This study examined the influence of forensic accounting techniques on fraud prevention in tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study's methodology was a survey research design. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were developed in order to fulfill the study's objectives. Due to the manageable size of the population, all 152 auditors in bursary department participated in the study. A questionnaire titled “Forensic Accounting Techniques on Fraud Prevention” (FATFP) with a four-point rating scale was used for data collection. Two specialists in accounting department and one expert in measurement and evaluation validated the instrument. The Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the overall reliability coefficient of the instrument, which is.79. The standard deviation and mean were used to answer the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using an independent t-test at the.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that computer-assisted audit techniques and interview audit techniques had a significant influence on fraud prevention at tertiary institutions. Among other things, it was recommended that, government should arm auditors with information and communication tools to aid auditing procedures for fraud prevention. Once again, auditors should use contemporary interview approaches, including watching candidates during interviews, using recording equipment, and installing CCTV cameras strategically placed to capture correct data that will aid in stopping fraudulent operations in Nigerian educational institutions, particularly in Cross River State, Nigeria. Received: 11 November 2022 / Accepted: 28 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
{"title":"Forensic Accounting Techniques on Fraud Prevention in Tertiary Institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Akeke, C. Atah","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the influence of forensic accounting techniques on fraud prevention in tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study's methodology was a survey research design. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were developed in order to fulfill the study's objectives. Due to the manageable size of the population, all 152 auditors in bursary department participated in the study. A questionnaire titled “Forensic Accounting Techniques on Fraud Prevention” (FATFP) with a four-point rating scale was used for data collection. Two specialists in accounting department and one expert in measurement and evaluation validated the instrument. The Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the overall reliability coefficient of the instrument, which is.79. The standard deviation and mean were used to answer the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using an independent t-test at the.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that computer-assisted audit techniques and interview audit techniques had a significant influence on fraud prevention at tertiary institutions. Among other things, it was recommended that, government should arm auditors with information and communication tools to aid auditing procedures for fraud prevention. Once again, auditors should use contemporary interview approaches, including watching candidates during interviews, using recording equipment, and installing CCTV cameras strategically placed to capture correct data that will aid in stopping fraudulent operations in Nigerian educational institutions, particularly in Cross River State, Nigeria. \u0000 \u0000Received: 11 November 2022 / Accepted: 28 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78252498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. N. Tindan, Moses A. Abubakari, V. Antwi, Philip Dorsah, Dennis Offei Kwakye
Teachers are motivated by a variety of variables while they carry out their employment. However, the expected impact on teacher motivation has not been achieved as a result of the economic reasons. Numerous studies have demonstrated that social elements, such as satisfying interpersonal interactions, can spur people to pursue and accomplish a goal. But there has been a lot of silence over how this varies by gender. This made it necessary to conduct research to determine how interpersonal interactions (IR), specifically those between teachers and students, teachers and other teachers, and teachers and heads of schools in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER), affected teachers' motivation. A cross-sectional survey study design was used, and the data collection process used a mixed technique approach. Teachers at pre-tertiary institutions in UER in Ghana are the target demographic. 831 female and 1,719 male instructors from the area made up the sample. The data was gathered using a teacher motivation scale comprising 4 Likert scale questions and an interview schedule for focus group discussions. The findings demonstrated that interpersonal interactions at school (TP, TT, and TH) influence how instructors in pre-tertiary institutions in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER) carry out their duties, with TT offering the greatest incentive and TH the least. Although IR generally has no association with gender, Pearson's chi-square study revealed that TT as a teacher motivator is associated to gender. To encourage male and female teachers to fulfil their jobs, it is important to foster positive interpersonal interactions at pre-tertiary institutions. Being able to establish close relationships with one's co-workers is key to enjoying one's job as a teacher. Therefore, it is crucial that educators work hard to cultivate good relationships with their colleagues. Received: 12 August 2022 / Accepted: 29 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
