Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.19080/JOJO.2019.07.555718
Justice Ablordey Akpabla
Objective: To profile the causes of visual impairment in the Bolgatanga municipality. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Presbyterian Regional Eye Hospital in Bolgatanga, Upper East region from October 2017 through April 2018. New cases aged 6 years and above, were included in this study based on presenting distance visual acuity. The variables, presenting distance visual acuity, primary diagnosis, refractive error status and demographic data were obtained from patients’ records and analyzed using SPSS, Version16.2 (version 16.2, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively while a Chi-squared test was used to analyze the strengths of association between qualitative where P<0.05 denoted a statistical significance. Results: Out of the 4659 new cases reviewed, 1323 were included in the study giving an overall calculated prevalence of visual impairment of 28.4%. The mean age was 60.44±19.66 years. The prevalence rates of the different grades of visual impairment were found to be: 63.9% for moderate visual impairment (MVI), 4.9% for Severe Visual Impairment (SVI), and 28.9% for blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract, uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, and corneal-related disorders while the main causes of blindness were cataract, glaucoma, and corneal-related disorders. Older age, unemployment, being a female (gender) and being a widow/widower (marital status) are the socio-demographic risk factors identified.
目的:了解博尔加坦加市视力障碍的原因。方法:回顾性研究于2017年10月至2018年4月在上东部地区Bolgatanga的长老会地区眼科医院进行。本研究纳入年龄在6岁及以上的新病例，以呈现的距离视力为基础。从患者病历中获取显示距离视力、初诊、屈光不正状态和人口学数据的变量，并使用SPSS, Version16.2 (Version16.2, SPSS, Inc.， Chicago, IL, USA)进行分析。对所得资料进行描述性分析，采用卡方检验分析定性间的关联强度，其中P<0.05为有统计学意义。结果:在4659例新病例中，1323例纳入研究，总体计算视力障碍患病率为28.4%。平均年龄60.44±19.66岁。不同等级视力障碍的患病率分别为:中度视力障碍(MVI) 63.9%、重度视力障碍(SVI) 4.9%、失明28.9%。低视力的主要原因是白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、青光眼和角膜相关疾病，而失明的主要原因是白内障、青光眼和角膜相关疾病。年龄较大、失业、女性(性别)和寡妇/鳏夫(婚姻状况)是确定的社会人口风险因素。
{"title":"Causes of Visual Impairment in the Bolgatanga Municipality in the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"Justice Ablordey Akpabla","doi":"10.19080/JOJO.2019.07.555718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJO.2019.07.555718","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To profile the causes of visual impairment in the Bolgatanga municipality. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Presbyterian Regional Eye Hospital in Bolgatanga, Upper East region from October 2017 through April 2018. New cases aged 6 years and above, were included in this study based on presenting distance visual acuity. The variables, presenting distance visual acuity, primary diagnosis, refractive error status and demographic data were obtained from patients’ records and analyzed using SPSS, Version16.2 (version 16.2, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively while a Chi-squared test was used to analyze the strengths of association between qualitative where P<0.05 denoted a statistical significance. Results: Out of the 4659 new cases reviewed, 1323 were included in the study giving an overall calculated prevalence of visual impairment of 28.4%. The mean age was 60.44±19.66 years. The prevalence rates of the different grades of visual impairment were found to be: 63.9% for moderate visual impairment (MVI), 4.9% for Severe Visual Impairment (SVI), and 28.9% for blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract, uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, and corneal-related disorders while the main causes of blindness were cataract, glaucoma, and corneal-related disorders. Older age, unemployment, being a female (gender) and being a widow/widower (marital status) are the socio-demographic risk factors identified.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555717
K. Lu
{"title":"Moneyball in Ophthalmology: Historic Failures in Ophthalmology Innovations and How to Overcome them","authors":"K. Lu","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-08DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555715
M. Parmar
Opacification of the lens of the eye, cataract is the foremost cause of sightlessness it accounts for approximately 50% of all blindness worldwide. World Health Organization launched Vision 2020, to get rid of cataract as priority diseases [1,2]. In India, cataract is responsible for almost 80% of blindness [3,4]. Apart from senile cataract various risk factors such as nutritional deficiency, sunlight, smoking environmental factors, lack of consumption of antioxidants and diabetes are known to increase the risk of cataract [5-8].
