fertilizer microdosing adoption, labor costs must be included in its economic evaluation. The results of this study confirm the need to accelerate mechanization of fertilizer microdosing application. Key words: Fertilizer microdosing (FM), labor, marginal value cost ratio, Burkina Faso.
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