{"title":"Gender Perspective of Interpersonal Relationships in Pre-Tertiary Schools as a Teacher Motivator","authors":"T. N. Tindan, Moses A. Abubakari, V. Antwi, Philip Dorsah, Dennis Offei Kwakye","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers are motivated by a variety of variables while they carry out their employment. However, the expected impact on teacher motivation has not been achieved as a result of the economic reasons. Numerous studies have demonstrated that social elements, such as satisfying interpersonal interactions, can spur people to pursue and accomplish a goal. But there has been a lot of silence over how this varies by gender. This made it necessary to conduct research to determine how interpersonal interactions (IR), specifically those between teachers and students, teachers and other teachers, and teachers and heads of schools in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER), affected teachers' motivation. A cross-sectional survey study design was used, and the data collection process used a mixed technique approach. Teachers at pre-tertiary institutions in UER in Ghana are the target demographic. 831 female and 1,719 male instructors from the area made up the sample. The data was gathered using a teacher motivation scale comprising 4 Likert scale questions and an interview schedule for focus group discussions. The findings demonstrated that interpersonal interactions at school (TP, TT, and TH) influence how instructors in pre-tertiary institutions in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER) carry out their duties, with TT offering the greatest incentive and TH the least. Although IR generally has no association with gender, Pearson's chi-square study revealed that TT as a teacher motivator is associated to gender. To encourage male and female teachers to fulfil their jobs, it is important to foster positive interpersonal interactions at pre-tertiary institutions. Being able to establish close relationships with one's co-workers is key to enjoying one's job as a teacher. Therefore, it is crucial that educators work hard to cultivate good relationships with their colleagues. \u0000 \u0000Received: 12 August 2022 / Accepted: 29 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74020106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of the present study to investigates the opportunities and barriers that visually impaired students face in higher education at Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.). For this study, 20 students, including 15 (75%) males and 5 (25%) females, were interviewed based on the availability of visually impaired students. The result of this study reveals that the visually impaired students experienced three major types of barriers in the university, i.e., barriers in infrastructural accessibilities, barriers in accessing study materials, and in classroom learning. Received: 17 October 2022 / Accepted: 30 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
{"title":"Opportunities and Barriers to Disabled Students in Higher Education: An Explorative Study of Visually Impaired Students of Aligarh Muslim University India","authors":".. Abdullah, A. Waheed","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of the present study to investigates the opportunities and barriers that visually impaired students face in higher education at Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.). For this study, 20 students, including 15 (75%) males and 5 (25%) females, were interviewed based on the availability of visually impaired students. The result of this study reveals that the visually impaired students experienced three major types of barriers in the university, i.e., barriers in infrastructural accessibilities, barriers in accessing study materials, and in classroom learning. \u0000 \u0000Received: 17 October 2022 / Accepted: 30 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77871035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number one function of governments anywhere in the world is to achieve public interest. Public interest and social interactions are so vast, complex and dynamic that; a government can not effectively administer all aspects by itself. Plainly put, whenever citizens require or request for a service from government, it is an implicit request for government to set up an institution to administer the discharge or provision of that service. Owing to this, institutions are set up to aid in the management of the different facets of public service. These institutions and their officials are then conferred power to effectively perform their functions. This power is Discretionary Power. The paper examines discretionary power from various angles and especially investigates the lingering question of how this power should be controlled to prevent abuse. The standpoint of the author is that judicial control is the most effective means of regulating the use of discretion. Received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