{"title":"Evaluation of Anticataract Activity of Methanolic Extract of Trianthema Decandra Leaves against Galactose Induced Cataractogenesis","authors":"M. Parmar","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555715","url":null,"abstract":"Opacification of the lens of the eye, cataract is the foremost cause of sightlessness it accounts for approximately 50% of all blindness worldwide. World Health Organization launched Vision 2020, to get rid of cataract as priority diseases [1,2]. In India, cataract is responsible for almost 80% of blindness [3,4]. Apart from senile cataract various risk factors such as nutritional deficiency, sunlight, smoking environmental factors, lack of consumption of antioxidants and diabetes are known to increase the risk of cataract [5-8].","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":"278 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555716
Hakika Erdoğan
Purpose: Ocular allergy is an ocular surface disease deteriorates the patient’s quality of life. This situation continues and repeats inflammation via allergen contacts. Inflammation disrupted the tear film instability and may lead to dry eye. The aim of our study is to investigate concurrently appearing signs and symptoms of dry eye in a group of patients with symptomatic allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: To be evaluated 141 patients with ocular allergy and 138 patient without ocular allergy in terms of dry eye symptoms and signs by Oxford scheme, OSDI scores, Break up time (BUT) and Schirmer test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference was detected between the dry eye scores of the two groups. Conclusion: It may be related that ocular allergy and dry eye. Because of this relation, patients have ocular allergy evaluated in terms of dry eye simultaneously.
{"title":"Dry Eye: A Variable in Ocular Allergy Treatment","authors":"Hakika Erdoğan","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555716","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Ocular allergy is an ocular surface disease deteriorates the patient’s quality of life. This situation continues and repeats inflammation via allergen contacts. Inflammation disrupted the tear film instability and may lead to dry eye. The aim of our study is to investigate concurrently appearing signs and symptoms of dry eye in a group of patients with symptomatic allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: To be evaluated 141 patients with ocular allergy and 138 patient without ocular allergy in terms of dry eye symptoms and signs by Oxford scheme, OSDI scores, Break up time (BUT) and Schirmer test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference was detected between the dry eye scores of the two groups. Conclusion: It may be related that ocular allergy and dry eye. Because of this relation, patients have ocular allergy evaluated in terms of dry eye simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42222437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-22DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555724
Jella A. An
{"title":"Biostatistics 101: Perspective on Statistics in Ophthalmology","authors":"Jella A. An","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43033316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555714
Hillah Amah Biova Kossi
{"title":"Refractive Errors and Amblyopia in Scholar’s Population in Togo","authors":"Hillah Amah Biova Kossi","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44073762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555711
H. Serra
The term helioses derives from the Greek root “hēlíōsis” which means excessive exposure to sunlight, a mixture of radiation with wavelengths ranging from 200nm to 4000nm, which comprises Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR), visible light and infrared light [1]. UVR has been found to reach diverse ocular components and is strongly absorbed by the anterior structures of the eye [2]. The cornea absorbs UVR differentially, based on the incident wavelength. More than 90% of UVR-C and UVR-B are absorbed by this ocular structure, as well as 60% of UVR-A [3], while the rest of the UVR-A is absorbed by the crystalline, with less than 1% reaching the retina [4]. Absorbed UVR is an important source of stress for the ocular surface through direct photo-oxidation (or type I). Also, indirect photo-oxidation (type II) can occur and produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which damage protein, lipids and cellular DNA [5-8].
{"title":"Ocular Surface Ophthalmoheliosis in a Region of Patagonia","authors":"H. Serra","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555711","url":null,"abstract":"The term helioses derives from the Greek root “hēlíōsis” which means excessive exposure to sunlight, a mixture of radiation with wavelengths ranging from 200nm to 4000nm, which comprises Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR), visible light and infrared light [1]. UVR has been found to reach diverse ocular components and is strongly absorbed by the anterior structures of the eye [2]. The cornea absorbs UVR differentially, based on the incident wavelength. More than 90% of UVR-C and UVR-B are absorbed by this ocular structure, as well as 60% of UVR-A [3], while the rest of the UVR-A is absorbed by the crystalline, with less than 1% reaching the retina [4]. Absorbed UVR is an important source of stress for the ocular surface through direct photo-oxidation (or type I). Also, indirect photo-oxidation (type II) can occur and produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which damage protein, lipids and cellular DNA [5-8].","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48248233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555712
Innocent K Thawe
{"title":"An Experimental Study of Astigmatism Optical Correction on Visual Acuity Changes when being Corrected with Spherocylindrical and Spherical Equivalent Spectacle Lenses","authors":"Innocent K Thawe","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2019.07.555712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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