The study characterizes and analyzes the existing farming system and identifies the production and marketing constraints of Cheliya and Ilu Gelan districts with cross-sectional data of 105 sample households. The farming system of the study areas is characterized as mixed farming systems with 59.1 and 27.44% contribution of crop and livestock, respectively for livelihood activities. From the survey results, disease (96.19%), shortage of grazing land (73.33%), feed shortage (48.57%), shortage of veterinary medicine (20.95%), shortage of water (18.10%) and lack of improved breeds (14.29%) were identified as major important constraints in livestock production. High transaction cost (71.43%), lack of capital (35.24%), lack of market information (23.81%), price and demand fluctuation (21.90%), lack of market linkage (14.29%) and unorganized marketing system (12.38%) were reported as major constraints in livestock marketing. Pests, high cost of inputs, shortage of land, weed infestation, shortage of inputs, low yield, poor quality of seed and poor soil fertility were identified as important crop production constraints. High transaction cost, low price output, lack of market information and lack of market linkage were summarized as major crop marketing constraints. Besides, soil erosion, soil fertility decline, water logging, soil acidity and termite were reported as important constraints in natural resources. Improving livestock productivity through improved breed, forage, control disease and control illegal livestock trade needs attention. Additionally, improving crop productivity through Integrated Pest Management (IPM), improved varieties, minimizing transaction cost, focusing on high value crop, expanding soil and water conservation, strengthening market information and linkage needs urgent concentration for interventions. Key words: Crop, farming system, livestock, natural resource.
{"title":"Characterization and analysis of farming system of Cheliya and Ilu Gelan districts of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"K. Degefa, Getachew Biru, Galmesa Abebe","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1111","url":null,"abstract":"The study characterizes and analyzes the existing farming system and identifies the production and marketing constraints of Cheliya and Ilu Gelan districts with cross-sectional data of 105 sample households. The farming system of the study areas is characterized as mixed farming systems with 59.1 and 27.44% contribution of crop and livestock, respectively for livelihood activities. From the survey results, disease (96.19%), shortage of grazing land (73.33%), feed shortage (48.57%), shortage of veterinary medicine (20.95%), shortage of water (18.10%) and lack of improved breeds (14.29%) were identified as major important constraints in livestock production. High transaction cost (71.43%), lack of capital (35.24%), lack of market information (23.81%), price and demand fluctuation (21.90%), lack of market linkage (14.29%) and unorganized marketing system (12.38%) were reported as major constraints in livestock marketing. Pests, high cost of inputs, shortage of land, weed infestation, shortage of inputs, low yield, poor quality of seed and poor soil fertility were identified as important crop production constraints. High transaction cost, low price output, lack of market information and lack of market linkage were summarized as major crop marketing constraints. Besides, soil erosion, soil fertility decline, water logging, soil acidity and termite were reported as important constraints in natural resources. Improving livestock productivity through improved breed, forage, control disease and control illegal livestock trade needs attention. Additionally, improving crop productivity through Integrated Pest Management (IPM), improved varieties, minimizing transaction cost, focusing on high value crop, expanding soil and water conservation, strengthening market information and linkage needs urgent concentration for interventions. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Crop, farming system, livestock, natural resource.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46902828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kennedy Agyei-Manu, F. Nimoh, Millicent Owusu-Peprah, George Baffour Kyeremateng
Mining and cocoa production are important livelihoods for people in Ghana, particularly in rural communities like Upper Denkyira West District. However, mining activities can have negative impacts on cocoa production and access to basic necessities for the sustenance of the people. This study sought to investigate cocoa farmers’ perception of the impact of mining on socio- economic activities in Upper Denkyira West District and the determinants of their choice of alternative livelihoods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 211 respondents who were selected via a multi-stage sampling method for the study. The study found that cocoa farming households agree that mining has negative impacts on socio-economic activities in the district. It was also revealed that about two-thirds of the cocoa farming households were engaged in farm-based and nonfarm-based alternative livelihoods, in addition to cocoa farming. Results from the empirical multinomial logistic regression model showed that sex, years of formal education, farm income, technical skills, extension services, and perception that mining have reduced farm sizes, and farm outputs significantly influence cocoa farming households’ choice of alternative livelihood. The study recommends the need for policies aimed at promoting skills acquisition and facilitating access to markets for products of alternative livelihoods. Key words: Mining, cocoa, alternative livelihoods, multinomial logistic regression, Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana.