{"title":"Should Discretionary Power be Controlled Politically Through the Democratic Process or it Should be Controlled Through the Courts?","authors":"R. Mensah","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"The number one function of governments anywhere in the world is to achieve public interest. Public interest and social interactions are so vast, complex and dynamic that; a government can not effectively administer all aspects by itself. Plainly put, whenever citizens require or request for a service from government, it is an implicit request for government to set up an institution to administer the discharge or provision of that service. Owing to this, institutions are set up to aid in the management of the different facets of public service. These institutions and their officials are then conferred power to effectively perform their functions. This power is Discretionary Power. The paper examines discretionary power from various angles and especially investigates the lingering question of how this power should be controlled to prevent abuse. The standpoint of the author is that judicial control is the most effective means of regulating the use of discretion. \u0000 \u0000Received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subtlety is the only way wherein feminine rebellion can flourish and succeed in a male dominant society. This paper attempts to show that collaborative feminine effort leads to collective liberty and that Duffy (2002) pays homage to the feminist waves, especially the radical phase. The poet uses laughter as a metaphor to represent the feminist waves that were initially perceived as a joke but culminated in a force that ensured the emancipation of women. Although women’s desires are often repressed by the patriarchal machinery that seeks to oppress them, united action leads to liberation. Critics of Duffy have focused on her radical feminist and revisionist themes but this paper will also read the Laughter of Stafford Girls High (2002) as a homage to the various feminist waves that have contributed to women’s emancipation discourses globally. The paper draws from Wollstonecraft (1792) whose treatise A Vindication of the Rights of Woman exposed the triviality of women’s education and advocated for equality in learning. Although contemporary society enjoys parity in learning, several feminist critics like Howe (1977) and Hooks (1994) insist that there are still hidden messages within curriculums that tactfully ensure the marginal role of women. The absence of women in the canons gives the pervasive feeling that women have contributed nothing to human progress. The paper, therefore, aligns with the idea of feminine writing posited by Cixous (1976) as the only way through which women can write their unique history. From a reading of Duffy (2002) with the aforementioned theoretical leanings, it was realized that spaces of patriarchal brainwashing still abound despite the perceived progressive worldview. Equally, united action is important for the restitution of the rights of all women globally. Received: 7 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
在男性占主导地位的社会中，女性反叛得以兴盛并取得成功的唯一途径是微妙。本文试图表明，女性的合作努力导致了集体自由，Duffy(2002)对女权主义浪潮，特别是激进阶段表示敬意。诗人用笑声来比喻女权主义浪潮，这一浪潮最初被认为是一个笑话，但最终成为一股确保女性解放的力量。尽管女性的欲望经常受到试图压迫她们的父权机制的压抑，但团结一致的行动会导致解放。对达菲的批评主要集中在她激进的女权主义和修正主义主题上，但本文也将阅读《斯塔福德女子高中的笑声》(2002)，作为对各种女权主义浪潮的致敬，这些女权主义浪潮对全球妇女解放话语做出了贡献。论文取材于沃斯通克拉夫特(1792)的专著《女权的辩护》(A indication of women Rights)，她揭露了女性教育的琐碎性，并倡导学习平等。尽管当代社会在学习上享有平等，但一些女权主义评论家，如Howe(1977)和Hooks(1994)坚持认为，在课程中仍然存在隐藏的信息，巧妙地确保了女性的边缘角色。经典中没有女性的身影，给人一种普遍的感觉，即女性对人类进步毫无贡献。因此，这篇论文与Cixous(1976)提出的女性写作的观点是一致的，女性写作是女性书写自己独特历史的唯一途径。通过阅读Duffy(2002)的上述理论倾向，我们意识到，尽管有进步的世界观，男权洗脑的空间仍然大量存在。同样，联合行动对于恢复全球所有妇女的权利也很重要。收稿日期:2022年9月7日/收稿日期:2022年10月27日/发表日期:2022年11月5日
{"title":"Mirth as an Outlet of Repressed Feminine Yearnings in Carol Ann Duffy’s Poetry","authors":"M. Lum","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Subtlety is the only way wherein feminine rebellion can flourish and succeed in a male dominant society. This paper attempts to show that collaborative feminine effort leads to collective liberty and that Duffy (2002) pays homage to the feminist waves, especially the radical phase. The poet uses laughter as a metaphor to represent the feminist waves that were initially perceived as a joke but culminated in a force that ensured the emancipation of women. Although women’s desires are often repressed by the patriarchal machinery that seeks to oppress them, united action leads to liberation. Critics of Duffy have focused on her radical feminist and revisionist themes but this paper will also read the Laughter of Stafford Girls High (2002) as a homage to the various feminist waves that have contributed to women’s emancipation discourses globally. The paper draws from Wollstonecraft (1792) whose treatise A Vindication of the Rights of Woman exposed the triviality of women’s education and advocated for equality in learning. Although contemporary society enjoys parity in learning, several feminist critics like Howe (1977) and Hooks (1994) insist that there are still hidden messages within curriculums that tactfully ensure the marginal role of women. The absence of women in the canons gives the pervasive feeling that women have contributed nothing to human progress. The paper, therefore, aligns with the idea of feminine writing posited by Cixous (1976) as the only way through which women can write their unique history. From a reading of Duffy (2002) with the aforementioned theoretical leanings, it was realized that spaces of patriarchal brainwashing still abound despite the perceived progressive worldview. Equally, united action is important for the restitution of the rights of all women globally. \u0000 \u0000Received: 7 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"413 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79967955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the systematic review was to compile and synthesise evidence on the contributions and implications of girl-centric policies and specialised interventions for girls' education in terms of access and participation. The results of the review confirm that girls' education programmes designed and implemented in a gender-based framework are effective in increasing girls' access to education. The results support the hypothesis that gender-centric policies and affirmative action interventions