{"title":"Cocoa farmers choice of alternative livelihood in mining communities in Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana","authors":"Kennedy Agyei-Manu, F. Nimoh, Millicent Owusu-Peprah, George Baffour Kyeremateng","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Mining and cocoa production are important livelihoods for people in Ghana, particularly in rural communities like Upper Denkyira West District. However, mining activities can have negative impacts on cocoa production and access to basic necessities for the sustenance of the people. This study sought to investigate cocoa farmers’ perception of the impact of mining on socio- economic activities in Upper Denkyira West District and the determinants of their choice of alternative livelihoods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 211 respondents who were selected via a multi-stage sampling method for the study. The study found that cocoa farming households agree that mining has negative impacts on socio-economic activities in the district. It was also revealed that about two-thirds of the cocoa farming households were engaged in farm-based and nonfarm-based alternative livelihoods, in addition to cocoa farming. Results from the empirical multinomial logistic regression model showed that sex, years of formal education, farm income, technical skills, extension services, and perception that mining have reduced farm sizes, and farm outputs significantly influence cocoa farming households’ choice of alternative livelihood. The study recommends the need for policies aimed at promoting skills acquisition and facilitating access to markets for products of alternative livelihoods. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Mining, cocoa, alternative livelihoods, multinomial logistic regression, Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2020.1171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Konsala, Fotso Roger-Corneille, Froumsia Moksia, Todou Gilbert, I. Adamou, Mapongmetsem Pierre-Marie
The periphery of Mbam and Djerem National Park in Cameroon harbors valuable forest resources including key non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that contribute to sustain livelihood of many people in terms of consumption and income generation. However, poor studies have been carried out to assess the socio-economic importance of the value chain of key NTFPs, threats on resources and implication for trade development. We used the value chain analysis approach to map and assess the socio-economic importance of the value chain of three key NTFPs such as Xylopia aethiopica, Beilschmiedia anacardioides and Beilschmiedia jacques-felixii, from forest to market place. The results of the study showed that interesting parts of the plants are the fruits that are harvested and processed for sale or local consumption. Annual profit margins for 17 producers of B. anacardioides and B. jacques-felixiiare was estimated at 1,196,188 FCFA (2023.45 USD) representing 68%, and for 52 producers of X. aethiopica was estimated at 31,280,000 FCFA (52912.57 USD) accounting for 85%. This constitutes an important contribution to the total income of producers of these NTFPs across the region. Profit margins of wholesalers are more important than that of producers and can be classified as follows: 11 wholesaler’s of B. anacardioides and B. jacques-felixii, 1,908,937 FCFA (3229.12 USD) representing 75% (t-test, df= 26; p= 0.0004); and 20 wholesalers of X. aethiopica, 51,888,000 FCFA (87772.61 USD) representing 94% (t-test, df= 70; p=0.0009). The exploitation of X. aethiopica is practiced by felling the trees and the species recorded a high vulnerable index (VI = 2.61). This practice jeopardizes the natural regeneration of the species in the undergrowth and alters the structure and floristic composition of the plant communities. In the north-eastern part of the park, local people manage the existing species through enrichment plantings. Key words: Values, plant species, products, park, Cameroon.
{"title":"Social and economic values chain assessment of key non-timber forest products around Mbam and Djerem National Parks ecoregion of Cameroon: Case of Xylopia aethiopica, Beilschmiedia anacardioides and Beilschmiedia jacques-felixii","authors":"S. Konsala, Fotso Roger-Corneille, Froumsia Moksia, Todou Gilbert, I. Adamou, Mapongmetsem Pierre-Marie","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1096","url":null,"abstract":"The periphery of Mbam and Djerem National Park in Cameroon harbors valuable forest resources including key non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that contribute to sustain livelihood of many people in terms of consumption and income generation. However, poor studies have been carried out to assess the socio-economic importance of the value chain of key NTFPs, threats on resources and implication for trade development. We used the value chain analysis approach to map and assess the socio-economic importance of the value chain of three key NTFPs such as Xylopia aethiopica, Beilschmiedia anacardioides and Beilschmiedia jacques-felixii, from forest to market place. The results of the study showed that interesting parts of the plants are the fruits that are harvested and processed for sale or local consumption. Annual profit margins for 17 producers of B. anacardioides and B. jacques-felixiiare was estimated at 1,196,188 FCFA (2023.45 USD) representing 68%, and for 52 producers of X. aethiopica was estimated at 31,280,000 FCFA (52912.57 USD) accounting for 85%. This constitutes an important contribution to the total income of producers of these NTFPs across the region. Profit margins of wholesalers are more important than that of producers and can be classified as follows: 11 wholesaler’s of B. anacardioides and B. jacques-felixii, 1,908,937 FCFA (3229.12 USD) representing 75% (t-test, df= 26; p= 0.0004); and 20 wholesalers of X. aethiopica, 51,888,000 FCFA (87772.61 USD) representing 94% (t-test, df= 70; p=0.0009). The exploitation of X. aethiopica is practiced by felling the trees and the species recorded a high vulnerable index (VI = 2.61). This practice jeopardizes the natural regeneration of the species in the undergrowth and alters the structure and floristic composition of the plant communities. In the north-eastern part of the park, local people manage the existing species through enrichment plantings. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Values, plant species, products, park, Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41779106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zimbabwe’s economic progress is hinged on the performance of the agricultural sector, which supports the majority of the population. Bank credit empowers farmers to adopt inputs and technologies that are key for enhancing productivity and income. This study sought to establish the bank credit access trends among farmers in the Hurungwe District of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe, comparing the current (2019-2015) and past (2014-2000) periods. A questionnaire was administered on a sample of 354 farmers. SPSS was used for data analysis. Credit access was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the type of farmers, farmers’ education, age, farm size and alternative employment. Credit access was higher (p < 0.05) among Model A2 than Model A1 farmers, farmers with higher educational qualifications, aged between 46-55 years, with more than 35 hectares of farmland, and with alternative occupation. Failure to access bank loans by Model A1 farmers was ascribed to their lack of collateral assets, human capital and weather resilience infrastructure. Government should invest in irrigation infrastructure and create a conducive investment climate to stimulate financial capital inflows. Farmers should invest in physical and human capital to enhance their access to bank credit. Banks should devise collateral substitution models to avoid segregating poor farmers with productivity potential. Key words: Bank credit, capital formation, credit access, Model A1 farmer, Model A2 farmer.
{"title":"Bank credit access trends among farmers in Hurungwe District of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe","authors":"B. Chigunhah, E. Svotwa","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1160","url":null,"abstract":"Zimbabwe’s economic progress is hinged on the performance of the agricultural sector, which supports the majority of the population. Bank credit empowers farmers to adopt inputs and technologies that are key for enhancing productivity and income. This study sought to establish the bank credit access trends among farmers in the Hurungwe District of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe, comparing the current (2019-2015) and past (2014-2000) periods. A questionnaire was administered on a sample of 354 farmers. SPSS was used for data analysis. Credit access was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the type of farmers, farmers’ education, age, farm size and alternative employment. Credit access was higher (p < 0.05) among Model A2 than Model A1 farmers, farmers with higher educational qualifications, aged between 46-55 years, with more than 35 hectares of farmland, and with alternative occupation. Failure to access bank loans by Model A1 farmers was ascribed to their lack of collateral assets, human capital and weather resilience infrastructure. Government should invest in irrigation infrastructure and create a conducive investment climate to stimulate financial capital inflows. Farmers should invest in physical and human capital to enhance their access to bank credit. Banks should devise collateral substitution models to avoid segregating poor farmers with productivity potential. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bank credit, capital formation, credit access, Model A1 farmer, Model A2 farmer.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2020.1160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The loss of maize landraces is of major global concern. Landraces provide the genetic building blocks for the development of high yielding pest- and drought-tolerant maize varieties, and their loss reduces the capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The extinction of maize landraces is an incidental effect of the planting decisions of farmers. Although maize landraces are important both as a staple food and the source of traditional specialty foods required in particular cultural events and ceremonies, they are frequently displaced by high-yielding cultivars. The study considers the factors influencing on-farm maize diversity in the Lacandon tropical forest in the Mexican state of Chiapas. Using a censored regression model fitted with cross-sectional household farmer data, the factors behind crop choices was investigated, paying particular attention to the relation between crop diversity, wealth, and income transfers. It was found that maize diversity bears a non-monotonic relation to wealth, but is positively associated with both agricultural subsidies and poverty support. Key words: Crop choice, crop diversity, Lacandon forest, maize diversity, poverty, on-farm conservation, Mexico, censored regression.