are sincere attempts to improve equity within education systems in Malawi. Despite these findings, the article argues that gender-centric policies and programmes can be replete with unfounded and contradicting assumptions about the nature of gender and egalitarian programming, which may negate the agenda on gender equality. The article also contends that even though great progress has been made in developing and adopting gender-sensitive education policies, feminist approaches have complicated implementation of the resulting gender-sensitive educational interventions. One of the main challenges in implementing feminist frameworks is in resolving the unquestioned and inconsistent assumptions about gender and egalitarian programming that have led to replication of affirmative action programmes that are only marginally effective. From the emanating perspectives, the article opiniates that general restorative interventions can be better approaches for overcoming gender inequality, and thus argues that girl-centric frameworks are unsustainable and must be supplanted with gender-as-equity paradigms. Received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
{"title":"A Systematic Analysis of Malawi's Girl-Centred Education Programming","authors":"John Foster Jill Moyo","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the systematic review was to compile and synthesise evidence on the contributions and implications of girl-centric policies and specialised interventions for girls' education in terms of access and participation. The results of the review confirm that girls' education programmes designed and implemented in a gender-based framework are effective in increasing girls' access to education. The results support the hypothesis that gender-centric policies and affirmative action interventions are sincere attempts to improve equity within education systems in Malawi. Despite these findings, the article argues that gender-centric policies and programmes can be replete with unfounded and contradicting assumptions about the nature of gender and egalitarian programming, which may negate the agenda on gender equality. The article also contends that even though great progress has been made in developing and adopting gender-sensitive education policies, feminist approaches have complicated implementation of the resulting gender-sensitive educational interventions. One of the main challenges in implementing feminist frameworks is in resolving the unquestioned and inconsistent assumptions about gender and egalitarian programming that have led to replication of affirmative action programmes that are only marginally effective. From the emanating perspectives, the article opiniates that general restorative interventions can be better approaches for overcoming gender inequality, and thus argues that girl-centric frameworks are unsustainable and must be supplanted with gender-as-equity paradigms. \u0000 \u0000Received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80511909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pandemic experience from Covid-19 has heightened the awareness of the impact that relational poverty has on the quality of life, especially of older people’s lives. The obligation to stay inside their homes to protect them from the risk of infection has had the indirect effect of precipitating many elderly people into a state of solitude from which, at least in part, the city had been protecting them until then. The pandemic has shown how older citizens live the shortage of relationships and the solitude of housing as factors that can heavily affect the quality of their lives. But this difficult historical moment has been an opportunity to implement a series of projects dedicated to over 65 people so that they could be guaranteed a fullness of possibilities. Within them there is “CondiViviamo” activated in Bari (Italy) and focused on the possibility of realizing an experience of cohousing as an instrument to contrast the economic uneasiness and, above all, the relational poverty. The starting assumption is both to guarantee older people a better existential condition, and to make them protagonists of this process. The project, carried out in a multifactorial perspective, is initially aimed at a limited number of elderly subjects, but it has the secondary purpose of defining a model exportable to other cities in the same territory of Apulian region and even at national level. The analysis of the outcomes of the project will also be functional to the definition of future operational guidelines for public social policies. Received: 22 August 2022 / Accepted: 20 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
{"title":"Co-Housing as a Strategy to Combat Relational Poverty of Older People","authors":"Letizia Carrera","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic experience from Covid-19 has heightened the awareness of the impact that relational poverty has on the quality of life, especially of older people’s lives. The obligation to stay inside their homes to protect them from the risk of infection has had the indirect effect of precipitating many elderly people into a state of solitude from which, at least in part, the city had been protecting them until then. The pandemic has shown how older citizens live the shortage of relationships and the solitude of housing as factors that can heavily affect the quality of their lives. But this difficult historical moment has been an opportunity to implement a series of projects dedicated to over 65 people so that they could be guaranteed a fullness of possibilities. Within them there is “CondiViviamo” activated in Bari (Italy) and focused on the possibility of realizing an experience of cohousing as an instrument