{"title":"The on-farm diversity of maize cultivars and landraces in the Lacandon region of Chiapas, Mexico","authors":"Gustavo Leopoldo Garduño, Charles Perrings","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1170","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of maize landraces is of major global concern. Landraces provide the genetic building blocks for the development of high yielding pest- and drought-tolerant maize varieties, and their loss reduces the capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The extinction of maize landraces is an incidental effect of the planting decisions of farmers. Although maize landraces are important both as a staple food and the source of traditional specialty foods required in particular cultural events and ceremonies, they are frequently displaced by high-yielding cultivars. The study considers the factors influencing on-farm maize diversity in the Lacandon tropical forest in the Mexican state of Chiapas. Using a censored regression model fitted with cross-sectional household farmer data, the factors behind crop choices was investigated, paying particular attention to the relation between crop diversity, wealth, and income transfers. It was found that maize diversity bears a non-monotonic relation to wealth, but is positively associated with both agricultural subsidies and poverty support. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Crop choice, crop diversity, Lacandon forest, maize diversity, poverty, on-farm conservation, Mexico, censored regression.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2020.1170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic networks of agricultural suppliers for the creation of value added are an interesting field of research in the developing countries. Indeed, various scientific works were interested with social networks as well as on their members’ relationship and on their management. However, social networks as strategic suppliers are able to solve SME’s supply credit problems; the need to analyze networks with a view to creating added value for members of these networks remains less examined in literature. To understand the place of the networks in SMEs, a method of content analysis was used to analyze the data collected which included five focus groups of 8 people and twelve interviews. Most participants are producers / suppliers of cassava and shea nuts. The results show that supplier networks allow members to increase their revenues and also improve their skill level. Key words: Supplier networks, added-value, income, welfare.
{"title":"Producers supplying strategic network, value creation and exporting SME growth","authors":"V.K. Dagbelou, S. Adekambi, J. Yabi","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1129","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic networks of agricultural suppliers for the creation of value added are an interesting field of research in the developing countries. Indeed, various scientific works were interested with social networks as well as on their members’ relationship and on their management. However, social networks as strategic suppliers are able to solve SME’s supply credit problems; the need to analyze networks with a view to creating added value for members of these networks remains less examined in literature. To understand the place of the networks in SMEs, a method of content analysis was used to analyze the data collected which included five focus groups of 8 people and twelve interviews. Most participants are producers / suppliers of cassava and shea nuts. The results show that supplier networks allow members to increase their revenues and also improve their skill level. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Supplier networks, added-value, income, welfare.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Profit Frontier to analyze economic efficiency of sorghum farmers in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Using a multi-stage stratified sample of 259 farmers, results depicted a wide range of profit efficiency between the best (0.96) and the worst (0.12) farmer with a mean of 0.17. The actual and potential profit was USD 164.88 ha-1 and USD 969.87 ha-1 respectively. This indicates that, sampled farmers incurred profit-loss of approximately USD 804.99 ha-1. Family labour and fixed capital base were the major contributing factors to sorghum profitability. Drivers of profit efficiency pointed out that, farmers who had more experience in sorghum farming, accessed agricultural credit, attended trainings, lived closer to the market and agro-dealers were likely to be more efficient. To increase profit efficiency, this study therefore advocates for policy strategies targeting these factors. Further, policy move targeting increase in uptake and correct application of fertilizer and other inputs should be reinforced. Key words: Improved sorghum varieties, economic efficiency, Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier, Kenya.
{"title":"Analysis of economic efficiency among smallholder sorghum producers in Kenya","authors":"Backson Mwangi, I. Macharia, E. Bett","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2020.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2020.1162","url":null,"abstract":"This study used Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Profit Frontier to analyze economic efficiency of sorghum farmers in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Using a multi-stage stratified sample of 259 farmers, results depicted a wide range of profit efficiency between the best (0.96) and the worst (0.12) farmer with a mean of 0.17. The actual and potential profit was USD 164.88 ha-1 and USD 969.87 ha-1 respectively. This indicates that, sampled farmers incurred profit-loss of approximately USD 804.99 ha-1. Family labour and fixed capital base were the major contributing factors to sorghum profitability. Drivers of profit efficiency pointed out that, farmers who had more experience in sorghum farming, accessed agricultural credit, attended trainings, lived closer to the market and agro-dealers were likely to be more efficient. To increase profit efficiency, this study therefore advocates for policy strategies targeting these factors. Further, policy move targeting increase in uptake and correct application of fertilizer and other inputs should be reinforced. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Improved sorghum varieties, economic efficiency, Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier, Kenya.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47799669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adoption of artificial insemination (AI) in Ethiopia is low and there is paucity of information in documentation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of smallholder farmers’ adoption of AI technology in Laelay-Maichew district. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 155 sample respondents for the study. The primary data were collected through individual interviews using semi-structured interview and check list. Descriptive, inferential statistics and binary logistic model were employed to describe the study results and identify the determinants of farmers to adopt improved breeding method of AI. The farmers’ adoption of AI was influenced by access to credit facilities and mobile phone, social participation, formal training, frequency of extension contact, knowledge about AI practice and perception of AI profit positively and participating in off-farm activities negatively. In conclusion, ownership of information and communication technology (ICT), access to extension services (training and extension visit), knowledge of AI practices and perception of profit determined farmers’ AI adoption. There is a need to improve the effectiveness of extension service through strengthening the training, frequent home visit, making credit service accessible, and educating farmers regarding the knowledge and importance of AI technology for its effective dissemination. Key words: Adoption, artificial insemination (AI), crossbreeding cattle, binary logit econometric model.
{"title":"Adoption of artificial insemination service for cattle crossbreeding by smallholder farmers in \u0000Laelay-Maichew district, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Berhe Abraha, M. Gezahegn, J. Yousuf","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1086","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of artificial insemination (AI) in Ethiopia is low and there is paucity of information in documentation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of smallholder farmers’ adoption of AI technology in Laelay-Maichew district. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 155 sample respondents for the study. The primary data were collected through individual interviews using semi-structured interview and check list. Descriptive, inferential statistics and binary logistic model were employed to describe the study results and identify the determinants of farmers to adopt improved breeding method of AI. The farmers’ adoption of AI was influenced by access to credit facilities and mobile phone, social participation, formal training, frequency of extension contact, knowledge about AI practice and perception of AI profit positively and participating in off-farm activities negatively. In conclusion, ownership of information and communication technology (ICT), access to extension services (training and extension visit), knowledge of AI practices and perception of profit determined farmers’ AI adoption. There is a need to improve the effectiveness of extension service through strengthening the training, frequent home visit, making credit service accessible, and educating farmers regarding the knowledge and importance of AI technology for its effective dissemination. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adoption, artificial insemination (AI), crossbreeding cattle, binary logit econometric model.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47033980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian Muroyiwa, Liako Shokopa, P. Likoetla, Montoeli Rantlo
Despite global efforts to increase food availability and curb high incidence of malnutrition in Africa, there are concerns with regard to high post-harvest losses in Africa. Lesotho like most countries in sub-Saharan Africa faces documented challenges with food insecurity and nutrition. Food availability could be increased by reduction of post-harvest losses without further exploitation of resources. Mitigation of post-harvest losses is seen as a possible antidote for increasing food availability and nutritional status in countries experiencing high food losses. This study investigated the extent of integration of post-harvest management in agricultural policy in Lesotho and strategies to minimise post-harvest losses. Purposive sampling was utilised in order to select a sample of twenty-five respondents on which interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify a set of overarching themes that can be used to describe the policy environment and strategies to reduce post-harvest losses. The analysis suggests that there is absence of a direct policy to guide post-harvest management activities in Lesotho, it is only referred to indirectly in other policies with the exception of dairy products sector which has a direct post harvest management policy. Strategies to curb post-harvest losses were also identified. The study concludes that there is need for a direct policy to address post-harvest management in Lesotho. Key words: Lesotho, post harvest management, natural resources, food policy, agricultural development.