to contrast the economic uneasiness and, above all, the relational poverty. The starting assumption is both to guarantee older people a better existential condition, and to make them protagonists of this process. The project, carried out in a multifactorial perspective, is initially aimed at a limited number of elderly subjects, but it has the secondary purpose of defining a model exportable to other cities in the same territory of Apulian region and even at national level. The analysis of the outcomes of the project will also be functional to the definition of future operational guidelines for public social policies. \u0000 \u0000Received: 22 August 2022 / Accepted: 20 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73645761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ofem, Isaac Ubi Ofem, S. Akpan, S. V. Ovat, C. E. Nworgwugwu, B. Otu, C. Atah
The study developed, validated, and standardised a statistical literacy test for university undergraduates in Cross River State, Nigeria. Five research questions were raised to guide this study. The study adopted an instrumentation design. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a total of 753 respondents from a population of 4705 students. Three instruments were used to collect data: the Statistical Literacy Test (SLT), the Statistical Reasoning Test (SRT), and the Statistical Anxiety Test (SAT). Descriptive statistics (means and simple percentages), correlational analysis, and the factor analytical technique were used to analyse the data collected. The result showed that only 25 items survived the last item assessment. The instrument was found to have strong construct validity as the items in the correlation matrix were all positively correlated. The statistical literacy scale showed convergence with statistical reasoning but diverged with statistical anxiety. The reliability of the instrument was found to be high as the coefficients of the scale were 0.81, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively, and it was adjudged reliable. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the instrument was valid and reliable. Thus, it was recommended that students' skills in statistics should not just be on the computational aspect but on the utilisation of statistical knowledge. Statistics lecturers should emphasise statistical literacy to help students reason and think statistically, and the instrument should be widely distributed for use by researchers and psychometricians. Received: 16 August 2022 / Accepted: 28 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
{"title":"Development, Validation and Standardization of Instrument to Measure Statistical Literacy among Universities Undergraduates in Cross River State","authors":"U. Ofem, Isaac Ubi Ofem, S. Akpan, S. V. Ovat, C. E. Nworgwugwu, B. Otu, C. Atah","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"The study developed, validated, and standardised a statistical literacy test for university undergraduates in Cross River State, Nigeria. Five research questions were raised to guide this study. The study adopted an instrumentation design. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a total of 753 respondents from a population of 4705 students. Three instruments were used to collect data: the Statistical Literacy Test (SLT), the Statistical Reasoning Test (SRT), and the Statistical Anxiety Test (SAT). Descriptive statistics (means and simple percentages), correlational analysis, and the factor analytical technique were used to analyse the data collected. The result showed that only 25 items survived the last item assessment. The instrument was found to have strong construct validity as the items in the correlation matrix were all positively correlated. The statistical literacy scale showed convergence with statistical reasoning but diverged with statistical anxiety. The reliability of the instrument was found to be high as the coefficients of the scale were 0.81, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively, and it was adjudged reliable. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the instrument was valid and reliable. Thus, it was recommended that students' skills in statistics should not just be on the computational aspect but on the utilisation of statistical knowledge. Statistics lecturers should emphasise statistical literacy to help students reason and think statistically, and the instrument should be widely distributed for use by researchers and psychometricians. \u0000 \u0000Received: 16 August 2022 / Accepted: 28 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined Students Variables and the development of employability mastery on undergraduates Business Education Students in Federal Universities in Southern Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were developed to direct the investigation in order to fulfil the study's objectives. For the study, a survey research design was used. 440 students in their final year of business study made up the population. Data were gathered using a 20-item survey called the "Students Variables and the Development of Employability Mastery' Scale" (SVDEM). Using the Cronbach Alpha statistical method, the instrument's internal consistency was determined, and the result was a 0.95 overall reliability coefficient. In order to analyze the data and provide answers to the study questions, mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) were used. The independent t-test was used to evaluate the null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings from data analysis showed that students’ variables significantly influenced the development of employability mastery with High Influence (HI). While the test of hypotheses revealed that, there is no significant difference in the mean rating of the positive and negative respondents on the influence of students’ attitudes and students’ interest in the development of employability mastery. Based on the study's findings, it was suggested, among other things, that school management should offer opportunities to spark students' interest in vocational courses that will improve their growth of employability mastery before graduation. Received: 26 July 2022 / Accepted: 28 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
{"title":"Students Variables and the Development of Employability Mastery on Undergraduates Business Education Students in Federal Universities in Southern Nigeria","authors":"C. Atah, B. Nwosu, Emanuel Bessong","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined Students Variables and the development of employability mastery on undergraduates Business Education Students in Federal Universities in Southern Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were developed to direct the investigation in order to fulfil the study's objectives. For the study, a survey research design was used. 440 students in their final year of business study made up the population. Data were gathered using a 20-item survey called the \"Students Variables and the Development of Employability Mastery' Scale\" (SVDEM). Using the Cronbach Alpha statistical method, the instrument's internal consistency was determined, and the result was a 0.95 overall reliability coefficient. In order to analyze the data and provide answers to the study questions, mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) were used. The independent t-test was used to evaluate the null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings from data analysis showed that students’ variables significantly influenced the development of employability mastery with High Influence (HI). While the test of hypotheses revealed that, there is no significant difference in the mean rating of the positive and negative respondents on the influence of students’ attitudes and students’ interest in the development of employability mastery. Based on the study's findings, it was suggested, among other things, that school management should offer opportunities to spark students' interest in vocational courses that will improve their growth of employability mastery before graduation. \u0000 \u0000Received: 26 July 2022 / Accepted: 28 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79456044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This descriptive qualitative study examined how food security was undermined during the covid-19 pandemic in some coastal fishing communities in Nigeria. The study used the Household Economic Approach as a theoretical basis to explain the challenges of food security in coastal communities based on evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were generated from open-ended interviews conducted with 30 participants in three coastal fishing communities in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. The study also relied on secondary data from books, reports, and journal articles. From the analysis, results showed that the various preventive measures adopted to curb the spread of the virus posed a challenge to fish production, access, and consumption. Furthermore, the findings revealed that in addition to other human security issues, covid-19 was a natural mechanism whose emergence only exacerbated existing food insecurity in coastal fishing communities. Based on the ongoing, the study concludes that, food security can be enhanced in coastal fishing communities through cross-sectorial partnerships and collaborations between the government, civil society groups and the blue economy. Received: 11 July 2022 / Accepted: 29 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022
{"title":"Evaluating Food Security Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria’s Coastal Fishing Communities","authors":"B. A. Akande, S. Asua, Dennis Agiounim Undiandeye","doi":"10.36941/mjss-2022-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0040","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive qualitative study examined how food security was undermined during the covid-19 pandemic in some coastal fishing communities in Nigeria. The study used the Household Economic Approach as a theoretical basis to explain the challenges of food security in coastal communities based on evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were generated from open-ended interviews conducted with 30 participants in three coastal fishing communities in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. The study also relied on secondary data from books, reports, and journal articles. From the analysis, results showed that the various preventive measures adopted to curb the spread of the virus posed a challenge to fish production, access, and consumption. Furthermore, the findings revealed that in addition to other human security issues, covid-19 was a natural mechanism whose emergence only exacerbated existing food insecurity in coastal fishing communities. Based on the ongoing, the study concludes that, food security can be enhanced in coastal fishing communities through cross-sectorial partnerships and collaborations between the government, civil society groups and the blue economy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 11 July 2022 / Accepted: 29 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022","PeriodicalId":90922,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean journal of social sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82921341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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