{"title":"Integration of post-harvest management in agricultural policy and strategies to minimise post harvest losses in Lesotho","authors":"Brian Muroyiwa, Liako Shokopa, P. Likoetla, Montoeli Rantlo","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Despite global efforts to increase food availability and curb high incidence of malnutrition in Africa, there are concerns with regard to high post-harvest losses in Africa. Lesotho like most countries in sub-Saharan Africa faces documented challenges with food insecurity and nutrition. Food availability could be increased by reduction of post-harvest losses without further exploitation of resources. Mitigation of post-harvest losses is seen as a possible antidote for increasing food availability and nutritional status in countries experiencing high food losses. This study investigated the extent of integration of post-harvest management in agricultural policy in Lesotho and strategies to minimise post-harvest losses. Purposive sampling was utilised in order to select a sample of twenty-five respondents on which interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify a set of overarching themes that can be used to describe the policy environment and strategies to reduce post-harvest losses. The analysis suggests that there is absence of a direct policy to guide post-harvest management activities in Lesotho, it is only referred to indirectly in other policies with the exception of dairy products sector which has a direct post harvest management policy. Strategies to curb post-harvest losses were also identified. The study concludes that there is need for a direct policy to address post-harvest management in Lesotho. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Lesotho, post harvest management, natural resources, food policy, agricultural development.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47037062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the performance of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS) which is the major credit policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria. It was established in 1977 but started operation in 1978. Time series data from 1978-2014, extracted from the 2014 bulletin of the National Bureau Statistics were used for the study. Total volume and number of loans given were used to proxy the strength of the scheme, while the contribution of agriculture to GDP was used to proxy agricultural productivity. ARDL (Bounds) test approach to cointegration was employed to investigate both long and short run dynamics of ACGS and agricultural growth. The estimated results revealed that there is a long relationship among the total volume of loans, total number of loans and agricultural productivity. The long run elasticity showed that total volume of loan will not significantly influence productivity in the long run while the total numbers of loans have a significant long run relationship with the productivity. In the short run elasticity, total volume of loans was not significant with productivity in the current year while it was significant in the past four years. The total number of loan beneficiaries had a negative but significant relationship with productivity in the past 2 and 3 years while the relationship in the past year was also negative but insignificant. However, there was a positive and significant relationship between total number of loans issued and productivity in the current year. The speed of adjustment, ECT(-1) value of -0.1991 shows that the model will return to long run equilibrium at the speed of 19.91% from short run disequilibrium. Key words: Agricultural credit, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS), ARDL, loan volume.
{"title":"Performance analysis of Nigerian agricultural credit guarantee scheme: Bounds test approach to cointegration","authors":"O. Akinrinola, A. Okunola","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2017.0856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2017.0856","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the performance of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS) which is the major credit policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria. It was established in 1977 but started operation in 1978. Time series data from 1978-2014, extracted from the 2014 bulletin of the National Bureau Statistics were used for the study. Total volume and number of loans given were used to proxy the strength of the scheme, while the contribution of agriculture to GDP was used to proxy agricultural productivity. ARDL (Bounds) test approach to cointegration was employed to investigate both long and short run dynamics of ACGS and agricultural growth. The estimated results revealed that there is a long relationship among the total volume of loans, total number of loans and agricultural productivity. The long run elasticity showed that total volume of loan will not significantly influence productivity in the long run while the total numbers of loans have a significant long run relationship with the productivity. In the short run elasticity, total volume of loans was not significant with productivity in the current year while it was significant in the past four years. The total number of loan beneficiaries had a negative but significant relationship with productivity in the past 2 and 3 years while the relationship in the past year was also negative but insignificant. However, there was a positive and significant relationship between total number of loans issued and productivity in the current year. The speed of adjustment, ECT(-1) value of -0.1991 shows that the model will return to long run equilibrium at the speed of 19.91% from short run disequilibrium. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Agricultural credit, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS), ARDL, loan volume.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2017.0856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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